Rule2025-07849
Imposition of Import Restrictions on Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Uzbekistan
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
May 5, 2025
Effective
May 5, 2025
Issuing agencies
Homeland Security DepartmentU.S. Customs and Border ProtectionTreasury Department
Abstract
This document amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) regulations to reflect the imposition of import restrictions on certain archaeological and ethnological materials from the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan). These restrictions are imposed pursuant to an agreement between the United States and Uzbekistan, entered into under the authority of the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act. This document amends the CBP regulations by adding Uzbekistan to the list of countries which have bilateral agreements with the United States imposing cultural property import restrictions and contains the Designated List, describing the archaeological and ethnological material to which the restrictions apply.
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[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 85 (Monday, May 5, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 18916-18924]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2025-07849]
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
19 CFR Part 12
[CBP Dec. 25-04]
RIN 1685-AA31
Imposition of Import Restrictions on Archaeological and
Ethnological Material of Uzbekistan
AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland
Security.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This document amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection
(CBP) regulations to reflect the imposition of import restrictions on
certain archaeological and ethnological materials from the Republic of
Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan). These restrictions are imposed pursuant to an
agreement between the United States and Uzbekistan, entered into under
the authority of the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation
Act. This document amends the CBP regulations by adding Uzbekistan to
the list of countries which have bilateral agreements with the United
States imposing cultural property import restrictions and contains the
Designated
[[Page 18917]]
List, describing the archaeological and ethnological material to which
the restrictions apply.
DATES: Effective on May 5, 2025.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For legal aspects, W. Richmond
Beevers, Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted Merchandise
Branch, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325-0084, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5b342f76342f2929382e372f2e293a372b29342b3e292f221b38392b753f3328753c342d"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="18776c35776c6a6a7b6d746c6d6a7974686a77687d6a6c61587b7a68367c706b367f776e">[email protected]</span></a>. For operational aspects, Julie L.
Stoeber, Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and Programs, Office of
Trade, (202) 945-7064, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ebdabeb8aca9998a858883ab88899bc58f8398c58c849d"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8abbdfd9cdc8f8ebe4e9e2cae9e8faa4eee2f9a4ede5fc">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (Pub. L. 97-
446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (CPIA), which implements the 1970 United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (823
U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)) (Convention), allows for the conclusion of an
agreement between the United States and another party to the Convention
to impose import restrictions on certain archaeological and
ethnological material. Pursuant to the CPIA, the United States entered
into a bilateral agreement with the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
to impose import restrictions on certain archaeological and
ethnological material of Uzbekistan. This rule announces that the
United States is now imposing import restrictions on certain
archaeological and ethnological material of Uzbekistan through November
7, 2028. This period may be extended for additional periods, each
extension not to exceed five years, if it is determined that the
factors justifying the initial agreement still pertain and no cause for
suspension of the agreement exists (19 U.S.C. 2602(e); Sec. 12.104g(a)
of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a))).
Determinations
Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the United States must make certain
determinations before entering into an agreement to impose import
restrictions under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On June 6, 2023, the Assistant
Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States
Department of State, after consultation with and recommendation by the
Cultural Property Advisory Committee, made the determinations required
under the statute with respect to certain archaeological and
ethnological material originating in Uzbekistan that is described in
the Designated List set forth below in this document.
These determinations include the following: (1) that the cultural
patrimony of Uzbekistan is in jeopardy from the pillage of
archaeological material representing Uzbekistan's cultural heritage
dating from approximately 50,000 B.C.E. to 1773 C.E., and ethnological
materials dating from approximately 600 to 1917 C.E. (19 U.S.C.
2602(a)(1)(A)); (2) that the government of Uzbekistan has taken
measures consistent with the Convention to protect its cultural
patrimony (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) that import restrictions
imposed by the United States would be of substantial benefit in
deterring a serious situation of pillage and remedies less drastic are
not available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and (4) that the application
of import restrictions as set forth in this final rule is consistent
with the general interests of the international community in the
interchange of cultural property among nations for scientific,
cultural, and educational purposes (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(D)). The
Assistant Secretary also found that the material described in the
determinations meets the statutory definition of ``archaeological or
ethnological material of the State Party'' (19 U.S.C. 2601(2)).
The Agreement
On November 7, 2023, the Governments of the United States and
Uzbekistan signed a bilateral agreement, ``Agreement between the
Government of the United States of America and the Government of the
Republic of Uzbekistan Concerning the Imposition of Import Restrictions
on Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Materials of
Uzbekistan'' (hereinafter, ``the Agreement''), pursuant to the
provisions of 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). The Agreement entered into force
upon signature and enables the promulgation of import restrictions on
certain categories of archaeological material ranging in date from
approximately 50,000 B.C.E. to 1773 C.E., as well as certain categories
of ethnological material dating from approximately 600 to 1917 C.E. A
list of the categories of archaeological and ethnological materials
subject to the import restrictions is set forth later in this document.
Restrictions and Amendment to the Regulations
In accordance with the Agreement, importation of material
designated below is subject to the restrictions of 19 U.S.C. 2606 and
19 CFR 12.104g(a) and will be restricted from entry into the United
States unless the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and 19 CFR
12.104c are met. CBP is amending 19 CFR 12.104g(a) to indicate that
these import restrictions have been imposed.
Import restrictions listed at 19 CFR 12.104g(a) are effective for
no more than five years beginning on the date on which an agreement
enters into force with respect to the United States. This period may be
extended for additional periods of not more than five years if it is
determined that the factors which justified the agreement still pertain
and no cause for suspension of the agreement exists. Therefore, the
import restrictions will expire on November 7, 2028, unless extended.
Designated List of Archaeological and Ethnological Materials From
Uzbekistan
The Agreement between the United States and Uzbekistan includes,
but is not limited to, the categories of objects described in the
Designated List set forth below.
The Designated List includes archaeological and ethnological
material of Uzbekistan. The archaeological material in the Designated
List ranges in date from 50,000 B.C.E. through 1773 C.E. The
ethnological material in the Designated List includes architectural
elements, funerary objects, Islamic religious and ceremonial objects,
and manuscripts associated with Uzbekistan's diverse history from 600
C.E. through 1917 C.E. The Designated List includes, but is not limited
to, categories of objects described below.
Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Material
I. Archaeological Material
A. Stone
B. Ceramics, Faience, and Fired Clay
C. Metal
D. Plaster, Stucco, and Unfired Clay (also called ganch or
gypsum)
E. Painting
F. Ivory, Bone, and Shell
G. Glass
H. Leather, Birch Bark, Vellum, Parchment, and Paper
I. Textiles
J. Wood, Shell, and other Organic Material
K. Human Remains
II. Ethnological Material
A. Architectural Elements
B. Funerary Objects
C. Islamic Religious and Ceremonial Objects
D. Manuscripts
Approximate simplified chronology of well-known periods:
Middle and Upper Paleolithic: c. 50,000-12,000 B.C.E.
[[Page 18918]]
Mesolithic and Neolithic (Kelteminar): c. 12,000-3000 B.C.E.
Chalcolithic: c. 5500-3200 B.C.E.
Bronze Age (Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex/BMAC,
Andronovo, Tazabagyab, Zamanbaba): c. 3000-1500 B.C.E.
Iron Age (Amirabad and Chust cultures, Yaz-I, Yaz-II and III
cultures, Saka and Massagetae peoples, Achaemenid empire): c. 1500-329
B.C.E.
Greco-Bactrian and Kushan Periods (Seleucid empire, Greco-Bactrian
kingdom, Khorezm kingdom, Kushan empire, Kangju Federation): 329
B.C.E.-241 C.E.
Late Antiquity (Kushano-Sasanians/Kushan-shahs, Afrigid rule in
Khorezm, Sogdian principalities and city states, Chionites and Kidarite
Huns, Hephthalite Empire, Turkic Qaghanate): 241-708 C.E.
Early Islamic/Medieval Period (Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates,
Samanid Empire, Karakhanid Khanate, Ghaznavid Dynasty, Seljuk Empire,
Kara-Khitai Empire, Khwarazmshah (also spelled Khorezmshah) Dynasty):
708-1220 C.E.
Mongol Period (Mongol Empire, Chagatai (also spelled Chaghatai)
Khanate, Timurid Empire): 1220-1510 C.E.
Uzbek Period (Shaibanid Dynasty, Khanate of Khiva (Khorezm),
Khanate/Emirate of Bukhara, Khanate of Kokand): 1510-1917 C.E.
I. Archaeological Material
A. Stone
1. Architectural Elements--Primarily in alabaster, gypsum, jasper,
limestone, marble, and onyx, but includes other types of stone.
Category includes, but is not limited to, antefixes, balustrades,
bricks and blocks from walls, ceilings, and floors; columns including
capitals and bases, cornices, door frames, false gables, friezes,
lintels, mihrabs, minarets, niches, panels, pillars, plinths, railings,
qiblas, slabs, and screens. May be plain, molded, carved, or inscribed
in various languages and scripts. Decorative elements may be in high or
low relief. Architectural elements may include relief and inlay
sculptures that were part of a building (e.g., mausoleums, mosques,
minarets, palaces, religious structures, public buildings, stupas, and
others) such as friezes, panels, or stone figures. Architectural
elements may have religious imagery or have been part of religious
structures. For example, Kushan Period styles may include images of the
Buddha, scenes from the life of the Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and other
human figures, as well as animals, columns, and floral, geometric, and/
or vegetal motifs. Architectural elements carved in stone from Islamic
periods may include inscriptions in multiple languages and scripts.
Stone architectural elements were common across many periods in
Uzbekistan's history. Approximate date: c. 250 B.C.E.-1770 C.E.
2. Non-Architectural Relief Sculptures--Primarily in alabaster,
limestone, marble, steatite schist, and other types of stone. Types
include, but are not limited to, carved bases, ceiling decoration,
funerary headstones, fountains, monoliths, niches, plaques, roundels,
slabs, sundials, and stela bases. Decorative elements may be in high-
or low-relief and may include animal and/or human forms as well as
floral, geometric, and/or vegetal motifs.
3. Small Statuary--Primarily in alabaster, calcite, chlorite,
dolomite, jasper, limestone, marble, and steatite schist; primarily
free standing; may have been shaped by carving, incision, grinding,
polishing, or other techniques. Animal and human forms tend to be
stylized. Includes game pieces. Small statuary is found throughout many
archaeological periods from the Bronze Age onward; it is especially
characteristic for BMAC and Kushan Bactria (Gandhara Art).
a. BMAC figurative statuary is often composite and made of more
than one type of stone, often chlorite or steatite, with limestone.
Bactrian statues are in anthropomorphic forms, primarily female, and
are elaborately carved and/or incised. Forms tend to be abstract and
stylized, with armless bodies and legs, and a small protruding head.
Heads tend to be small and carved in white limestone. Often in a seated
or squatting position. Zoomorphic forms are also included and are often
in a squatting or coiled position. Sizes vary but are typically 14 cm
tall. Approximate date: 3rd to 2nd millennium B.C.E.
b. Non-figurative BMAC statuary includes types such as so-called
``columns,'' ``discs,'' or ``handbags.'' Column and disc statues have a
smooth finish. Columns may have an elongated and/or tapered form, wider
at the base than at the top. Column sizes vary, but typically range
from 28 to 40 cm high and from 10 to 20 cm wide. Discs may have an
incision or groove through the center. Disc sizes vary, but typically
range from 20 to 30 cm wide. Approximate date: 3rd to 2nd millennium
B.C.E.
c. Late Antiquity statuary (sometimes called Sassanian) includes
animal and human figures shaped by carving, grinding, and/or polishing.
Figures tend to be stylized. May have been used for a variety of
purposes, including as gaming pieces. Approximate date: 200-700 C.E.
4. Rock Art--Includes petroglyphs carved into limestone, shale,
granite, or sandstone. Images may depict people such as archers and
horse riders; animals such as birds, camels, donkeys, horses, foxes,
leopards, mountain goats, oxen, wolves, or others; mythological
figures; geographic symbols; sun symbols; or inscriptions, often in
Arabic. Approximate date: 12,000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
5. Vessels and Containers--Primarily in alabaster, greenstone,
jade, marble, steatite schist, and other materials. Vessel types may be
conventional shapes such as bowls, boxes, canisters, cups, cylindrical
vessels, goblets, flasks, jars, jugs, lamps, pipes, platters, stands,
trays, votive vessels, and others. Includes vessel lids. Surfaces may
be plain, polished, and/or incised or carved in relief with geometric,
floral, or vegetal decoration, elaborate figural scenes, and/or
inscriptions in various languages. Vessels may be inlaid with stones.
Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
6. Tools, Instruments, and Weights--Includes ground stone and
flaked stone tools.
a. Ground stone tools, instruments, and weights are mainly made
from diorite, granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, quartz, and
quartzite, but other types of stone are included. Types include balls,
batons, maces, mortars, palettes, pestles, scrapers, scepters, and
others. Includes spindle whorls and weights. Ends of batons and
scepters may be carved or shaped. Stone weights can be shaped or ground
into various forms, including balls, cubes, handbags, pyramids, rings,
or teardrop shapes; may be polished; and may be decorated with
incisions or inscriptions in multiple languages. Stone weights
typically vary from 20 to 30 cm. Stone tools used to polish, shape, or
sharpen other tools are included.
b. Flaked stone tools are primarily made of andesite, chert or
other cryptocrystalline silicates, diabase, flint, jasper, limestone,
sandstone, silicified limestone, quartz, quartzite, and others. Flaked
stone tool types include awls, axes, bifaces, blades, choppers, cores,
flakes, hammers, knives, microblades, microliths, projectiles,
scrapers, sickles, unifaces, and others. Also includes tools like
hammerstones and anvils used to create flaked stone tools.
7. Beads and Jewelry--Primarily in agalmatolite, argillite, agate,
carnelian, chlorite, crypto-crystalline silicates, garnet, gypsum,
flint, lapis lazuli, serpentine, slate, steatite schist, talc,
[[Page 18919]]
turquoise, or other semi-precious materials, but also includes other
types of stone. Beads may be carved, cut, drilled, ground, and/or
polished. Beads include animal, conical, cylindrical, disc, faceted,
tear drop, spherical, and other shapes. May have inscriptions in
multiple types of languages and scripts. Jewelry includes amulets,
bracelets, pendants, rings, and other types.
8. Stamps, Seals, and Gems--Primarily in agate, crypto-crystalline
silicates, garnet, hematite, lapis, limestone, marble, nephrite,
obsidian, rock crystal, steatite schist, or other types of stone.
Stamps and seals may have engravings that include animals, human
figures, geometric designs, inscriptions in various languages and
scripts, and/or floral/vegetal motifs. Includes cameos and intaglios.
Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1500 C.E.
B. Ceramic, Faience, and Fired Clay
1. Statuary--Includes small and large-scale statuary in ceramic,
faience, and terracotta. May take animal, deity, human, or mythical
forms. Forms may also be composite, such as horse and rider statues.
Many terracotta statues were created using molds. Some statues served
as or on ossuaries for human remains. May have traces of paint,
pigment, and/or plaster. Forms may be stylized. May be associated with
religious activity, games, or toys. Includes terracotta molds.
Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
2. Architectural Elements--Includes terracotta bricks, cornices,
mihrabs, mosaics, niches, panels, pillars, pipes, tiles, window
screens, and other elements used functionally or decoratively in
buildings and mosaics. Bricks may be cut, carved, or molded to form
decorative patterns on building exteriors. Mosaic designs include
animals, humans, and geometric, floral, and/or vegetal motifs. Panels
and tiles may be painted, plastered, or have traces of paint or
plaster. Glazed tiles, porcelain tiles, and glazed bricks are well-
known from the Middle Mongolian through the Uzbek Periods, used to
decorate civic and religious architecture. Tiles may be rectangular,
square, polygonal, or curved, or take three-dimensional forms, such as
stalactites and muqarnas. Tiles may be carved, incised, impressed,
molded, painted, and/or glazed with decorations in the form of animals,
humans, interwoven or repeating geometric, star, floral, and/or vegetal
motifs and patterns, and/or calligraphic writing in Arabic or Persian;
or they may be inlaid as mosaics that form these designs. Glaze may be
clear, monochrome, and/or polychrome; colors such as blue, turquoise,
yellow, green, red, black, and white are common. Polychrome glaze may
be applied in the cuerda seca technique, with ridges in relief
containing the color. Gilding or gold leaf may be applied. Approximate
date: 708-1773 C.E.
3. Vessels--Includes utilitarian vessels, fine tableware, lamps,
ossuaries, special-purpose vessels, and other ceramic objects of
everyday use produced in many periods of Uzbekistan's history.
Approximate date: 5,000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
a. Neolithic--Includes earthenware vessels. Vessel types include
bowls, cups, goblets, jars, vases, and other forms. Some vessels were
painted with floral, geometric, and/or vegetal motifs or have incised
or stamped decoration. May be undecorated. Approximate date: 5,000-3000
B.C.E.
b. Bronze Age through Late Antiquity Periods--Includes earthenware
vessels that may have a pink, peach, orange, or gray core. Vessel types
include conventional shapes such as basins, beakers, bottles, bowls,
goblets, jars, pitchers, storage vessels, vases, as well other forms,
such as cosmetic jars, incense burners, lamps, ossuaries, stands, and
table amphorae. Vessel forms may have pedestalled bases and/or handles.
Surface treatments may include glaze, slip, paint, and/or burnishing/
polishing. Slip colors vary, but are typically buff, grey/black, or
red. Decorative techniques include incised, stamped, and impressed
decorations, including grooving, roulette, stamping, and other
techniques. Stamps used for decoration range from simple geometric
patterns to rosettes to elaborate scenes combining animal, floral,
geometric, and/or vegetal designs. Some ceramic vessels were painted,
designs vary but may include geometric, linear, or vegetal designs.
Some vessels, like ossuaries, may have elaborate shapes created using
molds; these shapes include chests with gabled lids and anthropomorphic
forms. High-relief surface decorative techniques may include affixing
or carving animal heads, scenes, or rosettes to the exterior surface of
a vessel. Examples include Greco-Bactrian vessels that range from plain
to having multiple types of surface treatment and decorative
techniques. Some Late Antiquity vessel forms may have uniformly glazed
ceramics in green, blue-green, or yellow glazes, while utilitarian
forms may be unglazed. Includes lids of ceramic vessels. Approximate
date: 3000 B.C.E.-700 C.E.
c. Islamic Periods--Includes earthenware vessels (often red and
buff) and porcelain. Vessel types may form conventional shapes such as
bowls, cups, dishes, ewers, flasks, ink stands, jars, jugs, platters,
saucers, trays, and other types such as incense burners, ink pots,
footed vessels, and zoomorphic shapes. May be hand-built, molded, or
wheel thrown. Some common kitchenware ceramics were unglazed. Surface
treatments may include slip, polishing, burnishing, stamping, and
others. Vessels may have slip and paint. Other decorative techniques
include incisions; high-relief carvings or additions; painted designs
with anthropomorphic, floral, geometric, vegetal, and/or zoomorphic
motifs; and/or inscriptions in multiple languages and scripts. Vessels
may have colorless lead, monochrome, or polychrome glazing. Vessels may
be colorful. Common colors include black, blue, brown, green, olive,
tomato red, turquoise, yellow, and white. Glazed plates and bowls with
inscriptions and/or stylized animals on a white background or with
designs in black and white on an ochre-brown background are typical of
the Samanid period. Includes lids of ceramic vessels. Approximate date:
700-1773 C.E.
4. Beads, Jewelry, and Ornaments--Includes bangles, beads,
bracelets, buttons, ear spools, inlays, masks, rings, and spindle
whorls, made of faience and terracotta. Approximate date: 12,000
B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
C. Metal--Includes copper, gold, silver, iron, lead, tin, electrum,
and alloys such as bronze, brass, pewter, and steel. Metal objects were
produced in many periods of Uzbekistan's history. Approximate date:
3000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
1. Containers and Vessels--Vessel types include conventional shapes
such as basins, bowls, braziers, cauldrons, cups, dishes, ewers,
flacons, jars, jugs, lamps, plates, platters, stands, table ornaments,
and utensils, and may also include cosmetic containers, candlesticks,
incense burners, medicine droppers, reliquaries (and their contents),
spouted vessels, trays, and tripod stands. Includes lids, spouts, and
handles of vessels. Metal containers may have been decorated by chasing
(embossing), engraving, gilding, inlaying, punching, and/or
repouss[eacute] (relief hammering). Designs include, but are not
limited to, inscriptions in various languages and scripts, arabesque
(intertwining) motifs, geometric, floral, and vegetal motifs, animal
motifs, and portrait busts or scenes of human figures, such as
ceremonial, banquet, or hunt scenes. Some containers may be inlaid with
precious or semi-precious stones. Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773
C.E.
[[Page 18920]]
2. Jewelry and Personal Adornments--Types include, but are not
limited to, amulets, belt-buckles, bracelets, buttons, crowns,
earrings, mirrors, necklaces, pendants, pins, plaques, and finger
rings. May have been decorated by chasing (embossing),
cloisonn[eacute], enameling, engraving, filigree, gilding, granulation,
inlaying, and/or repouss[eacute] (relief hammering). May be inlaid with
precious or semi-precious stones. Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773
C.E.
3. Tools and Instruments--Types include, but are not limited to,
awls, axes, bells, blades, celts, knives, needles, projectiles,
socketed axes, spatulas, spearheads, and tools of craftspersons such as
carpenters, masons, and metal smiths. Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-
1773 C.E.
4. Weapons and Armor--Includes body armor, such as helmets, shin
guards, shields, horse armor and bits. Launching weapons (arrowheads,
spears, and javelins); hand-to-hand combat weapons (swords, daggers);
and sheaths. Some weapons may be highly decorative and include inlays
of other types of metals, precious stones, or semi-precious stones in
the sheaths and hilts. Approximate date: 2000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
5. Coins--Ancient coins commonly found in Uzbekistan include gold,
silver, copper, and copper alloy coins in a variety of denominations.
Includes gold and silver ingots, which may be plain and/or inscribed.
Some of the most well-known types are described below:
a. Achaemenid period coins, including Darics, Sigloi, Late
Achaemenid Anatolian currencies. Approximate date: 550-330 B.C.E.
b. Greco-Bactrian coins, include gold staters, silver tetradrachms,
silver and bronze drachms, and a small number of punch-marked coins.
The bust of the king, the king on horseback, or an animal were on the
obverse, and images of Greek deities or various symbols were on the
reverse with the king's name written in Greek. Local rulers also minted
imitations of these types. Approximate date: 250-125 B.C.E.
c. Kushan Dynasty coins include silver tetradrachms, copper coins,
bronze didrachms, and gold dinars. Imagery includes portrait busts
(Augustus type) or standing figures of the king with his emblem
(tamgha). Classical Greek and Zoroastrian deities and images of the
Buddha are depicted on the reverse. Approximate date: 19-230 C.E.
d. Kushano-Sasanian or Kushanshah coins include gold dinars, silver
tetradrachms, and copper alloy denominations. Some Kushano-Sasanian
coins followed the Kushan style of imagery, while others resemble
Sasanian coins with the bust of the king wearing a large crown and
Zoroastrian fire altars and deities. Inscriptions are written in
Bactrian, Brahmi, or Pahlavi scripts. Approximate date: 225-365 C.E.
e. Hunnic (Hephthalite and Kidarite) coins include silver drachms,
silver dinars, and small copper and bronze coins. Hephthalite coins
resemble Sasanian coins with a portrait bust of the king on the obverse
and a Zoroastrian fire altar on the reverse. Approximate date: late 4th
to mid-8th centuries C.E.
f. Sogdian coins include bronze and silver dirhams and drachms.
Some Sogdian coins are cast with a central hole, similar to coins from
the Tang Dynasty in China. Sogdian coins may include imagery of
Zoroastrian fire altars, rulers, portrait busts in profile, horse and
rider, camels, and lions. Coins may have inscriptions in Sogdian
scripts. Approximate dates: 4th to 9th centuries C.E.
g. Samanid, Karakhanid, Khorezmshah dynasty coins include bronze,
copper, silver, and gold dinars and jitals and silver dirhams. Coins of
these dynasties usually display Arabic inscriptions on both faces. Some
Karakhanid coins have punch marks, like coins from the Tang Dynasty.
Some Khorezmshah coins may have imagery of an elephant or horse with
rider. Approximate date: 800-1250 C.E.
h. Chaghatai and Timurid coins include silver and copper tangas and
dinars. Both coin types are decorated with Arabic inscriptions.
Approximate date: 1227-1507 C.E.
i. Khanates of Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand coins include copper,
silver, and gold tangas; gold dinars; silver tetradrachms; gold ashfris
and tillos or tillas. Coin types are decorated with inscriptions. Coins
may be associated with the Janid, Shaybanid, or other dynasties.
Approximate date: 1500-1773 C.E.
6. Statuary, Ornaments, and other Decorated Objects--Primarily in
copper, gold, silver, bronze, or alloys of copper, tin, lead, and zinc.
Includes free-standing or supported statuary; relief plaques or
tablets; votive ornaments; and other ornaments. Decoration may include
humans, animals, mythological figures (e.g., griffins or horned lions),
and/or scenes of activity. Plaques or tablets may have been cast,
chased, and/or embossed. Plaques and tablets may have inlay of other
types of material. Statuary includes objects fashioned as humans,
animals, or mythological figures; miniature chariots; wheeled carts;
and other types of objects. Decorative elements may include floral,
geometric, or vegetal motifs; inscriptions in multiple languages or
scripts. Statuary includes naturalized and stylized forms. Approximate
date: 3000 B.C.E.-1500 C.E.
7. Stamps and Seals--Primarily in cast bronze, and alloys of
copper, tin lead, and zinc; includes stamps and seals in gold or
silver. Types include amulets, rings, small devices with engraving on
one side, and others. Stamps and seals may have engravings that include
animals, human figures, geometric designs, inscriptions in various
languages and scripts, and/or floral/vegetal motifs. May be
compartmented or have inlay of other types of material. Approximate
date: 3000 B.C.E.-1500 C.E.
8. Architectural Elements--Includes finials, fittings, and
ornaments in metal on doors, windows, domes, and fountains. Approximate
date: 600-1773 C.E.
D. Plaster, Stucco, and Unfired Clay (also called ganch or
gypsum)--Includes animal figures, bas relief elements, ceiling
decoration, columns, emblems, friezes, human figures, reliefs,
medallions, ornaments, panels, plaques, roundels, tiles, vaults, wall
decorations, window screens, and other architectural and non-
architectural decoration or sculpture. There may be traces of paint,
glaze, and/or gilding. Stucco panels may have elaborate scenes of
animals, human activity, and/or floral, geometric, and vegetal
patterns. Stucco panels may have been made with molds. Stucco figures
and objects may have strong resemblance to Hellenistic styles. Painted
clay objects and statues are often represented as single individuals,
such as a Buddha, Bodhisattva, member of a royal house, or a male or
female patron of a religious complex. Unfired clay roundels with
stamped impressions used as sealing material are included. Approximate
date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
E. Painting--Includes murals, wall paintings, and fragments of
murals and wall paintings, often having a white base coat on ground
clay mixed with vegetal matter. Subjects vary, but images of the
Buddha, human figures, animals, landscapes, or mythical figures in
thematic or heraldic scenes, ornamental motifs, and/or scenes from
court life or religious activity are common. May include inscriptions
in various scripts and languages. Some paintings may have three
dimensional elements, such as trees and rosettes, often created from
heavy layers of plaster (also called ganch). Paintings may have traces
of
[[Page 18921]]
gold leaf. Approximate date: 3rd century-1773 C.E.
F. Ivory, Bone, and Shell
1. Jewelry and Items of Personal Adornment--Primarily made from
animal bone, animal teeth, bird bone, cowrie shell, horn, mother of
pearl, shell, and tusks. Includes beads, buckles, buttons, combs,
jewelry inlay, and others.
2. Containers, Handles, Statuary, Tools, and other Non-
Architectural Objects--Includes awls, game die, handles on daggers,
mirrors, needles, pins, plaques, pyxides/pyxis, rhytons, spoons,
spinning and weaving tools, statuary/figurines, and other personal
objects.
3. Furniture--Includes arms, brackets, handles, finials,
footstools, and legs of chairs, chests, trunks, and other types of
furniture.
G. Glass
1. Architectural Elements--Mosaics and stained glass with various
designs and colors. May be part of large designs with floral,
geometric, and/or vegetal motifs, often with religious imagery.
Includes glass inlay used in architectural elements. Glass
architectural materials are typically associated with mausoleums,
mosques, and religious buildings. Approximate date: 800-1773 C.E.
2. Beads, Jewelry, and Ornaments--Includes beads that may be
cylindrical, spherical, conical, disc, and others. Decorations may
include bevels, incisions, and/or raised decoration. Glass beads may be
used to adorn clothing, jewelry, ornaments, and other objects. Includes
glass inlay used in other types of beads and/or jewelry. Approximate
date: 1st century-1773 C.E.
3. Vessels--Vessel types may form conventional shapes such as
beakers, bowls, cups, dishes, flasks, goblets, jars, lamps, mugs,
perfume bottles, and vases, and other shapes such as cosmetic
containers, medicine droppers, reliquaries, and others. Some vessel
types may have been blown into molds or created using stamps. May have
decorative elements including, but not limited to, simple geometric
patterns or high-relief patterns including honeycomb patterns and
waves. May be monochrome or polychrome. Approximate date: 800-1773 C.E.
4. Ornaments--Includes glass figurines and glass medallions.
Figurines may be in the shape of animals, such as birds. Includes glass
medallions, which may have impressed or relief patterns, such as
animals, fish, hunting scenes, vegetal patterns, and others.
Approximate date: 800-1773 C.E.
H. Leather, Birch Bark, Vellum, Parchment, and Paper
1. Manuscripts--Manuscripts, portions of manuscripts, and works on
paper include handmade, handwritten, hand-illustrated and/or
illuminated scrolls, sheets, bound volumes, and their bindings.
Includes fragments. Writing, illustrations, and/or illuminations in
ink, paint, and gold may be found on various media, including but not
limited to, parchment, vellum, cotton, silk, and paper. Bindings may be
composed of leather, wood, cloth, paper, and/or paste or pulp board.
Texts may be written in various scripts and languages, including
Kharosthi, Arabic, Persian, Uzbek, Turkish, other Turkic languages,
Tajik, Pashto, Sogdian, Khwarezmian/Khorezmian, Manichaean, and others.
Includes both religious texts and texts with secular content. Topics
include, but are not limited to, astronomy, astrology, biography,
botany, genealogy, history, law, literature, mathematics, medicine,
memoir, natural sciences, philosophy, poetry, Islamic scriptures
(Qu'ran and hadith), theology, and travel. Includes letters, documents,
and records of all kinds. Manuscripts may have monochrome, bichrome,
polychrome, and/or gold handmade decorations, decoupage and stenciled
motifs, illustrations, and/or illuminations, as decorative borders,
margins, frames, medallions, cartouches, illuminated frontispieces
(sar-lawh) or headpieces (unwan), paintings, or scientific,
astronomical, or mathematical diagrams. Decorative elements include
arabesque (intertwining), geometric, floral, and/or vegetal motifs.
Paper may be tinted and/or speckled with gold. Book paintings may
depict animals, plants, and humans, including portraiture; landscapes
and architectural scenes; and/or scenes of human activities, such as
court audiences and ceremonies, encounters, hunting, falconry, battles,
travel, and historical, religious, mythological, or legendary events.
Bindings may be decorated with paint, lacquer, inlay, and/or engraved,
tooled, impressed, or stamped designs and/or inscriptions. Approximate
date: 600-1773 C.E.
2. Items of Personal Adornment--Primarily in leather, including
bracelets, belts, bow cases, necklaces, quivers, saddles, sandals,
shoes, and other types of jewelry. May be embroidered or embellished
with other types of materials. Leather goods may have also been used in
conjunction with other types of textiles.
I. Textiles--Includes silk, linen, cotton, hemp, wool, and other
woven materials used in basketry and other household goods, burial
shrouds, clothing, shoes, jewelry, and items of personal adornment,
prayer cloths, tent coverings, and domestic textiles, carpets, and
others. Decorative techniques may include embroidery with various
motifs, including, but not limited to, animals, floral, geometric, and
vegetal patterns/motifs or textiles may be undecorated. May have
patterns woven into the body of the textile. May have traces of paint.
May be embroidered or embellished with other types of materials.
Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773 C.E.
J. Wood, Shell, and other Organic Material--Includes architectural
pieces made from wood; columns; statuary and figurines; furniture;
jewelry and other items of personal adornment; musical instruments;
decorative panels; vessels and containers; and engraved stamps and
seals from archaeological contexts. Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.-1773
C.E.
K. Human Remains--Includes human and other hominin remains and
fragments of hominin remains, including skeletal remains, soft tissue,
and ash from the human body that may be preserved in burials,
reliquaries, and other contexts.
II. Ethnological Material
Ethnological material includes architectural elements, funerary
objects, Islamic religious and ceremonial objects, and manuscripts
associated with Uzbekistan's diverse history from 600 C.E. through 1917
C.E.
A. Architectural Elements--Architectural elements are found in
stone, ceramic or terracotta, plaster or stucco, wood, and other
painted media used to decorate civic and religious architecture.
Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
1. Stone--Includes elements in alabaster, gypsum, jasper,
limestone, marble, onyx, and other stones. Includes bricks and blocks
from walls, ceilings, and floors; balustrades; columns, including
capitals and bases; cornices; mihrabs; panels; pillars, including
capitals and bases; plinths; railings; slabs; screens; and others. May
be plain, carved in relief, incised, inlaid, or inscribed in various
languages and scripts. May be painted and/or gilded. Approximate date:
600-1917 C.E.
2. Ceramic and Terracotta--Includes bricks, cornices, mihrabs,
mosaics, niches, panels, pillars, tiles, window screens (panjara), and
other elements as decorative elements in or on civic and religious
buildings and made from terracotta (fired clay) or faience. Bricks may
be cut, carved, or molded to form
[[Page 18922]]
decorative patterns on building facades. Tiles may be rectangular,
square, polygonal, or curved, or take three-dimensional forms, such as
stalactites and muqarnas. Tiles, bricks, and panels may be plain, or
they may be painted and/or glazed; they may bear plaster or gypsum
decoration. Tiles may be carved, incised, impressed, molded, painted,
and/or glazed with decorations in the form of animals, humans,
interwoven or repeating geometric, star, floral, and/or vegetal motifs
and patterns, and/or calligraphic writing in Arabic or Persian; or they
may be inlaid as mosaics that form these designs. Glaze may be clear,
monochrome, and/or polychrome; colors such as blue, turquoise, yellow,
green, red, black, and white are common. Polychrome glaze may be
applied in the cuerda seca technique, with ridges in relief that
contain the color. Gilding or gold leaf may be applied. Approximate
date: 600-1917 C.E.
3. Metal--Includes finials, fittings, and ornaments in metal on
doors, windows, domes, and fountains. Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
4. Plaster and Stucco, also called ganch or gypsum--Includes
ceiling decoration or tracery, friezes, panels, reliefs, tiles, vaults,
wall decoration, and other types. May be carved or molded in high or
low relief; painted or bear traces of paint; gilded; glazed; and/or
inscribed in various languages and scripts. Designs may include human,
animal, and mythical figures, heraldic motifs, interwoven geometric,
star, floral, and/or vegetal patterns. Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
5. Paintings and Frescoes--Includes paintings and frescoes on the
walls and ceilings of civic and religious buildings, and fragments
thereof. Motifs include human, animal, bird, and mythical figures in
thematic or heraldic scenes; plants and trees in landscapes or as part
of geometric designs; interwoven geometric, floral, and/or vegetal
designs; and inscriptions in Sogdian, Arabic, or Persian. Paintings can
be monochrome or polychrome and may also bear gilding or gold leaf.
Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
6. Glass--Includes glass pieces or tiles arranged in mosaic fashion
to create geometric, floral, and/or vegetal designs on architectural
surfaces or in windows. Glass may be mirrored or stained. Approximate
date: 1000-1917 C.E.
7. Wood--Includes hand-carved arches, bases, beams, capitals,
ceilings, columns, column-bases, doors, door frames, friezes, jambs,
lintels, mihrabs, minbars, niches, jambs, panels, posts, screens,
shutters, window frames and fittings, and window screens, or parts
thereof, used as structural elements in and/or to decorate civic or
religious architecture. These architectural elements may have been
reused for new purposes, such as a wood panel used as a table or a door
jamb used as a bench. May be carved, grooved, incised, inlaid with
other materials, and/or painted; carving may appear in low or high
relief. Designs include human, animal, and bird figures, interwoven
geometric, floral, and/or vegetal motifs, and/or inscriptions in Arabic
or Persian. Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
B. Funerary Objects--Found in stones such as alabaster, jade,
limestone, marble, and others, as well as in wood. Includes memorial
markers, tombstones, cenotaphs, sepulchers, and stelas. Tombstones may
take a stepped shape (sagan) and be raised on a plinth (dakhma).
Markers, stelas, or cenotaphs may bear the design of a niche. May be
carved, engraved, or incised with interwoven geometric, floral, and/or
vegetal motifs, and/or inscriptions in Arabic, Persian, or other
languages. Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
C. Islamic Religious and Ceremonial Objects--Includes moveable
objects typically used in Islamic communal religious and ceremonial
settings in all materials. Primarily in stone, metal, ceramic or clay,
glass, wood, bone, ivory, textiles, leather, and other organic
materials. Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
1. Non-Architectural Monuments--Primarily in stone (especially
alabaster, limestone, and marble) or metal (especially copper, bronze,
and brass). Types include plaques and stelae with religious, floral,
geometric, or arabesque (intertwining) motifs; may bear Arabic or
Persian inscriptions.
2. Vessels and Containers--Includes vessels and containers used in
religious and ceremonial settings in stone, metal (especially silver,
copper, bronze, brass, and other alloys), ceramic, glass, wood, bone,
ivory, leather, lacquered papier-m[acirc]ch[eacute], and other
materials. Types include lamps and lanterns; incense burners and
braziers; candlesticks, candelabras, and sconces from religious
settings; alms or begging bowls (kashkul); and scroll or manuscript
containers, such as boxes, pouches, chests, cases, or caskets used to
hold a Qu'ran or other Islamic religious text. May be plain or
decorated with intertwining floral, geometric, or vegetal motifs; may
bear Arabic or Persian inscriptions.
3. Furniture--Primarily in wood and stone. Types include pulpits
(minbars), prayer niches (mihrabs), screens, Qu'ran holders or stands,
lecterns, study tables, cabinets, and other furniture used in religious
and ceremonial settings. May be carved, incised, painted, gilded, and/
or inlaid with other materials; may be decorated with interwoven
geometric, floral, and/or vegetal motifs, and/or inscriptions in Arabic
or Persian.
4. Textiles--Includes textiles used for religious and ceremonial
purposes, primarily in linen, silk, and wool. Types include banners,
hangings, and curtains used in religious and ceremonial settings;
shrine covers; and shrouds. Often woven or embroidered in bright colors
with interwoven geometric, floral, or vegetal designs, and/or Arabic or
Persian inscriptions.
D. Manuscripts--Manuscripts, portions of manuscripts, and works on
paper include handmade, handwritten, hand-illustrated and/or
illuminated scrolls, sheets, bound volumes, and their bindings.
Includes fragments. Writing, illustrations, and/or illuminations in
ink, paint, and gold may be found on various media, including but not
limited to, parchment, vellum, cotton, silk, and paper. Samarkand,
Herat, Bukhara, and Kokand paper are particularly common, but paper of
Chinese, Indian, Kashmir, European, Russian, Middle Eastern, other
Central Asian, and other origins was also used. Bindings may be
composed of leather, wood, cloth, paper, and/or paste or pulp board.
Box bindings and bindings with or without a fore-edge flap are typical.
Texts may be written in various scripts and languages, including
Arabic, Persian, Uzbek, Turkish, other Turkic languages, Tajik, Pashto,
Sogdian, Khwarezmian/Khorezmian, Manichaean, and others. Includes both
Islamic religious texts and texts with secular content. Topics include,
but are not limited to, astronomy, astrology, biography, botany,
genealogy, history, law, literature, mathematics, medicine, memoir,
natural sciences, philosophy, poetry, Islamic scriptures (Qu'ran and
hadith), theology, and travel. Manuscripts may have monochrome,
bichrome, polychrome, and/or gold handmade decorations, decoupage and
stenciled motifs, illustrations, and/or illuminations, as decorative
borders, margins, frames, medallions, cartouches, illuminated
frontispieces (sar-lawh) or headpieces (unwan), paintings, or
scientific, astronomical, or mathematical diagrams. Decorative elements
include arabesque (intertwining), geometric, floral, and/or vegetal
motifs. Paper may be tinted and/or speckled with gold. Book paintings
may depict animals, plants, and humans, including portraiture;
landscapes and architectural scenes; and/or scenes of human activities,
such
[[Page 18923]]
as court audiences and ceremonies, encounters, hunting, falconry,
battles, travel, and historical, religious, mythological, or legendary
events. Bindings may be decorated with paint, lacquer, inlay, and/or
engraved, tooled, impressed, or stamped designs and/or inscriptions.
Approximate date: 600-1917 C.E.
References
History of Civilizations in Central Asia. Volume V. Development in
Contrast: From the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century, 2003, C.
Adle, et al., UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
History of Civilizations in Central Asia. Volume IV. The Age of
Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Part One:
The Historical, Social, and Economic Setting, 1998, M.S. Asimov and
C.E. Bosworth, UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
Habitat and Occupancy during the Bronze Age in Central Asia Recent
work at the sites of Ulug-depe (Turkmenistan) and Dzharkutan
(Uzbekistan), in Urban Cultures of Central Asia from the Bronze Age
to the Karakhanids, 2016, J. Bendezu-Sarmiento and J. Lhuillier,
Proceedings of the First International Congress on Central Asian
Archaeology: University of Bern.
History of Civilizations in Central Asia. Volume IV. The Age of
Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Part Two:
The Achievements, 2000, C.E. Bosworth and M.S. Asimov, UNESCO
Publishing, Paris.
History of Civilizations in Central Asia, Volume I. The Dawn of
Civilization: Earliest Times to 700 B.C., 1992, A.H. Dani and V.M.
Masson, UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
Bronze Age Central Asia, 2014, P.D. Dupuy, The Oxford Handbook of
Topics in Archaeology: Oxford University Press.
Architectural Ceramics of Uzbekistan, 2006, N.S. Grazhdankina, et
al., UNESCO Office in Tashkent.
History of Civilizations in Central Asia, Volume II. The Development
of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250, 1994,
J. Harmatta, et al., UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
History of Civilizations in Central Asia. Volume III. The Crossroads
of Civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, 1996, B.A. Litvinksy et al.,
UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
The Artistic Culture of Central Asia and Azerbaijan in the 9th-15th
Centuries: Volume I: Ceramics, 2011, A. Khakimov, International
Institute for Central Asian Studies: Samarkand-Tashkent.
Masterpieces of the Samarkand Museum, 2004, A. Khakimov, et al.,
State Museum of History and Culture of Uzbekistan: Tashkent.
The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World, 2021, R. Mairs, Routledge,
Abingdon.
The Islamic World, 1987, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
The Treasury of Oriental Manuscripts: Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni Institute
of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 2012, UNESCO Office in Tashkent and The Academy of
Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Abu Rayhan al-Biruni
Institute of Oriental Studies, UNESCO Office in Tashkent.
Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date
This amendment involves a foreign affairs function of the United
States and is, therefore, being made without notice or public procedure
under 5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1). For the same reason, a delayed effective date
is not required under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).
Executive Order 12866
Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) directs
agencies to assess the costs and benefits of available regulatory
alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory
approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic,
environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts,
and equity). CBP has determined that this document is not a regulation
or rule subject to the provisions of Executive Order 12866 because it
pertains to a foreign affairs function of the United States, as
described above, and therefore is specifically exempted by section
3(d)(2) of Executive Order 12866.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended
by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996,
requires an agency to prepare and make available to the public a
regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of a proposed
rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small organizations,
and small governmental jurisdictions) when the agency is required to
publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking for a rule. Since a
general notice of proposed rulemaking is not necessary for this rule,
CBP is not required to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis for
this rule.
Signing Authority
In accordance with Treasury Order 100-20, the Secretary of the
Treasury delegated to the Secretary of Homeland Security the authority
related to the customs revenue functions vested in the Secretary of the
Treasury as set forth in 6 U.S.C. 212 and 215, subject to certain
exceptions. This regulation is being issued in accordance with DHS
Directive 07010.3, Revision 03.2, which delegates to the Commissioner
of CBP the authority to prescribe and approve regulations related to
cultural property import restrictions.
Pete Flores, Acting Commissioner, having reviewed and approved this
document, has delegated the authority to electronically sign this
document to the Director (or Acting Director, if applicable) of the
Regulations and Disclosure Law Division of CBP, for purposes of
publication in the Federal Register.
List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12
Cultural property, Customs duties and inspection, Imports,
Prohibited merchandise, and Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Amendment to the CBP Regulations
For the reasons set forth above, part 12 of title 19 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (19 CFR part 12), is amended as set forth below:
PART 12--SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE
0
1. The general authority citation for part 12 and the specific
authority citation for Sec. 12.104g continue to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i),
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624.
* * * * *
Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C.
2612;
* * * * *
0
2. In Sec. 12.104g, amend the table in paragraph (a) by adding
Uzbekistan to the list in appropriate alphabetical order as follows:
Sec. 12.104g Specific items or categories designated by agreements or
emergency actions.
(a) * * *
[[Page 18924]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State party Cultural property Decision No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Uzbekistan.................................... Archaeological materials representing CBP 25-04
Uzbekistan's cultural heritage ranging from
approximately 50,000 B.C.E. to 1773 C.E., and
ethnological materials ranging from
approximately 600 C.E. to 1917 C.E.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
Robert F. Altneu,
Director, Regulations and Disclosure Law Division, Regulations and
Rulings, Office of Trade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
[FR Doc. 2025-07849 Filed 5-2-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P
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