Rule2024-31396
Air Plan Revisions; California; Feather River Air Quality Management District
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
December 31, 2024
Effective
January 30, 2025
Issuing agencies
Environmental Protection Agency
Abstract
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking final action to approve a revision to the Feather River Air Quality Management District (FRAQMD) portion of the California State Implementation Plan (SIP). This revision concerns a rule submitted to address section 185 of the Clean Air Act (CAA or "Act").
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 89 Issue 250 (Tuesday, December 31, 2024)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 250 (Tuesday, December 31, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 107012-107015]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2024-31396]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA-R09-OAR-2023-0649; FRL-11647-02-R9]
Air Plan Revisions; California; Feather River Air Quality
Management District
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking final
action to approve a revision to the Feather River Air Quality
Management District (FRAQMD) portion of the California State
Implementation Plan (SIP). This revision concerns a rule submitted to
address section 185 of the Clean Air Act (CAA or ``Act'').
DATES: This rule is effective January 30, 2025.
ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under
Docket ID No. EPA-R09-OAR-2023-0649. All documents in the docket are
listed on the <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> website. Although listed in
the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g.,
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket
materials are available through <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>, or please
contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section for additional availability information. If you need assistance
in a language other than English or if you are a person with a
disability who needs a reasonable accommodation at no cost to you,
please contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT section.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mae Wang, EPA Region IX, 75 Hawthorne
St., San Francisco, CA 94105; phone: (415) 947-4137; email:
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a7d0c6c9c089cac6c2e7c2d7c689c0c8d1"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="4a3d2b242d64272b2f0a2f3a2b642d253c">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document, ``we,'' ``us'' and
``our'' refer to the EPA.
Table of Contents
I. Proposed Action
II. Public Comments and EPA Responses
III. EPA Action
IV. Incorporation by Reference
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. Proposed Action
On February 12, 2024 (89 FR 9813), the EPA proposed to approve the
following rule into the California SIP.
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Local agency Rule No. Rule title Amended Submitted
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FRAQMD......... 7.15 Clean Air Act 04/04/2022 07/05/2022
Nonattainment
Fees.
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We proposed to approve this rule because we determined that it
complies with the relevant CAA requirements. Our proposed action
contains more information on the rule and our evaluation.
II. Public Comments and EPA Responses
The EPA's proposed action provided a 30-day public comment period.
During this period, we received five comments. Three of these comments
were supportive of our proposed action, one was not germane to the
action, and one stated that the rule submittal is not approvable. All
the comments can be found in the docket for this rulemaking. We thank
the commenters for their input. One of these commenters in support of
the proposed action asked why there was no mention of California and
COVID-19. FRAQMD Rule 7.15 was adopted and submitted to address the CAA
section 185 fee program for Federal ozone nonattainment areas. Because
COVID-19 does not bear on whether or not the submitted rule fulfills
the requirements of section 185 of the CAA, we do not consider COVID-19
relevant to this rulemaking.
The comment in opposition to our proposed action was submitted from
Air Law for All, Ltd., on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity
(the commenter from here on referred to as ``ALFA'' or ``the
commenter''). We have summarized below the substance of the comments
from ALFA, identifying discrete points made by the commenter, and
responding to each in turn.
Before responding to the issues raised by the commenter, we will
first correct two factual misstatements in the comment letter. In the
Background section of ALFA's comment letter, the commenter states that
``In 2012, EPA determined that the area had met the 1-hour standards by
the applicable attainment date for those standards.'' The reference
cited was an EPA action on October 18, 2012 (77 FR 64036). In that
action, the EPA determined that complete, quality-assured, and
certified air quality data for the Sacramento Metro 1-hour ozone
nonattainment area show continuous attainment for the 1-hour ozone
national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) since 2009. We would
like to clarify that this clean data finding was not a determination
that the area had attained the NAAQS by the applicable attainment date,
but instead a finding that the area had achieved attaining levels of
air quality for the 2009-2011 period, which was after the applicable
attainment date. The commenter also incorrectly stated, ``For the 2008
8-hour standards, the applicable attainment date is December 31,
2027.'' The applicable attainment date for the Sacramento Metro ozone
nonattainment area for the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS is July 20, 2027.
See 40 CFR 51.1103(a) Table 1, 77 FR 30160 (May 21, 2012) and 80 FR
12264 (March 6, 2015).
Comment #1: The commenter states that the EPA has not carried out
its duty to determine whether the Sacramento Metro nonattainment area
has attained the 1997 8-hour NAAQS by the June 15, 2019 attainment
date. The commenter states that ``[t]his information is germane to
EPA's action, as the failure to attain would trigger the ozone fee
requirement, for which the public and the regulated community must
receive notice.'' Therefore, the commenter claims that ``EPA's proposal
notice is insufficient, because it gives no notice of the legal
consequences of EPA's approval.''
[[Page 107013]]
Response #1: It is not clear in what manner the commenter is
alleging that the proposal notice is insufficient regarding the lack of
notice of the ``legal consequences'' of the EPA's approval. As an
initial matter, the commenter is correct that, as of the time of this
action, the EPA has not made a determination as to whether the
Sacramento Metro ozone nonattainment area attained the 1997 8-hour
ozone NAAQS by the applicable attainment date. The commenter appears to
be asserting that the approvability of a CAA section 185 rule
submission depends in some way on whether or not the EPA has made such
a finding, and because the EPA has not yet done so, the proposed rule
did not sufficiently detail the legal consequences of approving Rule
7.15 into the SIP. The approvability of a section 185 rule submission
does not depend on whether or not the EPA has previously made a finding
that the area has failed to attain the relevant NAAQS. In some
instances, the EPA has approved section 185 programs after making a
finding that the area has failed to attain by the applicable attainment
date.\1\ In other instances, the EPA has approved a section 185 program
prior to determining whether an area has attained the standard by the
applicable attainment date.\2\ The legal consequences of approving
FRAQMD Rule 7.15 into the SIP are clear. Rule 7.15 section C.1 provides
that fees will be assessed for emissions in the previous calendar year,
beginning the year after the effective date of an EPA finding published
in the Federal Register that the area has not attained an ozone NAAQS
by the attainment date. The fact that the EPA has not made such a
finding at the time the rule was adopted, submitted, or approved into
the SIP is not relevant to the approvability of Rule 7.15. If the EPA
in a future rulemaking proposes to find that the area failed to attain
the 1997 ozone NAAQS by the applicable attainment date, or that it did
attain the 1997 ozone NAAQS by the applicable attainment date, such
finding would itself be subject to notice and comment via a separate
Federal Register notice at that time. Should the EPA finalize a finding
that the area failed to attain by the applicable attainment date, then
pursuant to Rule 7.15 section C.1, fees would be assessed for emissions
in the previous calendar year. Accordingly, the EPA disagrees with the
commenters' assertion that the EPA's notice does not give sufficient
notice of the legal consequences of approving Rule 7.15 into the
California SIP.
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\1\ See, e.g., 76 FR 82133, December 30, 2011 (finding that the
Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin Area and the San Joaquin Valley
Area did not attain the 1-hour ozone NAAQS by the applicable
attainment date); 77 FR 50021, August 20, 2012 (approving the
section 185 rule for the 1-hour ozone NAAQS applicable to the San
Joaquin Valley Area); and 77 FR 74372, December 14, 2012 (approving
the section 185 rule for the 1-hour ozone NAAQS applicable to the
South Coast Air Basin).
\2\ See, e.g., 69 FR 77909, December 29, 2004 (approving the
section 185 rule for the 1-hour ozone NAAQS applicable to the
Virginia portion of the Metropolitan Washington DC Severe Ozone
Nonattainment Area); and 73 FR 43360, July 25, 2008 (determining
that the Metropolitan Washington DC nonattainment area attained the
1-hour ozone NAAQS by the applicable attainment date).
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Comment #2: The commenter claims that ozone emission fees are
imposed upon a nonattainment area's failure to attain an ozone NAAQS,
regardless of the timing of an EPA determination that the area failed
to attain. The commenter states that CAA section 185(a) provides that
emission fees must be paid for ``each calendar year beginning after the
attainment date, until the area is redesignated as an attainment area
for ozone.'' Thus, the commenter specifically objects to the language
in FRAQMD Rule 7.15 section C.1 that states, ``beginning in the year
after the effective date of a final determination published in the
Federal Register that the area has not attained the standard by the
attainment date, the Air Pollution Control Officer shall assess the
Clean Air Act Fees for emissions in the previous calendar year.'' The
commenter claims that even though the EPA is overdue in making a
determination that the Sacramento Metro ozone nonattainment area failed
to attain the 1997 ozone NAAQS, CAA section 185(a) requires fees to be
collected for the years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
Response #2: The EPA notes as an initial matter that there are no
major stationary sources in the portion of the Sacramento Metro ozone
nonattainment area regulated by the FRAQMD, nor have there been at any
point since the 2005 attainment date for the 1-hour ozone NAAQS.\3\
Thus, there were no sources in the area subject to the rule in the
years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, and the commenter's statement that
the rule must require fees be collected for those years is without any
practical import because no fees would be owed or collected in any
case. Notwithstanding this fact, the EPA acknowledges that the
hypothetical scenario raised by the commenter could potentially become
relevant if all of the three following conditions were met: (1) the
Sacramento Metro nonattainment area failed to attain a particular ozone
NAAQS by the applicable attainment date for that NAAQS, (2) the EPA
finalized a finding of failure to attain for that NAAQS two or more
calendar years following the attainment year for that NAAQS, and (3) a
new major stationary source had begun operating in the portion of the
Sacramento Metro ozone nonattainment area regulated by the FRAQMD prior
to the year in which the EPA issued its finding of failure to
attain.\4\ In that hypothetical scenario, Rule 7.15 would require such
a source to begin paying fees in the year following the effective date
of the EPA's finding of failure to attain for emissions in the previous
calendar year (that is, for emissions occurring in the calendar year of
the effective date of the EPA's finding of failure to attain), but not
for any emissions in prior years.
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\3\ The staff report for FRAQMD Rule 7.15 confirms that ``There
were no major sources in the SFNA portion of Sutter County when the
Rule 7.15 was adopted in 2010 and there have been no new sources
since that date.'' The submitted staff report, dated March 4, 2022,
also states, ``The District has reviewed all current and pending
permit applications and has determined that there are no applicable
sources in the Sutter County portion of the SFNA. Therefore, Rule
7.15 does not apply to any current or anticipated sources in the
District.'' The EPA's review of available facilities databases and
permit applications shows no new major sources have begun operating
in the relevant area since that time.
\4\ Because the fee obligation in Rule 7.15 becomes applicable
the year after the effective date of an EPA finding of failure to
attain, but applies to emissions from ``the previous calendar
year,'' the rule would collect fees for emissions occurring in the
year the EPA's finding became effective.
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The EPA has not established a comprehensive approach to section 185
fees that may be due retroactively for emissions in years prior to the
EPA issuing a finding of failure to attain. The EPA does not believe
that the present rulemaking, for which the question is only theoretical
and for which there are no identifiable parties at interest, is the
proper forum for establishing a position on section 185 fees that may
be due retroactively. The EPA believes that addressing this question in
a future notice and comment rulemaking would provide a more appropriate
forum for a range of impacted parties to provide input on this
question. We do not believe that the hypothetical scenario above
precludes our approval of Rule 7.15, which will require fees be paid by
any potential future major stationary sources for all ozone NAAQS. Even
if that hypothetical scenario comes to pass for a particular NAAQS in
the future, the EPA could address any potential deficiencies under its
section 185(d) authority (which is discussed in further detail in the
response to Comment #4). As a result, the EPA finds that the timing of
the rule's applicability
[[Page 107014]]
provisions does not preclude our final approval of Rule 7.15.
Comment #3: The commenter claims that ``an emissions fee program
must collect separate emissions fees for each ozone standard for which
an area is classified as Severe or Extreme.'' The commenter further
states, ``For the Feather River rule to be fully approvable, it must
make clear that two separate fees are to be paid if the area fails to
attain both standards. In addition, the baseline appropriate for each
particular standard must be used for each fee. However, the rule text
does not explicitly address this requirement.''
Response #3: The EPA agrees with the commenter's claim that CAA
section 185 fees must be calculated and collected separately for each
ozone NAAQS. However, the EPA disagrees with the commenter's claim that
Rule 7.15 is not sufficiently clear on this point, because Rule 7.15
does require fees to be calculated and paid for each applicable
standard. As stated in the FRAQMD staff report for Rule 7.15, the rule
was amended to include the 8-hour ozone standards because the
originally adopted version of the rule only applied to the 1-hour ozone
standard. The staff report says, ``The amendments would apply to the
existing 8-hour standards that were amended in 1997, 2008, and 2015 and
any future 8-hour standards.''
Additionally, the rule itself in sections A.2 and A.4 refers to
multiple standards. When discussing the cessation of fees, section A.4
states that fees ``for any ozone standard will cease on the effective
date of the United States Environmental Protection Agency final action
redesignating the nonattainment area to attainment for that standard''
(italics added), which indicates that the fee obligation would continue
for each other applicable NAAQS for which the area is still designated
nonattainment and classified as Severe or Extreme. The rule's
definition for the term ``Attainment Year'' in section B.1 also refers
to multiple standards, which is consistent with the conclusion that the
rule addresses the CAA section 185 fee requirement for each individual
standard. Although the EPA notes that the rule language could be more
explicit to state that the fees for each individual NAAQS are assessed
separately, we conclude that the rule is sufficiently clear on this
point.
Comment #4: The commenter states that ``EPA must immediately
promulgate procedures for collecting emissions fees.'' The commenter
claims that the EPA has an independent obligation under CAA section
185(d) to promulgate these procedures regardless of whether a federal
implementation plan obligation is triggered. The commenter also claims
that CAA ``section 185(d) requires the EPA to collect `unpaid fees' if
the state has not done so.'' Additionally, the commenter states that
the EPA has a ``mandatory duty'' under the Act to collect section 185
fees for ``the Sacramento metropolitan ozone area for the years 2020
through 2023, and possibly other nonattainment areas as well.'' The
commenter also notes that ``section 301(a) of the Act requires EPA to
promulgate procedures ensuring `fairness and uniformity' in
implementing and enforcing the Act across EPA's regional offices'' and
suggests that ``a uniform set of procedures for collections of
emissions fees'' is the best approach to do so.
Response #4: The issues raised in this comment are outside the
scope of the current rulemaking. Section 185(d) provides in part:
``If the Administrator has found that the fee provisions of the
implementation plan do not meet the requirements of this section, or if
the Administrator makes a finding that the State is not administering
and enforcing the fee required under this section, the Administrator
shall, in addition to any other action authorized under this
subchapter, collect, in accordance with procedures promulgated by the
Administrator, the unpaid fees required under subsection (a) of this
section.''
According to this provision, the EPA shall collect ``unpaid fees''
required under subsection (a) if either (1) the Administrator has found
that the fee provisions of the SIP do not meet the requirements of
section 185, or (2) the Administrator makes a finding that the State is
not administering and enforcing the section 185 fee obligation. As
explained in the response to Comment #2, there are currently no major
stationary sources in the area regulated by Rule 7.15, nor were there
any major stationary sources in the applicable area in the years 2020
through 2023. As a result, there are no ``unpaid fees'' for the EPA to
collect in the area at issue in this rulemaking. Should the EPA in the
future make either of the above-enumerated findings, and outstanding
unpaid fees exist at that time, the EPA could at that time exercise its
authority under section 185(d) to collect such fees. However, the EPA
is under no obligation to promulgate procedures for doing so in the
FRAQMD at this time, nor are the EPA's potential obligations under
section 185(d) relevant to the approvability of Rule 7.15.
Additionally, any potential section 185 fee obligations for areas
outside of the FRAQMD have no relevance to the approvability of the
present rule submission from the FRAQMD.
Accordingly, the commenter's assertion that the EPA has a
``mandatory duty'' to collect fees for ``the Sacramento metropolitan
ozone area for the years 2020 through 2023, and possibly other
nonattainment areas as well'' is outside the scope of this action.
With respect to the commenter's statement that the section 301(a)
requirement for ``fairness and uniformity'' in the criteria,
procedures, and policies applied by the regional offices suggests that
``a uniform set of procedures for collections of emissions fees'' is
the best approach, this is also outside the scope of the current
rulemaking. As noted, the EPA does not have any duty to exercise its
section 185(d) authority in the FRAQMD at this time.
III. EPA Action
No comments were submitted that change our assessment of the rule
as described in our proposed action. Therefore, as authorized in
section 110(k)(3) of the Act, the EPA is approving FRAQMD Rule 7.15
into the California SIP. This final approval action also removes the
EPA's obligation to promulgate a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) for
the FRAQMD portion of the Sacramento Metro ozone nonattainment area by
permanently stopping the FIP clock associated with the January 5, 2010
(75 FR 232) finding of failure to submit.\5\
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\5\ Although the imposition of sanctions due to the January 5,
2010 finding was deferred on May 18, 2011 (76 FR 28661), and was
permanently stopped with our October 28, 2022 completeness letter,
there remained an obligation for the EPA to promulgate a FIP
associated with the January 5, 2010 action.
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IV. Incorporation by Reference
In this rule, the EPA is finalizing regulatory text that includes
incorporation by reference. In accordance with requirements of 1 CFR
51.5, the EPA is finalizing the incorporation by reference of FRAQMD
Rule 7.15, ``Clean Air Act Nonattainment Fees,'' amended on April 4,
2022, which addresses the CAA section 185 fee program requirements. The
EPA has made, and will continue to make, these documents available
through <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a> and at the EPA Region IX Office (please
contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section of this preamble for more information).
[[Page 107015]]
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a
SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and
applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a).
Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, the EPA's role is to approve State
choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly,
this action merely approves State law as meeting Federal requirements
and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by
State law. For that reason, this action:
<bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58
FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 14094 (88 FR 21879, April 11, 2023);
<bullet> Does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.S. 3501 et seq.);
<bullet> Is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
<bullet> Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
<bullet> Does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
<bullet> Is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997) because it approves a State program;
<bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
<bullet> Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the Clean Air Act.
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian
reservation land or in any other area where the EPA or an Indian Tribe
has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of
Indian country, the rule does not have Tribal implications and will not
impose substantial direct costs on Tribal governments or preempt Tribal
law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9,
2000).
Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 59 FR 7629,
February 16, 1994) directs Federal agencies to identify and address
``disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental
effects'' of their actions on minority populations and low-income
populations to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law.
Executive Order 14096 (Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to
Environmental Justice for All, 88 FR 25251, April 26, 2023) builds on
and supplements E.O. 12898 and defines environmental justice (EJ) as,
among other things, ``the just treatment and meaningful involvement of
all people, regardless of income, race, color, national origin, Tribal
affiliation, or disability, in agency decision-making and other Federal
activities that affect human health and the environment.''
The State did not evaluate EJ considerations as part of its SIP
submittal; the CAA and applicable implementing regulations neither
prohibit nor require such an evaluation. The EPA did not perform an EJ
analysis and did not consider EJ in this action. Consideration of EJ is
not required as part of this action, and there is no information in the
record inconsistent with the stated goal of Executive Orders 12898 and
14096 of achieving EJ for communities with EJ concerns.
This action is subject to the Congressional Review Act, and the EPA
will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the
Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a ``major
rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by March 3, 2025. Filing a
petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule
does not affect the finality of this action for the purposes of
judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for
judicial review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness
of such rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in
proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds.
Dated: December 23, 2024.
Martha Guzman Aceves,
Regional Administrator, Region IX.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental
Protection Agency amends part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code of
Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart F--California
0
2. Section 52.220 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(607)(i)(C) to read
as follows:
Sec. 52.220 Identification of plan--in part.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(607) * * *
(i) * * *
(C) Feather River Air Quality Management District.
(1) Rule 7.15, ``Clean Air Act Nonattainment Fees,'' amended on
April 4, 2022.
(2) [Reserved]
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2024-31396 Filed 12-30-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
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