Rule2025-12147

Administrative Updates to the Use of Locomotive Horns at Public Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Regulations

Primary source

Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.

Published
July 1, 2025
Effective
July 1, 2025

Issuing agencies

Transportation DepartmentFederal Railroad Administration

Abstract

This rule makes administrative updates to FRA's use of locomotive horns at public highway-rail grade crossings regulations, including updating addresses in those regulations.

Full Text

<html>
<head>
<title>Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 124 (Tuesday, July 1, 2025)</title>
</head>
<body><pre>
[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 124 (Tuesday, July 1, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 28150-28153]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-12147]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Railroad Administration

49 CFR Part 222

[Docket No. FRA-2025-0090]
RIN 2130-AD19


Administrative Updates to the Use of Locomotive Horns at Public 
Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Regulations

AGENCY: Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department of 
Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This rule makes administrative updates to FRA's use of 
locomotive horns at public highway-rail grade crossings regulations, 
including updating addresses in those regulations.

DATES: Effective July 1, 2025.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Veronica Chittim, Senior Attorney, 
Office of Safety Law, Office of the Chief Counsel, FRA, 1200 New Jersey 
Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590, (telephone 202-480-3410), 
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#651300170a0b0c06044b060d0c11110c0825010a114b020a13"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="4630233429282f252768252e2f32322f2b0622293268212930">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>; or Lucinda Henriksen, Senior Advisor, Office 
of Railroad Safety, FRA, (telephone 202-657-2842), 
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#442831272d2a20256a2c212a362d2f37212a04202b306a232b32"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="fc90899f9592989dd29499928e95978f9992bc989388d29b938a">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    Consistent with the deregulatory agenda of President Donald J. 
Trump and Secretary of Transportation Sean P. Duffy, which seeks to 
unleash America's economic prosperity without compromising 
transportation safety, and as described in more detail below, this rule 
is making miscellaneous, administrative updates to its regulations in 
49 CFR part 222. These changes include updating addresses that are no 
longer valid.

II. Section-by-Section Analysis

Part 222

Sec.  222.9 Definitions
    FRA is amending the definition of Grade Crossing Inventory Form in 
49 CFR 222.9 to update the web address from <a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov">www.fra.dot.gov</a> to <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>.
Sec.  222.11 What are the penalties for failure to comply with this 
part?
    FRA is amending Sec.  222.11 by replacing references to specific 
penalty amounts with general references to the minimum civil monetary 
penalty, ordinary maximum civil monetary penalty, and aggravated 
maximum civil monetary penalty. FRA is adding language to this section 
referring readers to 49 CFR part 209, appendix A, where FRA will 
continue to specify statutorily provided civil penalty amounts updated 
for inflation. FRA is also updating the web address from 
<a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov">www.fra.dot.gov</a> to <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>.
Sec.  222.39 How is a quiet zone established?
    FRA is amending Sec.  222.39(b)(3) to remove the certified mail 
requirement, to require electronic submittal of the application to 
FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division, and to allow for 
electronic service of the application to other parties as well as 
electronic submission of comments on the application to FRA's Grade 
Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division.
Sec.  222.43 What notices and other information are required to create 
or continue a quiet zone?
    FRA is amending Sec.  222.43(a) to remove the certified mail 
notification requirements, to require electronic service of 
notifications required in this section to FRA's Grade Crossing and 
Trespasser Outreach Division, and to allow for electronic service of 
the notifications required in this section to other parties.
    FRA is also amending Sec.  222.43(d)(2)(ii)(A) to update the web 
address from <a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov/us/content/1337">http://www.fra.dot.gov/us/content/1337</a> to <a href="https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/quiet/login.aspx">https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/quiet/login.aspx</a>.
Sec.  222.47 What periodic updates are required?
    FRA is amending Sec. Sec.  222.47(a)(1) and (b)(1) to remove the 
certified mail requirements, to require electronic service to FRA's 
Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division, and to allow for 
electronic service of the notices to other parties. FRA is also 
amending Sec. Sec.  222.47(a)(2) and (b)(2) to require public 
authorities to submit their updated Crossing Inventory forms to FRA's 
Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division, rather than to the 
Associate Administrator.
Sec.  222.51 Under what conditions will quiet zone status be 
terminated?
    FRA is amending Sec. Sec.  222.51(d)(2) and (e)(1) to remove the 
certified mail requirements, to require electronic service of the 
notices to FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division, and 
to allow for electronic service of the notices to other parties.
Appendix D to Part 222 Determining Risk Levels
    FRA is amending the last sentence of 49 CFR part 222, appendix D, 
under the heading ``Nationwide Significant Risk Threshold,'' to update 
the web address from <a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov">www.fra.dot.gov</a> to <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>.

III. Public Participation

    Under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), an agency may waive 
the normal notice and comment procedures if the action is a rule of 
agency organization, procedure, or practice. 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). 
Additionally, under the APA, an agency may waive notice and comment 
procedures when the agency for good cause finds that notice and public 
procedure are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public 
interest. 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B). Since this final rule merely makes 
miscellaneous, administrative updates to the CFR, such as updating web 
addresses, it would not benefit from public comment, and notice and 
comment is not necessary.

IV. Regulatory Impact and Notices

A. Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 
DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures

    FRA has evaluated this final rule in accordance with E.O. 12866, 
Regulatory Planning and Review (58 FR 51735, Oct. 4, 1993), and DOT 
Order 2100.6B, Policies and Procedures for Rulemaking (Mar. 10, 2025). 
The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) determined that this final rule is not a 
significant regulatory action under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866.
    Because this final rule makes administrative changes such as 
replacing references to specific penalty amounts with general 
references to the minimum and maximum civil monetary penalties, 
ordinary maximum civil monetary penalty, and aggravated maximum civil 
monetary penalty, referring readers to the CFR, updating web addresses, 
and replacing certified mail requirements with electronic submission 
and service requirements, this final rule imparts no additional burdens 
on regulated entities. Moreover, this rule will provide some 
qualitative benefits to regulated entities and the U.S. government by 
updating the language of part 222 to direct regulated entities to the 
appropriate cites in the CFR and the appropriate web address.

[[Page 28151]]

Additionally, this rule allows electronic methods of submissions of 
documents, which will expedite the speed at which documents are 
delivered while also reducing costs that would otherwise exist from 
having to physically print, mail, and process documents.

B. E.O. 14192 (Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation)

    E.O. 14192, Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation (90 FR 9065, 
Jan. 31, 2025), requires that for ``each new [E.O. 14192 regulatory 
action] issued, at least ten prior regulations be identified for 
elimination.'' \1\ Implementation guidance for E.O. 14192 issued by OMB 
(Memorandum M-25-20, March 26, 2025) defines two different types of 
E.O. 14192 actions: an E.O. 14192 deregulatory action, and an E.O. 
14192 regulatory action.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Executive Office of the President. Executive Order 14192 of 
January 31, 2025. Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation. 90 FR 
9065-9067. Feb. 6, 2025.
    \2\ Executive Office of the President. Office of Management and 
Budget. Guidance Implementing Section 3 of Executive Order 14192, 
Titled ``Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation.'' Memorandum M-
25-20. Mar. 26, 2025.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    An E.O. 14192 deregulatory action is defined as ``an action that 
has been finalized and has total costs less than zero.'' This final 
rule is expected to have total costs less than zero, and therefore it 
would be considered an E.O. 14192 deregulatory action.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act and E.O. 13272

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 ((RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.) and E.O. 13272 (67 FR 53461, Aug. 16, 2002) require an agency to 
prepare and make available to the public a regulatory flexibility 
analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., 
small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental 
jurisdictions). A regulatory flexibility analysis is not required when 
a rule is exempt from notice and comment rulemaking. FRA has determined 
that this rule is exempt from notice and comment rulemaking. Therefore, 
a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required for this rule.

D. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This rule offers regulatory flexibilities, and it contains no new 
information collection requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act 
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520), therefore, a submission to OMB is not 
required. The recordkeeping and reporting requirements already 
contained in part 222 became effective when they were approved by OMB 
on November 9, 2022. The OMB Control No. is 2130-0560 and the 
expiration date is November 30, 2025. However, this final rule will 
decrease the paperwork burden in Sec. Sec.  222.39, 222.43 and 222.47 
by amending the certified mail requirement, to allow electronic service 
of applications to required parties. All other paperwork requirements 
within part 222 remain the same. By removing this reporting 
requirement, the currently approved burden reported within Sec. Sec.  
222.39, 222.43 and 222.47 of 2,559 hours will decrease by 46.50 hours 
for a revised estimate of 2,512.50 hours.

E. Environmental Assessment

    FRA has analyzed this rule for the purposes of the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 
4336 and DOT NEPA Order 5610.1C, FRA has determined that this rule is 
categorically excluded pursuant to 23 CFR 771.118(c)(4), ``[p]lanning 
and administrative activities that do not involve or lead directly to 
construction, such as: [p]romulgation of rules, regulations, and 
directives.'' This rulemaking is not anticipated to result in any 
environmental impacts, and there are no unusual or extraordinary 
circumstances present in connection with this rulemaking.

F. Federalism Implications

    This final rule will not have a substantial effect on the States, 
on the relationship between the national government and the States, or 
on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various 
levels of government. Thus, in accordance with E.O. 13132, 
``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, Aug. 10, 1999), preparation of a 
Federalism Assessment is not warranted.

G. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This final rule will not result in the expenditure, in the 
aggregate, of $100,000,000 or more, adjusted for inflation, in any one 
year by State, local, or Indian Tribal governments, or the private 
sector. Thus, consistent with section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4, 2 U.S.C. 1532), FRA is not required 
to prepare a written statement detailing the effect of such an 
expenditure.

H. Energy Impact

    E.O. 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that Significantly 
Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001), 
requires Federal agencies to prepare a Statement of Energy Effects for 
any ``significant energy action.'' FRA has evaluated this rule in 
accordance with E.O. 13211 and determined that this rule is not a 
``significant energy action'' within the meaning of E.O. 13211.

I. E.O. 13175 (Tribal Consultation)

    FRA has evaluated this final rule in accordance with the principles 
and criteria contained in E.O. 13175, Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments, (Nov. 6, 2000). The final rule would 
not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, 
would not impose substantial direct compliance costs on Indian tribal 
governments, and would not preempt tribal laws. Therefore, the funding 
and consultation requirements of E.O. 13175 do not apply, and a tribal 
summary impact statement is not required.

J. International Trade Impact Assessment

    The Trade Agreement Act of 1979 prohibits Federal agencies from 
engaging in any standards or related activities that create unnecessary 
obstacles to the foreign commerce of the U.S. Legitimate domestic 
objectives, such as safety, are not considered unnecessary obstacles. 
The statute also requires consideration of international standards and, 
where appropriate, that they be the basis for U.S. standards. This 
rulemaking is purely domestic in nature and is not expected to affect 
trade opportunities for U.S. firms doing business overseas or for 
foreign firms doing business in the U.S.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 222

    Administrative practice and procedure, Penalties, Railroad safety, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

The Final Rule

    In consideration of the foregoing, FRA amends part 222 of chapter 
II, subtitle B of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 222--USE OF LOCOMOTIVE HORNS AT PUBLIC HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE 
CROSSINGS

0
1. The authority citation for part 222 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 20103, 20107, 20153, 21301, 21304; 28 
U.S.C. 2461 note; and 49 CFR 1.89.


0
2. In Sec.  222.9, revise the definition of Grade Crossing Inventory 
Form to read as follows:


Sec.  222.9  Definitions.

* * * * *

[[Page 28152]]

    Grade Crossing Inventory Form means the U.S. DOT National Highway-
Rail Grade Crossing Inventory Form, FRA Form F6180.71. This form is 
available on FRA's website at <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>.
* * * * *

0
3. Revise Sec.  222.11 to read as follows:


Sec.  222.11  What are the penalties for failure to comply with this 
part?

    (a) Any person who violates any requirement of this part or causes 
the violation of any such requirement is subject to a civil penalty of 
at least the minimum civil monetary penalty and not more than the 
ordinary maximum civil monetary penalty per violation. However, 
penalties may be assessed against individuals only for willful 
violations, and a penalty not to exceed the aggravated maximum civil 
monetary penalty per violation may be assessed, where:
    (1) A grossly negligent violation, or a pattern of repeated 
violations, has created an imminent hazard of death or injury to 
persons; or
    (2) A death or injury has occurred. See 49 CFR part 209, appendix 
A.
    (b) Each day a violation continues shall constitute a separate 
offense. Any person who knowingly and willfully falsifies a record or 
report required by this part may be subject to criminal penalties under 
49 U.S.C. 21311. FRA's website at <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>contains a 
schedule of civil penalty amounts used in connection with this part.

0
4. Revise Sec.  222.39(b)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  222.39  How is a quiet zone established?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3)(i) The public authority application for FRA approval of the 
proposed quiet zone shall be provided to: all railroads operating over 
the public highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone; the 
highway or traffic control or law enforcement authority having 
jurisdiction over vehicular traffic at grade crossings within the quiet 
zone; the landowner having control over any private highway-rail grade 
crossings within the quiet zone; the State agency responsible for 
highway and road safety; and the State agency responsible for grade 
crossing safety. A copy of the public authority application shall also 
be submitted electronically to the Grade Crossing and Trespasser 
Outreach Division of FRA's Office of Railroad Safety (FRA Grade 
Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division).
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section, 
any party that receives a copy of the public authority application may 
submit comments on the public authority application to the FRA Grade 
Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division electronically during the 60-
day period after the date on which the public authority application was 
sent.
    (iii) If the public authority application for FRA approval contains 
written statements from each railroad operating over the public 
highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone, the highway or 
traffic control authority or law enforcement authority having 
jurisdiction over vehicular traffic at grade crossings within the quiet 
zone, the State agency responsible for grade crossing safety, and the 
State agency responsible for highway and road safety stating that the 
railroad, vehicular traffic authority and State agencies have waived 
their rights to provide comments on the public authority application, 
the 60-day comment period under paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section 
shall be waived.
* * * * *

0
5. Revise Sec.  222.43(a) and (d)(2)(ii)(A) to read as follows:


Sec.  222.43  What notices and other information are required to create 
or continue a quiet zone?

    (a)(1) The public authority shall provide written notice of its 
intent to create a New Quiet Zone or New Partial Quiet Zone under Sec.  
222.39 or to implement new SSMs or ASMs within a Pre-Rule Quiet Zone or 
Pre-Rule Partial Quiet Zone under Sec.  222.41(c) or (d) of this part. 
Such notification shall be provided to: All railroads operating over 
the public highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone; the 
State agency responsible for highway and road safety; and the State 
agency responsible for grade crossing safety.
    (2) The public authority shall provide written notification to 
continue a Pre-Rule Quiet Zone or Pre-Rule Partial Quiet Zone under 
Sec.  222.41 or to continue an Intermediate Quiet Zone or Intermediate 
Partial Quiet Zone under Sec.  222.42. Such notification shall be 
provided to: All railroads operating over the public highway-rail grade 
crossings within the quiet zone; the highway or traffic control or law 
enforcement authority having jurisdiction over vehicular traffic at 
grade crossings within the quiet zone; the landowner having control 
over any private highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone; 
the State agency responsible for highway and road safety; and the State 
agency responsible for grade crossing safety. A copy of the written 
notification to continue a Pre-Rule Quiet Zone or Pre-Rule Partial 
Quiet Zone under Sec.  222.41 or to continue an Intermediate Quiet Zone 
or Intermediate Partial Quiet Zone under Sec.  222.42 shall also be 
submitted electronically to FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser 
Outreach Division.
    (3) The public authority shall provide written notice of the 
establishment of a quiet zone under Sec.  222.39 or Sec.  222.41. Such 
notification shall be provided to: All railroads operating over the 
public highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone; the highway 
or traffic control or law enforcement authority having jurisdiction 
over vehicular traffic at grade crossings within the quiet zone; the 
landowner having control over any private highway-rail grade crossings 
within the quiet zone; the State agency responsible for highway and 
road safety; and the State agency responsible for grade crossing 
safety. A copy of the written notice of quiet zone establishment under 
Sec.  222.39 or Sec.  222.41 shall also be submitted electronically to 
FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (A) If the Notice contains a specific reference to Sec.  
222.39(a)(2)(i), 222.39(a)(2)(ii), 222.39(a)(3), 222.41(a)(1)(ii), 
222.41(a)(1)(iii), 222.41(a)(1)(iv), 222.41(b)(1)(ii), 
222.41(b)(1)(iii), or 222.41(b)(1)(iv), it shall include a copy of the 
FRA webpage that contains the quiet zone data upon which the public 
authority is relying (<a href="https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/quiet/login.aspx">https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/quiet/login.aspx</a>).
* * * * *

0
6. Revise Sec.  222.47 to read as follows:


Sec.  222.47  What periodic updates are required?

    (a) Quiet zones with SSMs at each public crossing. This paragraph 
(a) addresses quiet zones established pursuant to Sec. Sec.  
222.39(a)(1) and 222.41(a)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(i) (quiet zones with an SSM 
implemented at every public crossing within the quiet zone) of this 
part. Between 4\1/2\ and 5 years after the date of the quiet zone 
establishment notice provided by the public authority under Sec.  
222.43, and between 4\1/2\ and 5 years after the last affirmation under 
this section, the public authority must:
    (1) Electronically affirm in writing to FRA's Grade Crossing and 
Trespasser Outreach Division that the SSMs implemented within the quiet 
zone continue to conform to the requirements of appendix A of this 
part. Copies of such affirmation must be provided to

[[Page 28153]]

the parties identified in Sec.  222.43(a)(3); and
    (2) Electronically provide to FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser 
Outreach Division an up-to-date, accurate, and complete Grade Crossing 
Inventory Form for each public highway-rail grade crossing, private 
highway-rail grade crossing, and pedestrian crossing within the quiet 
zone.
    (b) Quiet zones which do not have a supplementary safety measure at 
each public crossing. This paragraph (b) addresses quiet zones 
established pursuant to Sec. Sec.  222.39(a)(2) and (a)(3), 222.39(b), 
222.41(a)(1)(ii), (a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(iv), and 222.41(b)(1)(ii), 
(b)(1)(iii), and (b)(1)(iv) (quiet zones which do not have an SSM at 
every public crossing within the quiet zone). Between 2\1/2\ and 3 
years after the date of the quiet zone establishment notice provided by 
the public authority under Sec.  222.43, and between 2\1/2\ and 3 years 
after the last affirmation under this section, the public authority 
must:
    (1) Electronically affirm in writing to FRA's Grade Crossing and 
Trespasser Outreach Division that all SSMs and ASMs implemented within 
the quiet zone continue to conform to the requirements of appendices A 
and B of this part or the terms of the Quiet Zone approval. Copies of 
such notification must be provided to the parties identified in Sec.  
222.43(a)(3); and
    (2) Electronically provide to FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser 
Outreach Division an up-to-date, accurate, and complete Grade Crossing 
Inventory Form for each public highway-rail grade crossing, private 
highway-rail grade crossing, and pedestrian grade crossing within the 
quiet zone.

0
7. Revise Sec.  222.51(d)(2) and (e)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  222.51  Under what conditions will quiet zone status be 
terminated?

* * * * *
    (d)(2) A public authority may withdraw its quiet zone status by 
providing written notice of termination to all railroads operating the 
public highway-rail grade crossings within the quiet zone, the highway 
or traffic control authority or law enforcement authority having 
control over vehicular traffic at the crossings within the quiet zone, 
the landowner having control over any private crossings within the 
quiet zone, the State agency responsible for grade crossing safety, and 
the State agency responsible for highway and road safety. A copy of the 
written notice of quiet zone termination shall also be submitted 
electronically to the Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division 
of FRA's Office of Railroad Safety (Grade Crossing and Trespasser 
Outreach Division).
* * * * *
    (e)(1) In the event that a quiet zone is terminated under the 
provisions of this section, it shall be the responsibility of the 
public authority immediately to provide written notification of the 
termination to all railroads operating over public highway-rail grade 
crossings within the quiet zone, the highway or traffic control 
authority or law enforcement authority having control over vehicular 
traffic at the crossings within the quiet zone, the landowner having 
control over any private crossings within the quiet zone, the State 
agency responsible for grade crossing safety, and the State agency 
responsible for highway and road safety. A copy of the written notice 
of quiet zone termination shall also be submitted electronically to 
FRA's Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division.
* * * * *

0
8. In appendix D, under the heading ``Nationwide Significant Risk 
Threshold'', revise the last sentence to read as follows:

Appendix D to Part 222--Determining Risk Levels

* * * * *

Nationwide Significant Risk Threshold

    * * * For the most recent value of the Nationwide Significant 
Risk Threshold, please visit FRA's public website at <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/">https://railroads.dot.gov/</a>.
* * * * *

    Issued in Washington, DC.
Kyle D. Fields,
Chief Counsel.
[FR Doc. 2025-12147 Filed 6-27-25; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 4910-06-P


</pre><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script></body>
</html>
Indexed from Federal Register on July 1, 2025.

This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.