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Proposed Rule2025-13258

Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Military Readiness Activities in the Hawaii-California Training and Testing Study Area

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Published

July 16, 2025

Issuing agencies

Commerce DepartmentNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Abstract

NMFS has received a request from the U.S. Department of the Navy (including the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps) (Navy) and on behalf of the U.S. Coast Guard (Coast Guard) and U.S. Army (Army) (hereafter, Navy, Coast Guard, and Army are collectively referred to as the Action Proponents) for Incidental Take Regulations (ITR) and multiple associated Letters of Authorization (LOAs) pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). The requested regulations would govern the authorization of take of marine mammals incidental to training and testing activities, and modernization and sustainment of ranges conducted in the Hawaii-California Training and Testing (HCTT) Study Area over the course of seven years from December 2025 through December 2032. NMFS requests comments on this proposed rule. NMFS will consider public comments prior to making any final decision on the promulgation of the requested ITR and issuance of the LOAs; agency responses to public comments will be summarized in the final rule, if issued. The Action Proponents' activities are considered military readiness activities pursuant to the MMPA, as amended by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (2004 NDAA) and the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2019 (2019 NDAA).

Full Text

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<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 134 (Wednesday, July 16, 2025)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 134 (Wednesday, July 16, 2025)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 32118-32349]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-13258]

[[Page 32117]]

Vol. 90

Wednesday,

No. 134

July 16, 2025

Part II

Department of Commerce

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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50 CFR Part 218

Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking
Marine Mammals Incidental to Military Readiness Activities in the
Hawaii-California Training and Testing Study Area; Proposed Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 90 , No. 134 / Wednesday, July 16, 2025 /
Proposed Rules

[[Page 32118]]

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 218

[Docket No. 250708-0120]
RIN 0648-BN44

Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities;
Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Military Readiness Activities in
the Hawaii-California Training and Testing Study Area

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Proposed rule; proposed letters of authorization; request for
comments.

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SUMMARY: NMFS has received a request from the U.S. Department of the
Navy (including the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps) (Navy) and on
behalf of the U.S. Coast Guard (Coast Guard) and U.S. Army (Army)
(hereafter, Navy, Coast Guard, and Army are collectively referred to as
the Action Proponents) for Incidental Take Regulations (ITR) and
multiple associated Letters of Authorization (LOAs) pursuant to the
Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). The requested regulations would
govern the authorization of take of marine mammals incidental to
training and testing activities, and modernization and sustainment of
ranges conducted in the Hawaii-California Training and Testing (HCTT)
Study Area over the course of seven years from December 2025 through
December 2032. NMFS requests comments on this proposed rule. NMFS will
consider public comments prior to making any final decision on the
promulgation of the requested ITR and issuance of the LOAs; agency
responses to public comments will be summarized in the final rule, if
issued. The Action Proponents' activities are considered military
readiness activities pursuant to the MMPA, as amended by the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (2004 NDAA) and the NDAA
for Fiscal Year 2019 (2019 NDAA).

DATES: Comments and information must be received no later than August
15, 2025.

ADDRESSES: A plain language summary of this proposed rule is available
at: <a href="https://www.regulations.gov/docket/NOAA-NMFS-2025-0028">https://www.regulations.gov/docket/NOAA-NMFS-2025-0028</a>. You may
submit comments on this document, identified by NOAA-NMFS-2025-0028, by
any of the following methods:
<bullet> Electronic Submission: Submit all electronic public
comments via the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal. Visit <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> and type NOAA-NMFS-2025-0028 in the Search box.
Click on the ``Comment'' icon, complete the required fields, and enter
or attach your comments.
<bullet> Mail: Submit written comments to Ben Laws, Incidental Take
Program Supervisor, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of
Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West
Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3225.
<bullet> Fax: (301) 713-0376; Attn: Ben Laws.
Instructions: Comments sent by any other method, to any other
address or individual, or received after the end of the comment period,
may not be considered by NMFS. All comments received are a part of the
public record and will generally be posted for public viewing at:
<a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> without change. All personal identifying
information (e.g., name, address, etc.), confidential business
information, or otherwise sensitive information submitted voluntarily
by the sender will be publicly accessible. NMFS will accept anonymous
comments (enter ``N/A'' in the required fields if you wish to remain
anonymous). Attachments to electronic comments will be accepted in
Microsoft Word, Excel, or Adobe PDF file formats only.
A copy of the Action Proponents' Incidental Take Authorization
(ITA) application and supporting documents, as well as a list of the
references cited in this document, may be obtained online at: <a href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-take-authorizations-military-readiness-activities">https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-take-authorizations-military-readiness-activities</a>. In case of problems
accessing these documents, please call the contact listed below (see
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Leah Davis, Office of Protected
Resources, NMFS, (301) 427-8401.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Purpose and Need for Regulatory Action

This proposed rule, if promulgated, would provide a framework under
the authority of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) to allow for the
authorization of take of marine mammals incidental to the Action
Proponents' training and testing activities and modernization and
sustainment of ranges (which qualify as military readiness activities)
involving the use of active sonar and other transducers, air guns, and
explosives (also referred to as ``in-water detonations''); pile driving
and vibratory extraction; land-based missile and target launches; and
vessel movement in the HCTT Study Area. The HCTT Study Area includes
areas in the north-central Pacific Ocean, from California west to
Hawaii and the International Date Line, and including the Hawaii Range
Complex (HRC) and Temporary Operating Area (TOA), Southern California
(SOCAL) Range Complex, Point Mugu Sea Range (PMSR), Silver Strand
Training Complex, areas along the Southern California coastline from
approximately Dana Point to Port Hueneme, and the Northern California
(NOCAL) Range Complex (see figure 1.1-1 of the rulemaking and LOA
application (hereafter referred to as the application)). Please see the
Legal Authority for the Proposed Action section for relevant
definitions.

Legal Authority for the Proposed Action

The MMPA prohibits the ``take'' of marine mammals, with certain
exceptions. Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361
et seq.) direct the Secretary of Commerce (as delegated to NMFS) to
allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of
small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a
specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified
geographical region if certain findings are made and either regulations
are proposed or, if the taking is limited to harassment, a notice of a
proposed authorization is provided to the public for review and the
opportunity to submit comment.
Authorization for incidental takings shall be granted if NMFS finds
that the taking will have a negligible impact on the species or
stock(s) and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the
availability of the species or stock(s) for taking for subsistence uses
(where relevant). Further, NMFS must prescribe the permissible methods
of taking; other ``means of effecting the least practicable adverse
impact'' on the affected species or stocks and their habitat, paying
particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar
significance, and on the availability of the species or stocks for
taking for certain subsistence uses (collectively referred to as
``mitigation''); and requirements pertaining to the monitoring and
reporting of the takings. The MMPA defines ``take'' to mean to harass,
hunt, capture, or kill, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, or kill
any marine mammal (16 U.S.C. 1362). The Preliminary Analysis and
Negligible

[[Page 32119]]

Impact Determination section discusses the definition of ``negligible
impact.''
The 2004 NDAA (Pub. L. 108-136) amended section 101(a)(5) of the
MMPA to remove the ``small numbers'' and ``specified geographical
region'' provisions, 16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(5)(F), and amended the
definition of ``harassment'' in section 3(18)(B) of the MMPA as applied
to a ``military readiness activity'' to read as follows: (1) Any act
that injures or has the significant potential to injure a marine mammal
or marine mammal stock in the wild (Level A Harassment); or (2) Any act
that disturbs or is likely to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal
stock in the wild by causing disruption of natural behavioral patterns,
including, but not limited to, migration, surfacing, nursing, breeding,
feeding, or sheltering, to a point where such behavioral patterns are
abandoned or significantly altered (Level B Harassment). 16 U.S.C.
1362(18)(B). The 2004 NDAA also amended the MMPA to establish in
section 101(a)(5)(A)(iii) that ``[f]or a military readiness activity .
. . , a determination of `least practicable adverse impact' . . . shall
include consideration of personnel safety, practicality of
implementation, and impact on the effectiveness of the military
readiness activity.'' 16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(5)(A)(iii). On August 13, 2018,
the 2019 NDAA (Pub. L. 115-232) amended the MMPA to allow ITRs for
military readiness activities to be issued for up to 7 years. 16 U.S.C.
1371(a)(5)(A)(ii).

Summary of Major Provisions Within the Proposed Rule

The major provisions of this proposed rule are as follows:
<bullet> The proposed authorization of take of marine mammals by
Level A harassment and/or Level B harassment;
<bullet> The proposed authorization of take of marine mammals by
mortality or serious injury (M/SI);
<bullet> The proposed use of defined powerdown and shutdown zones
(based on activity);
<bullet> Proposed measures to reduce the likelihood of vessel
strikes;
<bullet> Proposed activity limitations in certain areas and times
that are biologically important (i.e., for foraging, migration,
reproduction) for marine mammals;
<bullet> The proposed implementation of a Notification and
Reporting Plan (for dead, live stranded, or marine mammals struck by
any vessel engaged in military readiness activities); and
<bullet> The proposed implementation of a robust monitoring plan to
improve our understanding of the environmental effects resulting from
the Action Proponents' training and testing activities and
modernization and sustainment of ranges.
This proposed rule includes an adaptive management component that
allows for timely modification of mitigation, monitoring, and/or
reporting measures based on new information, when appropriate.

Summary of Request

On September 16, 2024, NMFS received an application from the Action
Proponents requesting authorization to take marine mammals, by Level A
and Level B harassment, incidental to training, testing, and
modernization and sustainment of ranges (characterized as military
readiness activities) including the use of sonar and other transducers,
explosives, air guns, impact and vibratory pile driving and extraction,
and land-based missile and target launches conducted within the HCTT
Study Area. The Action Proponents also request authorization to take,
by serious injury or mortality, a limited number of marine mammal
species incidental to the use of explosives and vessel movement during
military readiness activities conducted within the HCTT Study Area. The
Action Proponents are requesting multiple 7-year LOAs for Navy training
activities, Coast Guard training activities, Army training activities,
and Navy testing activities. In response to our comments and following
an information exchange, the Action Proponents submitted a revised
application, deemed adequate and complete on December 13, 2024. On that
same date, we published a notice of receipt of application in the
Federal Register (89 FR 100982), requesting comments and information
related to the Action Proponents' request for 30 days. During the 30-
day public comment period on the NOR, we received one public comment
from the Center for Biological Diversity. NMFS reviewed and considered
all submitted material during the drafting of this proposed rule.
NMFS has previously promulgated ITRs pursuant to the MMPA relating
to similar military readiness activities in areas located within the
HCTT Study Area. NMFS published the first rule effective from January
5, 2009 through January 5, 2014, (74 FR 1456, January 12, 2009), the
second rule effective from December 24, 2013 through December 24, 2018
(78 FR 78106, December 24, 2013), and the third rule effective from
December 21, 2018 through December 20, 2023 (83 FR 66846, December 27,
2018), which was subsequently amended, extending the effective date
until December 20, 2025 (85 FR 41780, July 10, 2020) pursuant to the
2019 NDAA and later further amended to increase the take of large
whales by vessel strike and modify the mitigation, monitoring, and
reporting measures to reduce vessel strikes (90 FR 4944, January 16,
2025). For this proposed rulemaking, the Action Proponents propose to
conduct substantially similar training and testing activities within
the HCTT Study Area that were conducted under previous rules (noting
that the Study Area has been expanded, as described in the Geographic
Region section).
The Action Proponents' application reflects the most up-to-date
compilation of training and testing activities, and modernization and
sustainment of ranges deemed necessary to accomplish military readiness
requirements. The types and numbers of activities included in the
proposed rule account for interannual variability in training and
testing to meet evolving or emergent military readiness requirements.
As explained herein, these proposed regulations also consolidate
several actions conducted by the Navy that were previously authorized
by NMFS and include some new military readiness activities carried out
by the Action Proponents. In particular, these proposed regulations
would cover incidental take during military readiness activities in the
HCTT Study Area that would occur for a 7-year period following the
expiration of the existing MMPA authorization which expires on December
20, 2025 (85 FR 41780, as amended by 90 FR 4944). In addition, this
proposed rule includes PMSR activities for which incidental take has
previously been authorized under separate authorizations, and, if
finalized, this rule would supersede the most recent PMSR regulations
(87 FR 40888, July 8, 2022). This proposed rule also includes areas
along the Southern California coastline from approximately Dana Point
to Port Hueneme and would supersede the incidental harassment
authorization (IHA) allowing incidental take of marine mammals during
pile driving training activities at Port Hueneme (90 FR 20283, May 13,
2025). In this proposed rule, we have undertaken a comprehensive
assessment of the risks/impacts of all military training and testing
activities on marine mammals likely to be present within the entire
range of the Study Area.

Description of Proposed Activity

Overview

The Action Proponents request authorization to take marine mammals

[[Page 32120]]

incidental to conducting military readiness activities. The Action
Proponents have determined that acoustic and explosives stressors are
likely to result in take of marine mammals in the form of Level A and B
harassment, and that a limited number of takes by serious injury or
mortality may result from vessel movement and use of explosives
(including ship shock trials). Detailed descriptions of these
activities are provided in chapter 2 and appendix A of the 2024 HCTT
Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact
Statement (2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS) (<a href="https://www.nepa.navy.mil/hctteis/">https://www.nepa.navy.mil/hctteis/</a>) and in the Action Proponents' application (<a href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-take-authorizations-military-readiness-activities">https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-mammal-protection/incidental-take-authorizations-military-readiness-activities</a>), which are
summarized here. Of note, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) is a joint lead
agency for the 2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS; USAF activities consist of air
combat maneuvers and air-to-air gunnery (a gunnery exercise in which
fixed-wing aircraft fire medium caliber guns at air targets). The
Action Proponents determined that USAF activities would not result in
the take of marine mammals, and therefore these activities are not
included in the Action Proponents' application. NMFS concurs that these
activities are not anticipated to result in incidental take of marine
mammals.
The Navy's statutory mission is to organize, train, equip, and
maintain combat-ready naval forces for the peacetime promotion of the
national security interests and prosperity of the United States, and
for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations essential to the
prosecution of a naval campaign. This mission is mandated by Federal
law (10 U.S.C. 8062 and 10 U.S.C. 8063), which requires the readiness
of the naval forces of the United States. The Navy executes this
responsibility by establishing and executing at-sea training and
testing, often in designated operating areas (OPAREAs) and testing and
training ranges. The Navy must be able to access and utilize these
areas and associated sea and air space to develop and maintain skills
for conducting naval operations. The Navy's testing activities ensure
naval forces are equipped with well-maintained systems that take
advantage of the latest technological advances. The Navy's research and
acquisition community conducts military readiness activities that
involve testing. The Navy tests vessels, aircraft, weapons, combat
systems, sensors, and related equipment, and conducts scientific
research activities to achieve and maintain military readiness.
The mission of the Coast Guard is to ensure the maritime safety,
security, and stewardship of the United States. To advance this
mission, the Coast Guard must ensure its personnel can qualify and
train jointly with, and independently of, the Navy and other services
in the effective and safe operational use of Coast Guard vessels,
aircraft, and weapons under realistic conditions. These activities help
ensure the Coast Guard can safely assist in the defense of the United
States by protecting the United States' maritime safety, security, and
natural resources in accordance with its national defense mission (14
U.S.C. 102). Coast Guard training, which accounts for a small portion
of overall activities, is summarized below.
The Army is increasingly required to support the naval mission,
frequently training in concert with the Navy. Some of this training
includes the use of explosives in the marine environment.

Dates and Duration

The specified activities would occur at any time during the 7-year
period of validity of the regulations. The proposed number of military
readiness activities are described in the Detailed Description of the
Specified Activity section (table 2 through table 9).

Geographic Region

The HCTT Study Area includes areas in the north-central Pacific
Ocean, from California west to Hawaii and the International Date Line,
and including the HRC and TOA, SOCAL Range Complex, PMSR, Silver Strand
Training Complex, and the NOCAL Range Complex. The HRC encompasses
ocean areas around the Hawaiian Islands, extending from 16 degrees
north latitude to 43 degrees north latitude and from 150 degrees west
longitude to the International Date Line (figure 1). It also includes
pierside locations and port transit channels, bays, harbors, inshore
waterways, amphibious approach lanes, and civilian ports where military
readiness activities occur as well as transits between homeports and
the Hawaii and California Study Areas. The geographic extent of the HRC
remains the same and has not changed since the last rulemaking. The
SOCAL Range Complex is located between Dana Point, California and San
Antonio, Mexico, and extends southwest into the Pacific Ocean. The PMSR
is located adjacent to Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San
Luis Obispo Counties along the Pacific Coast of Southern California.
The Silver Strand Training Complex is an integrated set of training
areas located on and adjacent to the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy
isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The NOCAL
Range Complex consists of two separate areas located offshore of
central and northern California, one northwest of San Francisco and the
other southwest of Monterey Bay.
The SOCAL Range Complex expansion, which is new, and incorporation
of existing NOCAL Range Complex and the PMSR, are revisions for the
HCTT Study Area (formerly HSTT (Hawaii-Southern California Training and
Testing) Study Area) in this application (noting that take from
activities at PMSR are currently authorized under a separate rule (87
FR 40888, July 8, 2022)).
This proposed rule also incorporates areas along the Southern
California coastline from approximately Dana Point to Port Hueneme and
includes the new IHA allowing incidental take of marine mammals during
pile driving training activities at Port Hueneme (90 FR 20283, May 13,
2025).
Please refer to figure 1.1-1 of the application for a color map of
the HCTT Study Area and figure 2-1 through figure 2-17 for additional
maps of the range complexes, training and testing ranges, and other
notable areas. A summary of the HCTT Study Area Training and Testing
Ranges are provided in table 1.
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Table 1--HCTT Study Area Training and Testing Ranges
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spatial extent
Name Basic location (air, sea, and
undersea space)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hawaii Range Complex (HRC).... Ocean areas around 235,000 nmi\2\
main Hawaiian islands (80,602,744
from 16 degrees north ha).
latitude to 43
degrees north
latitude and from 150
degrees west
longitude to the
International Date
Line.
Temporary Operating Area (TOA) North and west from 2,000,000 nmi\2\
the island of (585,980,800
Kaua[revaps]i. ha).
Southern California Range Off San Diego County 217,000 nmi\2\
Complex (SOCAL). out to approximately (74,428,916
550 nmi (1,109 km). ha).
Silver Strand Training Complex Subset of areas within 16 nmi\2\ (5,488
San Diego Bay and ha).
adjacent to ocean out
to approximately 4
nmi.
Point Mugu Sea Range (PMSR)... Off Los Angeles and 36,000 nmi\2\
Ventura Counties out (12,347,654
to approximately 400 ha).
nmi.
Northern California Range Two separate areas 16,000 nmi\2\
Complex (NOCAL). located offshore of (5,487,846 ha).
central and northern
California, one
northwest of San
Francisco and the
other southwest of
Monterey Bay.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: nmi\2\ = square nautical miles, ha = hectares, nmi = nautical
miles, km = kilometer. Ports included in HCTT: San Diego Bay,
California; Port Hueneme, California; and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Detailed Description of the Specified Activity

The Action Proponents propose to conduct military readiness
activities within the HCTT Study Area and have been conducting military
readiness activities in the Study Area since the 1940s. The tempo and
types of military readiness activities have varied interannually due to
the introduction of new technologies, the evolving nature of
international events, advances in warfighting doctrine and procedures,
and changes in force structure (organization of vessels, weapons, and
personnel). Such developments influence the frequency, duration,
intensity, and location of required military readiness activities.
Primary Mission Areas
The Navy categorizes their activities into functional warfare areas
called primary mission areas, while the Coast Guard categorizes their
activities as operational mission programs. For the Navy, these
activities generally fall six primary mission areas (Coast Guard
mission areas are discussed below). The Navy mission areas with
activities that may result in take of marine mammals (and stressors
associated with training and testing activities within those mission
areas) include the following:
<bullet> Amphibious warfare (in-water detonations);
<bullet> Anti-submarine warfare (sonar and other transducers, in-
water detonations);
<bullet> Expeditionary warfare (in-water detonations, pile driving
and extraction);
<bullet> Mine warfare (sonar and other transducers, in-water
detonations);
<bullet> Surface warfare (in-water detonations and those occurring
at or near the surface); and
<bullet> Other (sonar and other transducers, air guns, vessel
movement, airborne noise from missile and target launches from San
Nicolas Island (SNI) and from shore-to-surface gunnery and missile and
aerial target launches from the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF),
unmanned systems training, and maintenance of ship and submarine sonar
at piers and at-sea).
Most Navy activities conducted in HCTT are categorized under one of
these primary mission areas; activities that do not fall within one of
these areas are listed as ``other activities.'' In addition, ship shock
(underwater detonations) trials, a specific Navy testing activity
related to vessel evaluation, would be conducted. The testing community
also categorizes most, but not all, of its testing activities under
these primary mission areas. The testing community has three additional
categories of activities: vessel evaluation (including ship shock
trials), unmanned systems (i.e., unmanned surface vehicles (USVs),
unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs)), and acoustic and oceanographic
science and technology.
The Action Proponents describe and analyze the effects of their
activities within the application (see the 2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS for
additional details). In their assessment, the Action Proponents
concluded that sonar and other transducers, explosives (in-water
detonations and those occurring at or near the surface), air guns,
land-based missile and target launches, and pile driving/extraction
were the stressors most likely to result in impacts on marine mammals
that qualify as harassment (and serious injury or mortality by
explosives or vessel strike) as defined under the MMPA. Therefore, the
Action Proponents' application provides their assessment of potential
effects from these stressors in terms of the primary warfare mission
areas in which they would be conducted.
The Coast Guard has four major national defense missions:
<bullet> Maritime intercept operations;
<bullet> Deployed port operations/security and defense;
<bullet> Peacetime engagement; and
<bullet> Environmental defense operations (including oil and
hazardous substance response).
The Coast Guard manages 6 major operational mission programs with
11 statutory missions, which includes defense readiness. As part of the
Coast Guard's defense mission, 14 U.S.C. 1 states the Coast Guard is
``at all times an armed force of the United States.'' As part of the
Joint Forces, the Coast Guard maintains its readiness to carry out
military operations in support of the policies and objectives of the
U.S. government. As an armed force, the Coast Guard trains and operates
in the joint military arena at any time and functions as a specialized
service under the Navy in time of war or when directed by the
President. Coast Guard service members are trained to respond
immediately to support military operations and national security.
Federal law created the framework for the relationship between the Navy
and the Coast Guard (10 U.S.C. 101; 14 U.S.C. 2 (7); 22 U.S.C. 2761; 50
U.S.C. 3004). To meet these statutory requirements and effectively
carry out these missions, the Coast Guard's air and surface units train
using realistic scenarios, including training with the Navy in their
primary mission areas. Every Coast Guard unit is trained to support all
statutory missions and, thus, trained to meet all mission requirements,
which includes their defense mission requirements. Since all Coast
Guard's missions generally entail the deployment of cutters or boats
and either fixed-wing or rotary aircraft, the Coast Guard training
requirements for one mission generally overlaps with the training
requirements of other missions. Thus, when the Coast Guard is training

[[Page 32123]]

for its defense mission, the same skill sets are utilized for its other
statutory missions.
The Coast Guard's defense mission does not involve use of low- or
mid-frequency active sonar (LFAS or MFAS), missiles, in-water
detonations, pile driving and vibratory extraction, or air guns that
would result in harassment of marine mammals.
The Army's mission is mandated by Federal law (10 U.S.C. 7062),
which requires an Army capable of, in conjunction with the other armed
forces:
<bullet> Preserving the peace and security, and providing for the
defense, of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and
any areas occupied by the United States;
<bullet> Supporting the national policies;
<bullet> Implementing the national objectives; and
<bullet> Overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts
that imperil the peace and security of the United States.
In general, the Army includes land combat and service forces, as
well as aviation and water transport. It shall be organized, trained,
and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to
operations on land. It is responsible for the preparation of land
forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as
otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint
mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of
the Army to meet the needs of war.
The Army is increasingly required to operate in the marine
environment and with the Navy and, therefore, have an increased
requirement to train in the maritime environment. The Army's activities
include only the use of explosives, and do not include the use of
sonars or other transducers, pile driving and vibratory extraction, or
air guns that would result in harassment of marine mammals.
Below, we provide additional detail for each of the applicable
primary mission areas.
Amphibious Warfare--
The mission of amphibious warfare is to project military power from
the sea to the shore (i.e., attack a threat on land by a military force
embarked on ships) through the use of naval firepower and expeditionary
landing forces. Amphibious warfare operations include Army, Navy, and
Marine Corps small unit reconnaissance or raid missions to large-scale
amphibious exercises involving multiple ships and aircraft combined
into a strike group.
Amphibious warfare training ranges from individual, crew, and small
unit events to large task force exercises. Individual and crew training
includes amphibious vehicles and naval gunfire support training. Such
training includes shore assaults, boat raids, airfield or port
seizures, reconnaissance, and disaster relief. Large-scale amphibious
exercises involve ship-to-shore maneuvers, naval fire support such as
shore bombardment, air strikes, shore-based missile and artillery
firing, and attacks on targets that are near friendly forces. Some
amphibious activities include firing at ships from shore in defense of
the amphibious objective.
Testing of guns, munitions, aircraft, ships, and amphibious vessels
and vehicles used in amphibious warfare are often integrated into
training activities and, in most cases, the systems are used in the
same manner in which they are used for training activities. Amphibious
warfare tests, when integrated with training activities or conducted
separately as full operational evaluations on existing amphibious
vessels and vehicles following maintenance, repair, or modernization,
may be conducted independently or in conjunction with other amphibious
ship and aircraft activities. Testing is performed to ensure effective
ship-to-shore coordination and transport of personnel, equipment, and
supplies. Tests may also be conducted periodically on other systems,
vessels, and aircraft intended for amphibious operations to assess
operability and to investigate efficacy of new technologies.
Anti-Submarine Warfare--
The mission of anti-submarine warfare is to locate, neutralize, and
defeat hostile submarine forces that threaten Navy forces. Anti-
submarine warfare is based on the principle that surveillance and
attack aircraft, ships, and submarines all search for hostile
submarines. These forces operate together or independently to gain
early warning and detection and to localize, track, target, and attack
submarine threats.
Anti-submarine warfare training addresses basic skills such as
detecting and classifying submarines, as well as evaluating sounds to
distinguish between enemy submarines and friendly submarines, ships,
and marine life. More advanced training integrates the full spectrum of
anti-submarine warfare from detecting and tracking a submarine to
attacking a target using either exercise torpedoes (i.e., torpedoes
that do not contain a warhead) or simulated weapons. These integrated
anti-submarine warfare training exercises are conducted in coordinated,
at-sea training events involving submarines, ships, and aircraft.
Testing of anti-submarine warfare systems is conducted to develop
new technologies and assess weapon performance and operability with new
systems and platforms, such as unmanned systems. Testing uses ships,
submarines, and aircraft to demonstrate capabilities of torpedoes,
missiles, countermeasure systems, and underwater surveillance and
communications systems. Tests may be conducted as part of a large-scale
fleet training event involving submarines, ships, fixed-wing aircraft,
and helicopters. These integrated training events offer opportunities
to conduct research and acquisition activities and to train aircrew in
the use of new or newly enhanced systems during a large-scale, complex
exercise.
Expeditionary Warfare--
The mission of expeditionary warfare is to provide security and
surveillance in the littoral (i.e., at the shoreline), riparian (i.e.,
along a river), or coastal environments. Expeditionary warfare is wide
ranging and includes defense of harbors, operation of remotely operated
vehicles, clearing obstacles, small boat attack, and boarding/seizure
operations.
Expeditionary warfare training activities conducted by the Action
Proponents include underwater construction team training, diver
propulsion device training and testing, parachute insertion, dive and
salvage operations, and insertion/extraction via air, surface, and
subsurface platforms, among others (see appendix A (Activity
Descriptions) of the 2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS for a full description of
the expeditionary warfare activities).
Mine Warfare--
The mission of mine warfare is to detect, classify, and avoid or
neutralize (i.e., disable) mines to protect U.S. ships and submarines,
and to maintain free access to ports and shipping lanes. Mine warfare
training for the Navy falls into two primary categories: mine detection
and classification, and mine countermeasure and neutralization. Mine
warfare also includes offensive mine laying to gain control of or deny
the enemy access to sea space. Naval mines can be laid by ships,
submarines, UUVs, or aircraft.
Mine warfare neutralization training includes exercises in which
aircraft, ships, submarines, underwater vehicles, unmanned vehicles, or
marine mammal detection systems search for mine shapes. Personnel train
to destroy or disable mines by attaching underwater

[[Page 32124]]

explosives to or near the mine or using remotely operated vehicles to
destroy the mine. Towed influence mine sweep systems mimic a particular
ship's magnetic and acoustic signature, which would trigger a real mine
causing it to explode.
Testing and development of mine warfare systems is conducted to
improve sonar, laser, and magnetic detectors intended to hunt, locate,
and record the positions of mines for avoidance or subsequent
neutralization. Mine detection and classification testing involves the
use of air, surface, and subsurface vessels and uses sonar, including
towed and side-scan sonar, and unmanned vehicles to locate and identify
objects underwater. Mine detection and classification systems are
sometimes used in conjunction with a mine neutralization system. Mine
countermeasure and neutralization testing includes the use of air,
surface, and subsurface units and uses tracking devices, countermeasure
and neutralization systems, and general purpose bombs to evaluate the
effectiveness of neutralizing mine threats. Most neutralization tests
use mine shapes, or non-explosive practice mines, to accomplish the
requirements of the activity. For example, during a mine neutralization
test, a previously located mine is destroyed or rendered nonfunctional
using a helicopter or manned surface vehicle/USV-based system that may
involve the deployment of a towed neutralization system.
A small percentage of mine warfare testing activities require the
use of high-explosive mines to evaluate and confirm the ability of the
system to neutralize a high-explosive mine under operational
conditions. Only a subset of all mine warfare training areas are
approved for underwater explosive use (see figures 2-5, 2-11, and 2-12
of the application). The majority of mine warfare systems are deployed
by ships, helicopters, and unmanned vehicles. Tests may also be
conducted in support of scientific research to support these new
technologies (see appendix H (Description of Systems and Ranges) of the
2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS for additional details).
Surface Warfare--
The mission of surface warfare is to obtain control of sea space
from which naval forces may operate and entails offensive action
against surface and subsurface targets while also defending against
enemy forces. In surface warfare, aircraft use guns, air-launched
cruise missiles, or other precision-guided munitions; ships employ
naval guns and surface-to-surface missiles; and submarines attack
surface ships using torpedoes or submarine-launched, anti-ship cruise
missiles.
Surface warfare training includes Navy, Coast Guard, and Army
surface-to-surface gunnery and missile exercises, air-to-surface
gunnery, bombing, and missile exercises, submarine missile or torpedo
launch events, other munitions against surface targets, and amphibious
operations in a contested environment.
Testing of weapons used in surface warfare is conducted to develop
new technologies and to assess weapon performance and operability with
new systems and platforms, such as unmanned systems. Tests include
various air-to-surface guns and missiles, surface-to-surface guns and
missiles, and bombing tests. Testing events may be integrated into
training activities to test aircraft or aircraft systems in the
delivery of ordnance on a surface target. In most cases the tested
systems are used in the same manner in which they are used for training
activities.
Other Training Activities--
Other training activities are conducted in the HCTT Study Area that
fall outside of the primary mission areas but support overall
readiness. These activities include sonar and other transducers, vessel
movement, missile and target launch noise from locations on SNI and
PMRF, artillery firing noise from shore to surface gunnery at PMRF,
unmanned systems training, and maintenance of ship and submarine sonar
at piers and at-sea.
Overview of Training Activities Within the Study Area
The Action Proponents routinely train in the HCTT Study Area in
preparation for national defense missions. Training activities and
exercises covered in this proposed rule are briefly described below and
in more detail within appendix A (Activity Descriptions) of the 2024
HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS. The description, annual number of activities, and
location of each training activity are provided by stressor category in
table 2 through table 5. Each training activity described meets a
requirement that can be traced ultimately to requirements set forth by
the National Command Authority.
Within the Navy, a major training exercise (MTE) is comprised of
multiple ``unit-level'' range exercises conducted by several units
operating together while commanded and controlled by a single
commander. These units are collectively referred to as carrier and
expeditionary strike groups. These exercises typically employ an
exercise scenario developed to train and evaluate the strike group in
tactical naval tasks. In a MTE, most of the operations and activities
being directed and coordinated by the strike group commander are
identical in nature to the operations conducted during individual,
crew, and smaller unit-level training events. However, in MTEs, these
disparate training tasks are conducted in concert rather than in
isolation. Some integrated or coordinated anti-submarine warfare
exercises are similar in that they are composed of several unit-level
exercises but are generally on a smaller scale than a MTE, are shorter
in duration, use fewer assets, and use fewer hours of hull-mounted
sonar per exercise. Coordinated training exercises involve multiple
units working together to meet unit-level training requirements,
whereas integrated training exercises involve multiple units working
together in preparation for deployment. Coordinated exercises involving
the use of sonar are presented under the category of anti-submarine
warfare. The anti-submarine warfare portions of these exercises are
considered together in coordinated activities for the sake of acoustic
modeling. When other training objectives are being met, those
activities are described via unit-level training in each of the
relevant primary mission areas.
With a smaller fleet of approximately 250 cutters, Coast Guard
activities are not as extensive as Navy activities due to differing
mission requirements. However, the Coast Guard does train with the Navy
and conducts some of the same training as the Navy. The Coast Guard
does not conduct any exercises similar in scale to Navy MTEs/integrated
exercises, and the use of mid- or low-frequency sonar, missiles, and
underwater detonations are examples of actions that are not a part of
the Coast Guard's mission requirements. Coast Guard training generally
occurs close to the vessel homeport or close to shore, on established
Navy training and testing ranges, or in transit to a scheduled patrol/
mission. There are approximately 1,600 Coast Guard vessels (cutters up
to 418 feet (ft); 127.4 meters (m) and boats less than 65 ft (19.8 m)),
and the largest cutters would be underway for 3-4 months, whereas the
smaller cutters would be underway from a few days to 4 weeks. Within
California, there are approximately 20 cutters homeported. Cutters are
defined as vessels larger than 65 ft (19.8 m). The service has about
1,680 boats nation-wide altogether. These craft include heavy weather
response boats, special purpose craft,

[[Page 32125]]

aids-to-navigation (ATON) boats, and cutter-based boats. Sizes range
from 64 ft (29.5 m) in length down to 12 ft (3.7 m). There are
approximately 100 boats in California but the number of boats varies.
Within Hawaii, the Coast Guard has eight cutters and an unspecified
number of small boats homeported.
The MTEs and integrated/coordinated training activities analyzed
for this request are Navy-led exercises in which the Coast Guard may
participate and described in table 2. For additional information on
these activities see table 1-8 of the application and appendix A
(Activity Descriptions) of the 2024 HCTT Draft EIS/OEIS. Table 3
describes the proposed Navy training activities analyzed within the
HCTT Study Area while table 4 describes the proposed Coast Guard
training activities analyzed within the HCTT Study Area and table 5
describes the Army training activities analyzed within the HCTT Study
Area. In addition to participating in Navy-led exercises, Coast Guard
and Army training activities include unit-level activities conducted
independently of, and not in coordination with, the Navy.

Table 2--MTEs and Integrated/Coordinated Training Activities Analyzed Within the HCTT Study Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typical
hull-mounted
Training type Exercise group Description Scale Duration Location (range Exercise sonar per
complex) examples event
(hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major Training Exercise....... Large Integrated Larger-scale, Greater than 6 Generally SOCAL, PMSR, HRC Strike Group >500
ASW. longer duration surface ASW greater than 10 COMPUTEX,
integrated ASW units (up to 30 days. RIMPAC.
exercises. with the
largest
exercises), 2
or more
submarines,
multiple ASW
aircraft.
Major Training Exercise....... Medium Medium-scale, Approximately 3- Generally 4-10 SOCAL, PMSR, HRC Task Force/ 100-500
Integrated ASW. medium duration 8 surface ASW days. Sustainment
integrated ASW units, at least Exercise, Multi-
exercises. 1 submarine, Warfare
multiple ASW Exercise.
aircraft.
Integrated/Coordinated Small Integrated Small-scale, Approximately 3- Generally less SOCAL, HRC...... SWATT, NUWTAC... 50-100
Training. ASW. short duration 6 surface ASW than 5 days.
integrated ASW units, 2
exercises. dedicated
submarines, 2-6
ASW aircraft.
Integrated/Coordinated Medium Medium-scale, Approximately 2- Generally 3-10 SOCAL, HRC...... SCC, Fleet <100
Training. Coordinated ASW. medium 4 surface ASW days. Battle Problem,
duration, units, possibly TACDEVEX.
coordinated ASW a submarine, 2-
exercises. 5 ASW aircraft.
Integrated/Coordinated Small Small-scale, Approximately 2- Generally 2-4 SOCAL, HRC...... ID CERTEX....... <50
Training. Coordinated ASW. short duration, 4 surface ASW days.
coordinated ASW units, possibly
exercises. a submarine, 1-
2 ASW aircraft.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ASW = Anti-Submarine Warfare, HRC = Hawaii Range Complex, ID CERTEX = Independent Deployer Certification Exercise, NUWTAC = Naval Undersea Warfare
Training Assessment Course, PMSR = Point Mugu Sea Range Overlap, RIMPAC = Rim of the Pacific, SCC = Submarine Commanders Course, SOCAL = Southern
California Range Complex, SWATT = Surface Warfare Advanced Tactical Training, TACDEVEX = Tactical Development Exercise.

Table 3--Proposed Navy Training Activities Analyzed Within the HCTT Study Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Number of
Stressor category Activity type Activity name Description Source bin activities activities Location
1-year 7-year
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acoustic...................... Major Training Composite Aircraft carrier LFH, MF to HF, 1-2 11 Hawaii, SOCAL,
Exercise--Large Training Unit and carrier air MF1, MFH, MFM. PMSR, NOCAL.
Integrated ASW. Exercise. wing integrates
with surface and
submarine units
in a challenging
multi-threat
operational
environment that
certifies them
ready to deploy.
Duration: 21
days.
Acoustic...................... Major Training Rim of the A biennial HFH, MF1, MFH, 0-1 4 Hawaii, SOCAL.
Exercise--Large Pacific Exercise. multinational MFM.
Integrated ASW. training
exercise in
which navies
from around the
world assemble
in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii, to
conduct training
throughout the
Hawaiian Islands
in a number of
warfare areas.
Marine mammal
systems may be
used during a
Rim of the
Pacific
exercise.
Components of a
Rim of the
Pacific
exercise, such
as certain mine
warfare and
amphibious
training, may be
conducted in the
Southern
California Range
Complex.
Duration: 30
days.

[[Page 32126]]

Acoustic...................... Major Training Task Force/ Aircraft carrier LFH, MF to HF, 0-1 3 Hawaii.
Exercise--Medium Sustainment and carrier air MF1, MFH, MFM.
Integrated ASW. Exercise. wing integrates
with surface and
submarine units
in a challenging
multi-threat
operational
environment to
maintain ability
to deploy.
Duration: 10
days.
Acoustic...................... Major Training Task Force/ Aircraft carrier LFH, MF to HF, 0-1 3 SOCAL, PMSR,
Exercise--Medium Sustainment and carrier air MF1, MFH, MFM. NOCAL.
Integrated ASW. Exercise. wing integrates
with surface and
submarine units
in a challenging
multi-threat
operational
environment to
maintain ability
to deploy.
Duration: 10
days.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Composite Navy and USMC LFH, MF to HF, 1-2 10 Hawaii, SOCAL,
Coordinated ASW. Training Unit forces conduct MF1, MFH, MFM. PMSR, NOCAL.
Exercise--Amphib integration
ious Ready Group/ training at sea
Marine in preparation
Expeditionary for deployment.
Unit. Duration: 3
weeks.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Independent Multiple ships, MF to HF, MF1, 8-19 89 SOCAL, PMSR,
Coordinated ASW. Deployer aircraft, and MFH, MFM. NOCAL.
Certification submarines
Exercise/ conduct
Tailored Surface integrated multi-
Warfare Training. warfare training
with a surface
warfare
emphasis. Serves
as a ready-to-
deploy
certification
for individual
surface ships
tasked with
surface warfare
missions.
Duration: 2-3
days.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Medium Multiple ships, MF to HF, MF1, 12-17 99 Hawaii.
Coordinated ASW. Coordinated ASW. aircraft, and MFH, MFM.
submarines
integrate the
use of their
sensors,
including
sonobuoys and
unmanned
systems, to
search, detect,
and track threat
submarines;
event may
include inert
torpedo firings.
Duration: 3-10
days.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Medium Multiple ships, MF to HF, MF1, 5-13 59 SOCAL, PMSR,
Coordinated ASW. Coordinated ASW. aircraft, and MFH, MFM. NOCAL.
submarines
integrate the
use of their
sensors,
including
sonobuoys and
unmanned
systems, to
search, detect,
and track threat
submarines;
event may
include inert
torpedo firings.
Duration: 3-10
days.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Small Joint Typically, a 5- LFH, MF to HF, 1 7 Hawaii.
Coordinated ASW. Coordinated ASW. day exercise MF1, MFH, MFM.
with multiple
ships, aircraft
and submarines
integrating the
use of their
sensors,
including
sonobuoys, to
search, detect,
and track threat
submarines.
Duration: 5 days.
Acoustic...................... Integrated/ Small Joint Typically, a 5- LFH, MF to HF, 4-9 43 SOCAL, PMSR,
Coordinated ASW. Coordinated ASW. day exercise MF1, MFH, MFM. NOCAL.
with multiple
ships, aircraft
and submarines
integrating the
use of their
sensors,
including
sonobuoys, to
search, detect,
and track threat
submarines.
Duration: 5 days.
Explosive..................... Integrated/ Large Amphibious The Large E9............... 0-1 2 Hawaii.
Coordinated Exercise. Amphibious
Training--Other. Exercise
utilizes all
elements of the
Marine Air
Ground Task
Force
(Amphibious) to
secure the
battlespace
(air, land, and
sea), maneuver
to and seize the
objective, and
conduct self-
sustaining
operations
ashore with
logistic support
of the
Expeditionary
Strike Group.
This exercise
could include
manned and
unmanned
activities in
multiple warfare
areas to secure
the battlespace
(air, land, and
sea) and
maneuver and
secure
operations
ashore.
Duration: 1 week.

[[Page 32127]]

Explosive..................... Integrated/ Large Amphibious The Large E9............... 2-4 20 SOCAL, PMSR,
Coordinated Exercise. Amphibious NOCAL.
Training--Other. Exercise
utilizes all
elements of the
Marine Air
Ground Task
Force
(Amphibious) to
secure the
battlespace
(air, land, and
sea), maneuver
to and seize the
objective, and
conduct self-
sustaining
operations
ashore with
logistic support
of the
Expeditionary
Strike Group.
This exercise
could include
manned and
unmanned
activities in
multiple warfare
areas to secure
the battlespace
(air, land, and
sea) and
maneuver and
secure
operations
ashore.
Duration: 1 week.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Integrated/ Innovation and These exercises E5, HFH, LF to 0-1 4 Hawaii.
Coordinated Demonstration are conducted to HF, LFH, MF to
Training--Other. Exercise. demonstrate or HF, MF1, MFH,
test new MFM.
capabilities,
tactics,
techniques, and
procedures; and
generate
standardized,
actionable data
for evaluation.
Duration: 1 week.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Integrated/ Innovation and These exercises E5, HFH, LF to 3 16 SOCAL.
Coordinated Demonstration are conducted to HF, LFH, MF to
Training--Other. Exercise. demonstrate or HF, MF1, MFH,
test new MFM.
capabilities,
tactics,
techniques, and
procedures; and
generate
standardized,
actionable data
for evaluation.
Duration: 1 week.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Integrated/ Innovation and These exercises E5, HFH, LF to 1 7 Transit Corridor.
Coordinated Demonstration are conducted to HF, LFH, MF to
Training--Other. Exercise. demonstrate or HF, MF1, MFH,
test new MFM.
capabilities,
tactics,
techniques, and
procedures; and
generate
standardized,
actionable data
for evaluation.
Duration: 1 week.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Integrated/ Multi-Warfare Live training E5, HFH, LF to 2 12 Hawaii.
Coordinated Exercise. events which HF, LFH, MF to
Training--Other. could involve HF, MF1, MFH,
U.S., Joint, and MFM.
coalition forces
operating across
all warfare
areas (e.g.,
amphibious,
electronic and
cyber, air,
surface, sub-
surface, special
warfare, and
expeditionary)
with manned and
unmanned
platforms.
Events could be
comprised of
small units up
to and including
Carrier and
Amphibious
Strike Groups.
Live-fire events
could be ship-to-
shore, shore-to-
offshore target,
and ship-to-ship
utilizing live
ordnance and
laser systems.
Duration: 1-5
days.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Integrated/ Multi-Warfare Live training E5, HFH, LF to 6-7 43 SOCAL, PMSR.
Coordinated Exercise. events which HF, LFH, MF to
Training--Other. could involve HF, MF1, MFH,
U.S., Joint, and MFM.
coalition forces
operating across
all warfare
areas (e.g.,
amphibious,
electronic and
cyber, air,
surface, sub-
surface, special
warfare, and
expeditionary)
with manned and
unmanned
platforms.
Events could be
comprised of
small units up
to and including
Carrier and
Amphibious
Strike Groups.
Live-fire events
could be ship-to-
shore, shore-to-
offshore target,
and ship-to-ship
utilizing live
ordnance and
laser systems.
Duration: 1-5
days.

[[Page 32128]]

Explosive..................... Amphibious Amphibious Navy and Marine E2............... 15 105 Hawaii.
Warfare. Operations in a Corps forces
Contested conduct
Environment. operations in
coastal and
offshore
waterways
against air,
surface, and
subsurface
threats.
Duration: 1-2
weeks.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Amphibious Navy and Marine E2............... 10 70 SOCAL, SSTC.
Warfare. Operations in a Corps forces
Contested conduct
Environment. operations in
coastal and
offshore
waterways
against air,
surface, and
subsurface
threats.
Duration: 1-2
weeks.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Naval Surface Surface ship E5............... 20-25 155 Hawaii.
Warfare. Fire Support crews fire large-
Exercise-At Sea. caliber guns at
a passive
acoustic
hydrophone
scoring system.
Duration: 1-2
hours of firing,
8 hours total.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Shore-to-Surface Amphibious land- E6............... 1 7 PMRF.
Warfare. Artillery based forces
Exercise. fire artillery
guns at surface
targets.
Duration: 1-2
hours of firing,
8 hours total.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Shore-to-Surface Amphibious land- E6............... 12 84 SCI.
Warfare. Artillery based forces
Exercise. fire artillery
guns at surface
targets.
Duration: 1-2
hours of firing,
8 hours total.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Shore-to-Surface Amphibious land- E9............... 4 28 PMRF.
Warfare. Missile Exercise. based forces
fire anti-
surface
missiles,
rockets, and
loitering
munitions at
surface targets.
Duration: 1-2
hours of firing,
8 hours total.
Explosive..................... Amphibious Shore-to-Surface Amphibious land- E9............... 15 105 SCI.
Warfare. Missile Exercise. based forces
fire anti-
surface
missiles,
rockets, and
loitering
munitions at
surface targets.
Duration: 1-2
hours of firing,
8 hours total.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Helicopter crews HFH, MFH, MFM.... 3-5 27 BARSTUR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo search for,
Exercise--Helico track, and
pter. detect
submarines.
Recoverable air
launched
torpedoes are
employed against
submarine
targets.
Duration: 2-5
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Helicopter crews HFH, MFH, MFM.... 3-5 27 SOAR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo search for,
Exercise--Helico track, and
pter. detect
submarines.
Recoverable air
launched
torpedoes are
employed against
submarine
targets.
Duration: 2-5
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Maritime patrol HFH, MFM......... 20-80 320 BARSTUR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo aircraft
Exercise--Mariti aircrews search
me Patrol for, track, and
Aircraft. detect
submarines.
Recoverable air
launched
torpedoes are
employed against
submarine
targets.
Duration: 2-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Maritime patrol HFH, MFM......... 60-80 480 SOAR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo aircraft
Exercise--Mariti aircrews search
me Patrol for, track, and
Aircraft. detect
submarines.
Recoverable air
launched
torpedoes are
employed against
submarine
targets.
Duration: 2-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Surface ship HFH, MF to HF, 34 238 BARSTUR, BSUR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo crews search MF1.
Exercise--Ship. for, track, and
detect
submarines.
Exercise
torpedoes are
used. Duration:
2-5 hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Surface ship HFH, MF to HF, 104 728 SOAR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo crews search MF1.
Exercise--Ship. for, track, and
detect
submarines.
Exercise
torpedoes are
used. Duration:
2-5 hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Submarine crews HFH, LF to HF, 48 336 BARSTUR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo search for, MFH.
Exercise--Submar track, and
ine. detect
submarines.
Exercise
torpedoes are
used. Duration:
8 hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Submarine crews HFH, LF to HF, 26 182 SOAR.
Warfare. Warfare Torpedo search for, MFH.
Exercise--Submar track, and
ine. detect
submarines.
Exercise
torpedoes are
used. Duration:
8 hours.

[[Page 32129]]

Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Helicopter crews MFH, MFM......... 125-130 890 Hawaii.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking search for,
Exercise--Helico track, and
pter. detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Helicopter crews MFH, MFM......... 125-130 890 SOCAL, PMSR.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking search for,
Exercise--Helico track, and
pter. detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Unmanned surface MFM.............. 5 35 Hawaii.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking vessels search
Exercise--Long- for, detect, and
Range unmanned track a sub-
Surface Vessel. surface target
simulating a
threat submarine
with the goal of
determining a
firing solution
that could be
used to launch a
torpedo.
Duration: 1 day.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Unmanned surface MFM.............. 2 14 SOCAL.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking vessels search
Exercise--Long- for, detect, and
Range unmanned track a sub-
Surface Vessel. surface target
simulating a
threat submarine
with the goal of
determining a
firing solution
that could be
used to launch a
torpedo.
Duration: 1 day.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Maritime patrol LFH, LFM, MFM.... 150-200 1,200 Hawaii.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking aircraft
Exercise--Mariti aircrews search
me Patrol for, track, and
Aircraft. detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Maritime patrol LFH, LFM, MFM.... 200 1,400 SOCAL, PMSR.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking aircraft
Exercise--Mariti aircrews search
me Patrol for, track, and
Aircraft. detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Surface ship MF to HF, MF1, 60-119 595 Hawaii.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking crews search MFH.
Exercise--Ship. for, track, and
detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Surface ship MF to HF, MF1, 240-480 2,400 SOCAL, PMSR.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking crews search MFH.
Exercise--Ship. for, track, and
detect
submarines.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Submarine crews HFH, MFH......... 200 1,400 Hawaii.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking search for,
Exercise--Submar track, and
ine. detect
submarines.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Submarine crews HFH, MFH......... 60 420 SOCAL, PMSR,
Warfare. Warfare Tracking search for, NOCAL.
Exercise--Submar track, and
ine. detect
submarines.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Anti-Submarine Anti-Submarine Submarine crews HFH, MFH......... 9 63 Transit Corridor.
Warfare. Warfare Tracking search for,
Exercise--Submar track, and
ine. detect
submarines.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Anti-Submarine Training and End- A submarine E11, HFH, HFM, 2 14 BARSTUR.
Warfare. to-End Mission launches MFH.
Capability exercise and
Verification--To explosive
rpedo. torpedoes at a
suspended
target.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Anti-Submarine Training and End- A submarine E11, HFH, HFM, 1 7 SOAR.
Warfare. to-End Mission launches MFH.
Capability exercise and
Verification--To explosive
rpedo. torpedoes at a
suspended
target.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Expeditionary Port Damage Navy Pile Driving..... 12 84 Port Hueneme.
Warfare. Repair. Expeditionary
forces train to
repair critical
port facilities.
Duration: 8
hours per day
for 5 days.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E2............... 40 280 FORACS.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E2............... 10 70 Lima Landing.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E2............... 10 70 Pearl Peninsula.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E6............... 10 70 Pu'uloa.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.

[[Page 32130]]

Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E2............... 100-150 850 SOCAL.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Obstacle Trains forces to E10.............. 6 42 SCI.
Warfare. Clearance. create cleared
lanes in
simulated enemy
obstacle systems
to allow
friendly forces
safe transit
from sea to
shore. Duration:
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 8 56 FORACS.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into a
Extraction--Air. water objective
via fixed-wing
aircraft using
parachutes or by
helicopters via
ropes or jumping
into the water.
Personnel are
extracted by
helicopters or
small boats.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 26 182 Pearl Peninsula.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into a
Extraction--Air. water objective
via fixed-wing
aircraft using
parachutes or by
helicopters via
ropes or jumping
into the water.
Personnel are
extracted by
helicopters or
small boats.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 500 3,500 Hawaii.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into a
Extraction--Air. water objective
via fixed-wing
aircraft using
parachutes or by
helicopters via
ropes or jumping
into the water.
Personnel are
extracted by
helicopters or
small boats.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 854-954 6,278 SOCAL.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into a
Extraction--Air. water objective
via fixed-wing
aircraft using
parachutes or by
helicopters via
ropes or jumping
into the water.
Personnel are
extracted by
helicopters or
small boats.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 500-600 3,800 SSTC.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into a
Extraction--Air. water objective
via fixed-wing
aircraft using
parachutes or by
helicopters via
ropes or jumping
into the water.
Personnel are
extracted by
helicopters or
small boats.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 270-336 2,088 Hawaii.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into
Extraction--Surf and extracted
ace and from an
subsurface. objective area
by small boats
or subsurface
platforms.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Personnel are E1............... 1,049-1,149 7,643 SOCAL.
Warfare. Insertion/ inserted into
Extraction--Surf and extracted
ace and from an
subsurface. objective area
by small boats
or subsurface
platforms.
Duration: 2-4
hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Divers and E1............... 495 3,465 Hawaii
Warfare. Insertion/ swimmers
Extraction infiltrate
Training--Swimme harbors,
r/Diver. beaches, or
moored vessels
and conduct a
variety of
tasks. Duration:
up to 12 hours.
Explosive..................... Expeditionary Personnel Divers and E1............... 1,080-1,280 8,160 SOCAL.
Warfare. Insertion/ swimmers
Extraction infiltrate
Training--Swimme harbors,
r/Diver. beaches, or
moored vessels
and conduct a
variety of
tasks. Duration:
up to 12 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Amphibious Amphibious forces E6............... 100 700 Hawaii.
Breaching use explosive
Operations. clearing systems
to clear
simulated mines
on beaches,
shallow water,
and surf zones
for potential
landing of
personnel and
vehicles.
Duration: 8
hours.

[[Page 32131]]

Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Amphibious Amphibious forces E6............... 275 1,925 SOCAL.
Breaching use explosive
Operations. clearing systems
to clear
simulated mines
on beaches,
shallow water,
and surf zones
for potential
landing of
personnel and
vehicles.
Duration: 8
hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Amphibious Amphibious forces E6............... 315 2,205 SSTC.
Breaching use explosive
Operations. clearing systems
to clear
simulated mines
on beaches,
shallow water,
and surf zones
for potential
landing of
personnel and
vehicles.
Duration: 8
hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Amphibious Amphibious forces E6............... 48-55 357 SWAT 2.
Breaching use explosive
Operations. clearing systems
to clear
simulated mines
on beaches,
shallow water,
and surf zones
for potential
landing of
personnel and
vehicles.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Civilian Port Maritime security E4, HFH, HFM, MFH 1-2 10 Hawaii.
Defense-Homeland personnel train
Security Anti- to protect
Terrorism/Force civilian ports
Protection against enemy
Exercise. efforts to
interfere with
access to those
ports. Duration:
multiple days.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Civilian Port Maritime security E4, HFH, HFM, MFH 1-2 11 SOCAL.
Defense-Homeland personnel train
Security Anti- to protect
Terrorism/Force civilian ports
Protection against enemy
Exercise. efforts to
interfere with
access to those
ports. Duration:
multiple days.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Civilian Port Maritime security E4, HFH, HFM, MFH 1-2 9 PMSR.
Defense-Homeland personnel train
Security Anti- to protect
Terrorism/Force civilian ports
Protection against enemy
Exercise. efforts to
interfere with
access to those
ports. Duration:
multiple days.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Limpet Mine Navy Explosive E0, E3........... 6-8 48 Lima Landing.
Neutralization Ordnance
System. Disposal divers
place a small
charge on a
simulated
underwater mine.
Duration: 2
hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Limpet Mine Navy Explosive E0, E3........... 138-150 1,002 SOCAL.
Neutralization Ordnance
System. Disposal divers
place a small
charge on a
simulated
underwater mine.
Duration: 2
hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Limpet Mine Navy Explosive E0, E3........... 42-44 300 SSTC.
Neutralization Ordnance
System. Disposal divers
place a small
charge on a
simulated
underwater mine.
Duration: 2
hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship crews detect HFH, MF1K........ 30 210 Hawaii.
Countermeasure and avoid mines
Exercise--Ship while navigating
Sonar. restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship crews detect HFH, MF1K........ 42 294 Pearl Harbor.
Countermeasure and avoid mines
Exercise--Ship while navigating
Sonar. restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship crews detect HFH, MF1K........ 92 644 SOCAL.
Countermeasure and avoid mines
Exercise--Ship while navigating
Sonar. restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship crews detect HFH, MF1K........ 164 1,148 San Diego Bay.
Countermeasure and avoid mines
Exercise--Ship while navigating
Sonar. restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship, small boat, E4, HFM.......... 7-8 52 Hawaii MTRs.
Countermeasures and helicopter
Mine crews locate and
Neutralization disable mines
Remotely using remotely
Operated Vehicle. operated
underwater
vehicles.
Duration: 1-4
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship, small boat, E4, HFM.......... 11 74 SOCAL.
Countermeasures and helicopter
Mine crews locate and
Neutralization disable mines
Remotely using remotely
Operated Vehicle. operated
underwater
vehicles.
Duration: 1-4
hours.

[[Page 32132]]

Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship, small boat, E4, HFM.......... 6 42 SSTC.
Countermeasures and helicopter
Mine crews locate and
Neutralization disable mines
Remotely using remotely
Operated Vehicle. operated
underwater
vehicles.
Duration: 1-4
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship, small boat, E4, HFM.......... 3-6 30 TAR 2.
Countermeasures and helicopter
Mine crews locate and
Neutralization disable mines
Remotely using remotely
Operated Vehicle. operated
underwater
vehicles.
Duration: 1-4
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Mine Warfare..... Mine Ship, small boat, E4, HFM.......... 11 74 SCORE.
Countermeasures and helicopter
Mine crews locate and
Neutralization disable mines
Remotely using remotely
Operated Vehicle. operated
underwater
vehicles.
Duration: 1-4
hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Personnel disable E6............... 5-7 41 Hawaii.
Neutralization threat mines
Explosive using explosive
Ordnance charges.
Disposal. Duration: up to
4 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Personnel disable E6............... 203-211 1,445 SOCAL.
Neutralization threat mines
Explosive using explosive
Ordnance charges.
Disposal. Duration: up to
4 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Personnel disable E6............... 17-25 143 SSTC.
Neutralization threat mines
Explosive using explosive
Ordnance charges.
Disposal. Duration: up to
4 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Mine Personnel disable E6............... 0-1 5 SWAT 2.
Neutralization threat mines
Explosive using explosive
Ordnance charges.
Disposal. Duration: up to
4 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Submarine Mine Submarine crews HFH, MF to HF, 80 560 Hawaii.
Counter Measure use active sonar VHFH.
Exercise. or UUVs, and
shore-based
personnel
operate UUVs to
detect and avoid
training mine
shapes or other
underwater
hazardous
objects.
Duration: 6
hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Submarine Mine Submarine crews HFH, MF to HF, 40 280 SOCAL.
Counter Measure use active sonar VHFH.
Exercise. or UUVs, and
shore-based
personnel
operate UUVs to
detect and avoid
training mine
shapes or other
underwater
hazardous
objects.
Duration: 6
hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Submarine Mobile Submarine crews HFL, HFM, MFM, 20 140 Hawaii.
Mine and Mine and shore-based VHFL.
Laying Exercise. personnel
operating a UUV
deploy exercise
(inert) mobile
mines or mines.
Duration: 6
hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Submarine Mobile Submarine crews HFL, HFM, MFM, 30 210 SOCAL, PMSR.
Mine and Mine and shore-based VHFL.
Laying Exercise. personnel
operating a UUV
deploy exercise
(inert) mobile
mines or mines.
Duration: 6
hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Surface Ship Ship crews detect MF1K............. 30 210 Hawaii.
Object Detection. and avoid mines
while navigating
restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Surface Ship Ship crews detect MF1K............. 42 294 Pearl Harbor.
Object Detection. and avoid mines
while navigating
restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Surface Ship Ship crews detect MF1K............. 92 644 SOCAL.
Object Detection. and avoid mines
while navigating
restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Acoustic...................... Mine Warfare..... Surface Ship Ship crews detect MF1K............. 164 1,148 San Diego Bay.
Object Detection. and avoid mines
while navigating
restricted areas
or channels
using active
sonar. Duration:
up to 15 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Underwater Navy divers E5, E6........... 5 35 Pu'uloa, Ewa
Demolition conduct various Beach, Barbers
Qualification levels of Point.
and training and
Certification. certification in
placing
underwater
demolition
charges.
Duration: up to
8 hours.

[[Page 32133]]

Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Underwater Navy divers E5, E6........... 10-20 100 TAR 2.
Demolition conduct various
Qualification levels of
and training and
Certification. certification in
placing
underwater
demolition
charges.
Duration: up to
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Underwater Navy divers E5, E6........... 24 168 SSTC.
Demolition conduct various
Qualification levels of
and training and
Certification. certification in
placing
underwater
demolition
charges.
Duration: up to
8 hours.
Explosive..................... Mine Warfare..... Underwater Units deploy E13.............. 6 42 TAR 2.
Demolitions large explosive
Multiple Charge-- systems from
Large Area vessels or
Clearance. vehicles to
destroy barriers
or obstacles
over an area
large enough to
allow amphibious
vehicles to
access beach
areas. Duration:
4 hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Bombing Exercise Fixed-wing E9, E10, E12..... 194 1,358 Hawaii.
Air-to-Surface. aircrews deliver
bombs against
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Bombing Exercise Fixed-wing E9, E10, E12..... 653 4,571 SOCAL.
Air-to-Surface. aircrews deliver
bombs against
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Bombing Exercise Fixed-wing E9, E10, E12..... 10 70 NOCAL.
Air-to-Surface. aircrews deliver
bombs against
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Small boat crews E1............... 10 70 Hawaii.
Surface-to- fire medium-
Surface Boat caliber guns at
Medium-Caliber. surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Small boat crews E1............... 14 98 SOCAL.
Surface-to- fire medium-
Surface Boat caliber guns at
Medium-Caliber. surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E3, E5........... 32 224 Hawaii.
Surface-to- crews fire large-
Surface Ship caliber guns at
Large-Caliber. surface targets.
Duration: up to
3 hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E3, E5........... 125 875 SOCAL.
Surface-to- crews fire large-
Surface Ship caliber guns at
Large-Caliber. surface targets.
Duration: up to
3 hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E3, E5........... 14 98 Transit Corridor.
Surface-to- crews fire large-
Surface Ship caliber guns at
Large-Caliber. surface targets.
Duration: up to
3 hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E1............... 5-50 170 Hawaii.
Surface-to- crews fire
Surface Ship medium-caliber
Medium-Caliber. guns at surface
targets.
Duration: 2-3
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E1............... 17-180 608 SOCAL.
Surface-to- crews fire
Surface Ship medium-caliber
Medium-Caliber. guns at surface
targets.
Duration: 2-3
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Gunnery Exercise Surface ship E1............... 6-40 144 Transit Corridor.
Surface-to- crews fire
Surface Ship medium-caliber
Medium-Caliber. guns at surface
targets.
Duration: 2-3
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Fixed-wing and E6, E7, E8, E9... 17-22 134 Hawaii.
Air-to-Surface. helicopter
aircrews fire
air-to-surface
missiles at
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Fixed-wing and E6, E7, E8, E9... 4-9 43 SOCAL.
Air-to-Surface. helicopter
aircrews fire
air-to-surface
missiles at
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Fixed-wing and E6, E7, E8, E9... 90 630 PMSR.
Air-to-Surface. helicopter
aircrews fire
air-to-surface
missiles at
surface targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Helicopter E3............... 109-129 823 Hawaii.
Air-to-Surface aircrews fire
Rocket. both precision-
guided and
unguided rockets
at surface
targets.
Duration: 1 hour.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Helicopter E3............... 251-271 1,817 SOCAL.
Air-to-Surface aircrews fire
Rocket. both precision-
guided and
unguided rockets
at surface
targets.
Duration: 1 hour.

[[Page 32134]]

Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Surface ship E9............... 28-32 208 Hawaii.
Surface-to- crews defend
Surface. against surface
threats (ships
or small boats)
and engage them
with missiles.
Duration: 2-5
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Missile Exercise Surface ship E9............... 10 70 SOCAL.
Surface-to- crews defend
Surface. against surface
threats (ships
or small boats)
and engage them
with missiles.
Duration: 2-5
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Sinking Exercise. Aircraft, ship, E5, E8, E9, E11, 2-3 17 Hawaii.
and submarine E12.
crews
deliberately
sink a seaborne
target, usually
a decommissioned
ship made
environmentally
safe for sinking
according to
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
standards, with
a variety of
ordnance.
Duration: 4-8
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Sinking Exercise. Aircraft, ship, E5, E8, E9, E11, 0-1 3 SOCAL.
and submarine E12.
crews
deliberately
sink a seaborne
target, usually
a decommissioned
ship made
environmentally
safe for sinking
according to
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
standards, with
a variety of
ordnance.
Duration: 4-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Surface Warfare.. Surface Warfare Submarine crews HFH.............. 30 210 Hawaii.
Torpedo search for,
Exercise--Submar detect, and
ine. track a surface
ship simulating
a threat surface
ship with the
goal of
determining a
firing solution
that could be
used to launch a
torpedo with the
intent to
simulate
destroying the
targets.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Surface Warfare.. Surface Warfare Submarine crews HFH.............. 10 70 SOCAL.
Torpedo search for,
Exercise--Submar detect, and
ine. track a surface
ship simulating
a threat surface
ship with the
goal of
determining a
firing solution
that could be
used to launch a
torpedo with the
intent to
simulate
destroying the
targets.
Duration: 8
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Training and End- Submarine crews E9, E10.......... 2 14 Hawaii.
to-End Mission launch
Capability missile(s) which
Verification--Su may have an
bmarine Missile explosive
Maritime. warhead at a
maritime target
simulating an
adversary
surface ship
with the goal of
destroying or
disabling
adversary
surface ship.
Duration: 8
hours.
Explosive..................... Surface Warfare.. Training and End- Submarine crews E9, E10.......... 3 21 SOCAL.
to-End Mission launch
Capability missile(s) which
Verification--Su may have an
bmarine Missile explosive
Maritime. warhead at a
maritime target
simulating an
adversary
surface ship
with the goal of
destroying or
disabling
adversary
surface ship.
Duration: 8
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Multi-Domain Multi-domain E5, E7, MF to HF, 50-100 500 Hawaii.
Activities. Unmanned (surface, VHFH.
Autonomous subsurface, and
Systems. airborne)
unmanned
autonomous
systems are
launched from
land, ships, and
boats, in
support of
intelligence,
surveillance,
and
reconnaissance
operations; and
deliver
munitions or
other non-
munition systems
to support
mission and
intelligence
requirements.
Duration: 4-8
hours.

[[Page 32135]]

Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Multi-Domain Multi-domain E5, E7, MF to HF, 55-105 535 Pyramid Cove,
Activities. Unmanned (surface, VHFH. SWATs.
Autonomous subsurface, and
Systems. airborne)
unmanned
autonomous
systems are
launched from
land, ships, and
boats, in
support of
intelligence,
surveillance,
and
reconnaissance
operations; and
deliver
munitions or
other non-
munition systems
to support
mission and
intelligence
requirements.
Duration: 4-8
hours.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Multi-Domain Multi-domain E5, E7, MF to HF, 50-100 500 SOCAL.
Activities. Unmanned (surface, VHFH.
Autonomous subsurface, and
Systems. airborne)
unmanned
autonomous
systems are
launched from
land, ships, and
boats, in
support of
intelligence,
surveillance,
and
reconnaissance
operations; and
deliver
munitions or
other non-
munition systems
to support
mission and
intelligence
requirements.
Duration: 4-8
hours.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Submarine crews HFH, MFH......... 220 1,540 Pearl Harbor.
Activities. Navigation operate sonar
Exercise. for navigation
and object
detection while
transiting into
and out of port
during reduced
visibility.
Duration: 2
hours.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Submarine crews HFH, MFH......... 80 560 San Diego Bay.
Activities. Navigation operate sonar
Exercise. for navigation
and object
detection while
transiting into
and out of port
during reduced
visibility.
Duration: 2
hours.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 260 1,820 Hawaii.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 260 1,820 Pearl Harbor.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 80 560 SOCAL.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 13 91 PMSR.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 92 644 San Diego Bay.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Sonar Maintenance of MFH.............. 10 70 Transit Corridor.
Activities. Maintenance and submarine sonar
Systems Checks. systems is
conducted
pierside or at
sea. Duration: 1
hour.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Under Submarine crews HFH.............. 12 84 Hawaii.
Activities. Ice Training and train to operate
Certification. under ice. Ice
conditions are
simulated during
training and
certification
events.
Duration: 5 days.
Acoustic...................... Other Training Submarine Under Submarine crews HFH.............. 6 42 SOCAL.
Activities. Ice Training and train to operate
Certification. under ice. Ice
conditions are
simulated during
training and
certification
events.
Duration: 5 days.

[[Page 32136]]

Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Submarine and UUV Submarine crews E3, VHFH......... 20 140 Hawaii.
Activities. Subsea and and shore-based
Seabed Warfare operators train
Exercise. to launch or
recover and
operate all
classes of UUVs
in the subsea
and seabed
environment in
order to defend
deep ocean and
seabed
infrastructure
or take
offensive action
against a
simulated
adversary's
subsea and
seabed
infrastructure.
Duration: 1 day.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Submarine and UUV Submarine crews E3, VHFH......... 10 70 SOCAL.
Activities. Subsea and and shore-based
Seabed Warfare operators train
Exercise. to launch or
recover and
operate all
classes of UUVs
in the subsea
and seabed
environment in
order to defend
deep ocean and
seabed
infrastructure
or take
offensive action
against a
simulated
adversary's
subsea and
seabed
infrastructure.
Duration: 1 day.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Submarine and UUV Submarine crews E3, VHFH......... 5 35 PMSR.
Activities. Subsea and and shore-based
Seabed Warfare operators train
Exercise. to launch or
recover and
operate all
classes of UUVs
in the subsea
and seabed
environment in
order to defend
deep ocean and
seabed
infrastructure
or take
offensive action
against a
simulated
adversary's
subsea and
seabed
infrastructure.
Duration: 1 day.
Acoustic and Explosive........ Other Training Submarine and UUV Submarine crews E3, VHFH......... 5 35 NOCAL.
Activities. Subsea and and shore-based
Seabed Warfare operators train
Exercise. to launch or
recover and
operate all
classes of UUVs
in the subsea
and seabed
environment in
order to defend
deep ocean and
seabed
infrastructure
or take
offensive action
against a
simulated
adversary's
subsea and
seabed
infrastructure.

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