Proposed Rule2025-12515
Air Plan Approval; Connecticut; 2014 and 2017 Periodic Emissions Inventory for 2008 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS
Primary source
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Published
July 7, 2025
Issuing agencies
Environmental Protection Agency
Abstract
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the State of Connecticut. These SIP revisions relate to the 2008 8-Hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The SIP revisions consist of the following: 2014 and 2017 calendar year periodic emissions inventories. This action is being taken under the Clean Air Act.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 127 (Monday, July 7, 2025)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 127 (Monday, July 7, 2025)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 29821-29826]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-12515]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA-R01-OAR-2025-0240; FRL-12861-01-R1]
Air Plan Approval; Connecticut; 2014 and 2017 Periodic Emissions
Inventory for 2008 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to
approve State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the
State of Connecticut. These SIP revisions relate to the 2008 8-Hour
ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The SIP revisions
consist of the following: 2014 and 2017 calendar year periodic
emissions inventories. This action is being taken under the Clean Air
Act.
DATES: Written comments must be received on or before August 6, 2025.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R01-
OAR-2025-0240 at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>, or via email to
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1a767376767369346a7b6e687379715a7f6a7b347d756c"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b1ddd8ddddd8c29fc1d0c5c3d8d2daf1d4c1d09fd6dec7">[email protected]</span></a>. For comments submitted at <a href="http://Regulations.gov">Regulations.gov</a>,
follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted,
comments cannot be edited or removed from <a href="http://Regulations.gov">Regulations.gov</a>. For either
manner of submission, the EPA may publish any comment received to its
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you
consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and
should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of
the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing
system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person
identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the full
EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please
visit <a href="https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets">https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets</a>. Publicly
available docket materials are available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>
or at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Region 1 Regional
Office, Air and Radiation Division, 5 Post Office Square--Suite 100,
Boston, MA. EPA requests that if at all possible, you contact the
contact listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section to
schedule your inspection.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Patrick Lillis, Air and Radiation
Division (Mail Code 5-MI), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--Region
1, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Boston, Massachusetts 02109-3912;
tel. (617) 918-1067, or by email at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4d21242121243e633d2c393f242e260d283d2c632a223b"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="670b0e0b0b0e1449170613150e040c2702170649000811">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,''
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA.
Table of Contents
I. Background
A. The 2008 Ozone NAAQS
B. Statutory and Regulatory Emission Inventory Requirements
II. State's Submittal
III. EPA's Evaluation
A. 2014 Periodic Emissions Inventory
B. 2017 Periodic Emissions Inventory
IV. Proposed Action
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. Background
Ozone is a gas that is formed by the reaction of Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO<INF>X</INF>) in the
atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Therefore, an emission
inventory for ozone focuses on the emissions of VOC and NO<INF>X</INF>,
referred to as ozone precursors. These precursors (VOC and
NO<INF>X</INF>) are emitted by many types of pollution sources,
including point sources such as power plants and industrial emissions
sources; on-road and off-road mobile sources (motor vehicles and
engines); and smaller residential and commercial sources, such as dry
cleaners, auto body shops, and household paints, collectively referred
to as nonpoint sources (also called area sources).
An emission inventory of ozone is an estimation of actual emissions
of air pollutants that contribute to the formation of ozone in an area.
The emissions inventory provides emissions data for a variety of air
quality planning tasks, including establishing baseline emission levels
for calculating emission reduction targets needed to attain the NAAQS,
determining emission inputs for ozone air quality modeling analyses,
and tracking emissions over time to determine progress toward meeting
Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) requirements.
A. The 2008 Ozone NAAQS
On March 12, 2008, the EPA revised both the primary and secondary
[[Page 29822]]
NAAQS \1\ for ozone to a level of 0.075 parts per million (ppm) to
provide increased protection of public health and the environment. (See
73 FR 16436, March 27, 2008). The 2008 ozone NAAQS retains the same
general form and averaging time as the 0.08 ppm NAAQS set in 1997 but
is set at a more protective level. Under the EPA's regulations, the
2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS is attained when the 3-year average of the
annual fourth highest daily maximum 8-hour average ambient air quality
ozone concentrations is less than or equal to 0.075 ppm.\2\
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\1\ The primary ozone standards provide protection for children,
older adults, and people with asthma or other lung diseases, and
other at-risk populations against an array of adverse health effects
that include reduced lung function, increased respiratory symptoms
and pulmonary inflammation; effects that contribute to emergency
department visits or hospital admissions; and mortality. The
secondary ozone standards protect against adverse effects to the
public welfare, including those related to impacts on sensitive
vegetation and forested ecosystems.
\2\ For a detailed explanation of the calculation of the 3-year
8-hour average, see 40 CFR part 50, appendix P.
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Effective July 20, 2012, the EPA designated as nonattainment any
area that was violating the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS based on the three
most recent years (2008-2010) of air monitoring data.\3\ With that
rulemaking, the Greater Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT areas were
designated as marginal ozone nonattainment areas. Areas that were
designated as marginal nonattainment were required to attain the 2008
8-hour ozone NAAQS no later than July 20, 2015, based on 2012-2014
monitoring data. Any state in which a marginal nonattainment area is
located is required to submit certain SIP elements to the EPA in
accordance with section 182(a) of the CAA.
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\3\ See 77 FR 30088, May 21, 2012.
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B. Statutory and Regulatory Emission Inventory Requirements
CAA sections 182(a)(1) and 182(a)(3)(A) require submission of base
year and periodic emissions inventories, respectively, for each ozone
nonattainment area.\4\ States are required to submit a periodic
inventory of emissions sources in the nonattainment areas to meet the
requirements of CAA Sec. 182(a)(3)(A), as specified in the Air
Emissions Reporting Requirements (AERR) at 40 CFR part 51, subpart A.
Each periodic inventory shall be submitted no later than the end of
each 3-year period after the required submission of the base year
inventory for the nonattainment area and this requirement shall apply
until the area is redesignated to attainment.\5\ The emissions value
included in the inventories shall be actual ozone season day emissions
as defined by Sec. 51.1100(cc).\6\ These requirements allow the EPA,
based on the states' progress in reducing emissions, to reassess its
policies and air quality standards periodically and revise them as
necessary. Most important, these inventories will be used to develop
and assess new control strategies that states may use in attainment
demonstration SIPs for ozone or other pollutants. The inventory may
also serve as part of statewide inventories for purposes of regional
modeling in transport areas, where the inventory plays an important
role in modeling demonstrations for areas classified as nonattainment
and outside transport regions.
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\4\ ``For each nonattainment area, the state shall submit a base
year inventory as defined by Sec. 51.1100(bb) to meet the emissions
inventory requirement of CAA section 182(a)(1). This inventory shall
be submitted no later than 24 months after the effective date of
designation. The inventory year shall be selected consistent with
the baseline year for the RFP plan as required by Sec.
51.1110(b).'' (40 CFR 51.115(a)).
\5\ CAA Sec. 182(a)(3)(A); 40 CFR 51.1115(b).
\6\ 40 CFR 51.1115(c); see also Implementation of the 2008
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone: State
Implementation Plan Requirements, 80 FR 12264 (March 6, 2015).
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II. State's Submittal
CAA Sections 182(a)(3) and 172(c)(3) require the periodic
submission of emissions inventories for the SIP planning process to
address SIP requirements applicable to ozone nonattainment areas in
each classification category. The Greater Connecticut and the
Connecticut portion of the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT areas were both originally designated marginal nonattainment
for the 2008 ozone NAAQS; initiating a two-year deadline to submit a
base year emissions inventory, followed by a periodic emissions
inventory every 3-years until the nonattainment areas attain the
standard.\7\ EPA approved Connecticut's Department of Energy and
Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) base year emissions inventory
revisions SIP for the 2008 ozone NAAQS on October 1, 2018.\8\
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\7\ See 77 FR 30088, May 21, 2012.
\8\ See 83 FR 49297, October 1, 2018.
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On May 3, 2024, CT DEEP submitted SIP revisions that included the
2014 and 2017 periodic emissions inventories for the Greater
Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the New York-Northern New
Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT ozone nonattainment areas. CT DEEP
submitted the inventory to meet the CAA section 182(a)(3)(A) obligation
to develop a periodic emission inventory every 3-years after the base
year inventory until the nonattainment areas are designated as
attainment for the NAAQS. The State conducted a public comment period
with a public hearing, and the State did not receive any comment during
the comment period or the hearing.
Both the 2014 and 2017 periodic emissions inventories include
annual and ozone season daily emissions for ozone precursors
(NO<INF>X</INF>, VOC, and CO) from all source categories (point,
nonpoint, on-road and nonroad mobile sources, and biogenic emissions)
in both the Greater Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the New
York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT nonattainment areas.
III. EPA's Evaluation
A. 2014 Periodic Emissions Inventory
EPA has reviewed Connecticut's 2014 periodic emissions inventory
for consistency with the CAA and regulatory periodic emissions
inventory requirements. Forty CFR 51.1115(b) provides that for each
nonattainment area, the state shall submit a periodic emission
inventory of emissions sources in the area to meet the requirement in
CAA section 182(a)(3)(A). Connecticut meets this requirement through CT
DEEP's submittal of a 2014 periodic emission inventory on May 3, 2024,
that included both nonattainment areas that are violating the 2008
ozone NAAQS.\9\ A copy of CT DEEP's 2014 periodic emission inventory is
located in the docket of this proposed rulemaking. Forty CFR 51.1115(c)
states that the emissions values included in periodic inventories shall
be actual ozone season day emissions as defined by Sec. 51.1100(cc).
Connecticut's submittal includes actual ozone season day emissions for
ozone precursors in both nonattainment areas.\10\ EPA's AERR outlines
emissions thresholds for point sources that states must report in their
periodic emission inventories.\11\ CT DEEP's submittal includes point
source emissions that meet or exceed the emission thresholds as defined
in the AERR.\12\ Furthermore, CT DEEP satisfies any additional
requirements of the AERR as defined in 40 CFR 51.1115(e) and in EPA
2017 emissions inventory
[[Page 29823]]
guidance \13\ within their 2014 periodic emissions inventory
submittal.\14\
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\9\ See State of Connecticut State SIP Revision Cover Letter.
\10\ See CT DEEP's 2014 Emission Inventory Submittal, 1-13--1-
15.
\11\ See 40 CFR part 51, subpart A, appendix A.
\12\ See CT DEEP's 2014 Emission Inventory Submittal, Section 2.
\13\ See Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of
Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations, May 2017, Section 3.5.1
(hereinafter, ``EPA Emissions Inventory Guidance'').
\14\ See CT DEEP's 2014 Emission Inventory Submittal.
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EPA also reviewed the techniques used by CT DEEP to derive and
quality assure the emission estimates used in preparing the 2014
periodic emission inventory. EPA found that CT DEEP followed EPA's 2017
Emissions Inventory guidance \15\ when developing their statewide 2014
periodic emission inventory. Connecticut documented the procedures used
to estimate the emissions for each of the major inventory source types
as well as CT DEEP's Quality assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)
checks to ensure 2014 emissions data are accurate.\16\ The
documentation of the emission estimation procedures was adequate for
EPA to determine that Connecticut followed acceptable procedures to
estimate emissions. Specifically, QA/QC checks were performed relative
to data collection and analysis and to double counting of emissions
from point, area, and mobile sources. CT DEEP performed QA/QC to ensure
accuracy of units, unit conversions, transposition of figures, and
calculations. For more information on CT DEEP's QA/QC procedures while
developing their 2014 emissions inventory, a copy of their submittal is
located in the docket of this proposed rulemaking.\17\
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\15\ See EPA Emissions Inventory Guidance, Section 3.5.
\16\ See CT DEEP's 2014 Emission Inventory Submittal, Sections
2.4, 2.4.3, and 6
\17\ See id.
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Connecticut's 2014 periodic emissions inventory includes annual and
ozone season daily emissions for ozone precursors (NO<INF>X</INF>, VOC,
and CO) from all source categories (point, nonpoint, on-road and non-
road mobile sources, and biogenic emissions) in both the Greater
Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the New York-Northern New
Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT nonattainment areas. These emission
estimates are outlined in tables 1-4 below.
Table 1--2014 Annual Emissions (TPY) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Greater Connecticut Ozone Non-
Attainment Area
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Source type VOC NOX CO
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Stationary Point Sources........................................ 400 2,628 1,096
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 8,662 14,903 89,134
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 4,821 5,625 50,958
Area Sources.................................................... 23,843 5,861 26,252
Biogenic Sources................................................ 39,519 402 4,584
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Total of All Sources........................................ 77,245 29,418 172,025
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Table 2--2014 Summer Day Emissions (Tons/Day) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Greater Connecticut Ozone Non-
Attainment Area
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Source type VOC NOX CO
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Stationary Point Sources........................................ 14.2 21.4 4.7
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 24.4 41.4 276.0
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 29.5 32.1 368.8
Area Sources.................................................... 67.6 7.1 13.1
Biogenic Sources................................................ 286.9 1.7 28.3
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Total of All Sources........................................ 409.7 103.7 691.0
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Table 3--2014 Annual Emissions (TPY) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Connecticut Portion of the New York-
Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Ozone Non-Attainment Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source type VOC NOX CO
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Stationary Point Sources........................................ 560 3,471 770
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 9,709 16,784 100,642
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 5,703 7,215 72,076
Area Sources.................................................... 24,369 6,880 17,838
Biogenic Sources................................................ 21,127 175 2,319
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Total of All Sources........................................ 61,468 34,525 193,645
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Table 4--2014 Summer Day Emissions (Tons/Day) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Connecticut Portion of the New
York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Ozone Non-Attainment Area
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Source type VOC NOX CO
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Stationary Point Sources........................................ 2.0 17.1 4.4
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 27.2 46.1 313.0
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 34.7 41.6 546.5
Area Sources.................................................... 72.7 8.5 14.6
[[Page 29824]]
Biogenic Sources................................................ 156.2 0.8 14.3
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Total of All Sources........................................ 292.8 114.0 892.8
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B. 2017 Periodic Emissions Inventory
EPA has reviewed Connecticut's 2017 periodic emissions inventory
for consistency with the CAA and regulatory periodic emissions
inventory requirements. Forty CFR 51.1115(b) provides that for each
nonattainment area, the state shall submit a periodic emission
inventory of emissions sources in the area to meet the requirement in
CAA section 182(a)(3)(A). Connecticut meets this requirement through CT
DEEP's submittal of a 2017 periodic emission inventory on May 3, 2024,
that included both the Greater Connecticut and the Connecticut portion
of the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT nonattainment
areas.\18\ A copy of CT DEEP's 2017 periodic emission inventory is
located in the docket of this proposed rulemaking. Forty CFR 51.1115(c)
states that the emissions values included in periodic inventories shall
be actual ozone season day emissions as defined by Sec. 51.1100(cc).
Connecticut's submittal includes actual ozone season day emissions for
ozone precursors in both nonattainment areas.\19\ EPA's AERR outlines
emissions thresholds for point sources that states must report in their
periodic emission inventories.\20\ CT DEEP's submittal includes point
source emissions that meet or exceed the emission thresholds in the
AERR.\21\ Furthermore, CT DEEP satisfies any additional requirements of
the AERR as defined in 40 CFR 51.1115(e) and in EPA 2017 emissions
inventory guidance \22\ within their 2017 periodic emissions inventory
submittal.
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\18\ See State of Connecticut State SIP Revision Cover Letter.
\19\ See CT DEEP's 2017 Emission Inventory Submittal, 1-13--1-
15.
\20\ See 40 CFR part 51, subpart A, appendix A.
\21\ See CT DEEP's 2017 Emission Inventory Submittal, Section 2.
\22\ See EPA Emissions Inventory Guidance, Section 3.5.1.
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EPA also reviewed the techniques used by CT DEEP to derive and
quality assure the emission estimates used in preparing the 2017
periodic emission inventory. EPA found that CT DEEP followed EPA's 2017
Emissions Inventory guidance \23\ when developing their statewide 2017
periodic emission inventory. Connecticut documented the procedures used
to estimate the emissions for each of the major inventory source types
as well as CT DEEP's Quality assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)
checks to ensure 2017 emissions data are accurate.\24\ The
documentation of the emission estimation procedures was adequate for
EPA to determine that Connecticut followed acceptable procedures to
estimate emissions. Specifically, QA/QC checks were performed relative
to data collection and analysis and to double counting of emissions
from point, area, and mobile sources. CT DEEP performed QA/QC to ensure
accuracy of units, unit conversions, transposition of figures, and
calculations. For more information on CT DEEP's QA/QC procedures while
developing their 2017 emissions inventory, a copy of their submittal is
located in the docket of this proposed rulemaking.\25\
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\23\ See id. Section 3.5.
\24\ See CT DEEP's 2017 Emission Inventory Submittal, Section
2.4, 2.4.3, and 6.
\25\ See id.
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Connecticut's 2017 periodic emissions inventory includes annual and
ozone season daily emissions for ozone precursors (NO<INF>X</INF>, VOC,
and CO) from all source categories (point, nonpoint, on-road and non-
road mobile sources, and biogenic emissions) in both the Greater
Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the New York-Northern New
Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT nonattainment areas. These emission
estimates are outlined in tables 5-8 below.
Table 5--2017 Annual Emissions (TPY) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Greater Connecticut Ozone Non-
Attainment Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source type VOC NOX CO
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Stationary Point Sources........................................ 382 2,197 938
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 6,434 8,115 70,956
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 3,959 4,783 48,073
Area Sources.................................................... 17,444 5,095 19,698
Biogenic Sources................................................ 43,387 404 4,393
-----------------------------------------------
Total of All Sources........................................ 71,605 20,594 144,058
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Table 6--2017 Summer Day Emissions (Tons/Day) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Greater Connecticut Ozone Non-
Attainment Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source type VOC NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stationary Point Sources........................................ 1.1 10.2 3.9
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 18.1 22.2 223.9
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 13.5 15.4 177.6
Area Sources.................................................... 53.0 6.0 10.9
[[Page 29825]]
Biogenic Sources................................................ 308.8 1.7 25.9
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Total of All Sources........................................ 394.5 55.6 442.2
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Table 7--2017 Annual Emissions (TPY) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Connecticut Portion of the New York-
Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Ozone Non-Attainment Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source type VOC NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stationary Point Sources........................................ 542 2,418 570
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 7,162 9,405 80,407
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 4,789 5,767 68,371
Area Sources.................................................... 17,049 5,856 15,534
Biogenic Sources................................................ 23,573 181 2,393
-----------------------------------------------
Total of All Sources........................................ 53,115 23,627 167,274
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Table 8--2017 Summer Day Emissions (Tons/Day) of Ozone Precursor Compounds in the Connecticut Portion of the New
York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Ozone Non-Attainment Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source type VOC NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stationary Point Sources........................................ 3.6 14.0 4.7
On-Road Mobile Sources.......................................... 20.0 25.5 256.0
Non-Road Mobile Sources......................................... 16.6 19.0 262.1
Area Sources.................................................... 52.7 6.9 11.9
Biogenic Sources................................................ 168.3 0.8 14.1
-----------------------------------------------
Total of All Sources........................................ 261.3 66.2 548.8
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IV. Proposed Action
Based on the EPA's review, the 2014 and 2017 periodic year
emissions inventories submitted by the state of Connecticut for each
ozone nonattainment area include essential data elements, source
categories, sample calculations, and report documentation in accordance
with CAA sections 182(a)(3)(A) requirements and were developed in
accordance with EPA guidance.\26\ Therefore, the EPA is proposing to
approve both the 2014 and the 2017 periodic emissions inventories for
the Greater Connecticut and the Connecticut portion of the New York-
Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT 2008 ozone nonattainment
areas.
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\26\ See EPA Emissions Inventory Guidance.
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V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a
SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Clean Air Act
and applicable Federal regulations. See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR
52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve
state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air
Act. Accordingly, this proposed action merely approves state law as
meeting Federal requirements and does not impose additional
requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this
proposed action:
<bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58
FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
<bullet> Is not subject to Executive Order 14192 (90 FR 9065,
February 6, 2025) because SIP actions are exempt from review under
Executive Order 12866;
<bullet> Does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
<bullet> Is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
<bullet> Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
<bullet> Does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
<bullet> Is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997) because it approves a state program;
<bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
<bullet> Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the Clean Air Act.
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian
reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has
demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian
country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose
substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen
dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile
organic compounds.
[[Page 29826]]
Dated: June 23, 2025.
Mark Sanborn,
Regional Administrator, EPA Region 1.
[FR Doc. 2025-12515 Filed 7-3-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
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