Notice2024-30023
Established Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2025
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
December 17, 2024
Effective
December 17, 2024
Issuing agencies
Justice DepartmentDrug Enforcement Administration
Abstract
This final order establishes the initial 2025 aggregate production quotas for controlled substances in schedules I and II of the Controlled Substances Act and the assessment of annual needs for the list I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 89 Issue 242 (Tuesday, December 17, 2024)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 242 (Tuesday, December 17, 2024)]
[Notices]
[Pages 102649-102662]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2024-30023]
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Drug Enforcement Administration
[Docket No. DEA-1413E]
Established Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II
Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I
Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2025
AGENCY: Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice.
ACTION: Final order.
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SUMMARY: This final order establishes the initial 2025 aggregate
production quotas for controlled substances in schedules I and II of
the Controlled Substances Act and the assessment of annual needs for
the list I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and
phenylpropanolamine.
DATES: This order is effective December 17, 2024.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Heather E. Achbach, Regulatory
Drafting and Policy Support Section, Diversion Control Division, Drug
Enforcement Administration; Mailing Address: 8701 Morrissette Drive,
Springfield, VA 22152, Telephone: (571) 776-3882.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Legal Authority
Section 306 of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) (21 U.S.C. 826)
requires the Attorney General to establish production quotas for each
basic class of controlled substance listed in schedule I and II and
ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine. The Attorney
General has delegated this function to the Administrator of the Drug
Enforcement Administration (DEA) pursuant to 28 CFR 0.100.
II. Background
The 2025 aggregate production quotas (APQ) and assessment of annual
needs (AAN) represent those quantities of schedule I and II controlled
substances and the list I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and
phenylpropanolamine that may be manufactured in the United States in
2025, in order to provide for the estimated medical, scientific,
research, and industrial needs of the U.S., lawful export requirements,
and the establishment and maintenance of reserve stocks. These quotas
include imports of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine,
but do not include imports of controlled substances for use in
industrial processes.
On September 25, 2024, a notice titled ``Proposed Aggregate
Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and
Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine,
Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2025'' was published in
the Federal Register.\1\ This notice proposed the 2025 APQs for each
basic class of controlled substance listed in schedules I and II and
the 2025 AANs for the list I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and
phenylpropanolamine. All interested persons were invited to comment on
or object to the proposed APQs and the proposed AANs on or before
October 25, 2024.
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\1\ Proposed Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II
Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I
Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for
2025, 89 FR 78772 (September 25, 2024).
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III. Comments Received
Within the public comment period, DEA received 1,882 comments from
DEA registrants, chronic pain patients, patients with attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pain advocacy associations, U.S.
professional associations, U.S. doctors and nurses, and others. The
comments included concerns about potential domestic opioid drug
shortages due to further quota reductions; patient difficulty filling
authorized opioid prescriptions; increases in drug overdose deaths
despite a continued decrease in production quotas; requests for an
extension to the comment period; stimulant drug shortages in the United
States; concerns that medical professionals might be impeded from
exercising their medical expertise regarding opioid prescriptions;
requests for a public hearing; and comments not pertaining to DEA-
regulated activities. While all comments were posted to
<a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a>, DEA restricted the attachments to 10 comments from
public view due to confidential business information and/or
confidential personal identifying information.
Opioid Adequacy
Issue (National Production Levels of Proposed APQs for Opioids
Compared to 2024 levels): DEA received a significant number of comments
from pain advocacy groups, hospital associations, health professionals,
and others who raised concerns over the proposed APQs for certain
opioids in 2025, which were proposed at a level lower than the
established production levels for 2024. The commenters suggested that
the proposed APQ levels could exacerbate shortages experienced in 2024.
DEA Response: DEA considers numerous factors in determining an APQ,
including total net disposal of the class by all manufacturers during
the current and two preceding years, trends in the national rate of net
disposal of the class, total actual or estimated inventories of the
class and of all substances manufactured from the class, information
obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and changes in
the currently accepted medical use in treatment. 21 U.S.C. 826(a); 21
CFR 1303.11(b). Additional factors considered can be found in 21 CFR
1303.11(b). After considering all of the relevant factors, DEA has
determined that the proposed APQs for the five covered controlled
substances--fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and
oxymorphone--are sufficient to meet the forecasted legitimate domestic
and foreign needs and allow for maintenance of reserve stocks. These
considerations also lead DEA to conclude that U.S. manufacturers will
need to manufacture approximately the same amount of those opioids in
2025 as in 2024 in order to meet legitimate needs.
Accordingly, DEA proposed the 2025 APQs for those five substances
at the same level as in DEA's proposed revised APQs for 2024 published
on September
[[Page 102650]]
25, 2024.\2\ In that publication, DEA proposed minor reductions to the
2024 APQs for 4 of the 5 substances to reflect DEA's updated
calculations of diversion, as required by Congress. Specifically,
Congress requires DEA to make appropriate quota reductions ``from the
quota [DEA] would have otherwise established had such diversion not
been considered.'' \3\ DEA applied the same estimates of diversion in
proposing and finalizing the 2025 APQs and has reduced the 2025 APQs
accordingly. The APQs for those five controlled substances are lower
than the initial 2024 established APQs by approximately 0.1% combined.
These decreases in the APQs will not affect the ability of the APQs to
provide all material necessary for the estimated medical, scientific,
research, and industrial needs of the U.S., lawful export requirements,
and the establishment and maintenance of reserve stocks.
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\2\ See Proposed Adjustments to the Aggregate Production Quotas
for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual
Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and
Phenylpropanolamine for 2024, 89 FR 78764 (Sept. 25, 2024).
\3\ 21 U.S.C. 826(i)(1)(C).
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Issue (Medication Out of Stock at Pharmacy Level): DEA received
comments questioning whether the 2025 proposed APQs for Schedule II
opioids will be adequate to meet legitimate medical needs of patients.
Commenters said that because of decreases in APQs for specific opioids,
they have had difficulty filling legitimate prescriptions at
pharmacies. These issues have negatively impacted their quality of life
and caused mental health-related issues, including the possibility of
suicide.
DEA Response: DEA is committed to ensuring an adequate and
uninterrupted supply of controlled substances in order to meet
legitimate medical, scientific, and export needs of the United States.
DEA sets the APQs for controlled substances based on the available data
and information received at that specific point in time; however,
subsequent factors outside of DEA's control, including changes to
manufacturers' business practices may emerge afterwards and potentially
contribute to a temporary lack of inventory of controlled substances at
the point of dispensation. In recent years, these factors have included
labor shortages and a lack of production capacity. In such
circumstances, DEA, in coordination with FDA, can utilize tools under
the CSA to try to prevent or alleviate drug shortages so that patients
are able to fill legitimate prescriptions for controlled substances
without undue delay. Additionally, if patients are faced with a delay
in receiving their medications, the patients may request a one-time
transfer of initial dispensing of an electronic prescription for
Schedules II--V controlled substances from one retail pharmacy to
another retail pharmacy if authorized under state law.\4\ If the
medication is a controlled substance in Schedules III--V and includes
authorized refills, the refills can also be transferred with the
initial prescription to the receiving pharmacy.
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\4\ See Revised Regulation Allows DEA-Registered Pharmacies to
Transfer Electronic Prescriptions at a Patient's Request, <a href="http://DEA.gov">DEA.gov</a>
(Sept. 1, 2023), <a href="https://www.dea.gov/stories/2023/2023-09/2023-09-01/revised-regulation-allows-dea-registered-pharmacies-transfer">https://www.dea.gov/stories/2023/2023-09/2023-09-01/revised-regulation-allows-dea-registered-pharmacies-transfer</a>.
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Issue (Nationwide Opioid Shortages): DEA received many comments
stating there is a nationwide shortage of opioid medication because the
commenters' local pharmacies were often out of stock, forcing the
commenters to spend significant time contacting additional pharmacies,
and traveling further to get prescriptions filled. Commenters stated
that many times they were unsuccessful in their attempts to fill the
prescription.
DEA Response: Drug shortages may occur due to factors outside of
DEA's control such as manufacturing and quality problems, processing
delays, supply chain disruptions, or discontinuations. In such
circumstances, if the drug manufacturer notifies the FDA Drug Shortage
Staff, FDA will coordinate with DEA to address and minimize the impact
of drug shortages if both agencies believe action is warranted.
Currently, FDA has not issued notice of any nationwide shortages of the
types of opioid medications mentioned by these commenters.
Issue (Failure to Acknowledge Drug Shortages): One commenter
expressed that DEA is failing to acknowledge and address opioid drug
shortages that are complicating access to prescribed medications,
effectively creating conditions such as ``pharmacy deserts.''
DEA Response: DEA is aware of specific product shortages of pain
medicines and works with FDA and DEA-registered manufacturers to
alleviate them. Patients and medical professionals may notice specific
drug products are out of stock in particular areas; however, DEA cannot
dictate DEA registrants' distributions of drug products. If a drug
manufacturer notifies FDA of a manufacturing-related shortage, FDA and
DEA can take additional steps to help alleviate the shortage if action
is warranted.
Issue (Patients Switching to Illicit Fentanyl or Medications
Obtained from Illegal Sources): Several commenters expressed concerns
that because of DEA's reduction of quotas for pain relieving controlled
substances, chronic pain sufferers who were unable to fill their
legitimate prescriptions eventually turned to illegal fentanyl or
medications obtained from illegitimate sources as a substitute relief
that could increase the risk of overdose death. These commenters stated
that overdose deaths in the United States continue to rise because of
illegal fentanyl or illegitimate medications, not from pharmaceutical
medications prescribed to chronic pain patients.
DEA Response: While overdose deaths may occur because of use of
illicit substances, DEA's quota regulations have been implemented to
prevent misuse and diversion of pharmaceutical controlled substances.
In this way, these quotas can reduce the occurrence of overdose and
death from the use of legitimate controlled substances. Patients should
work closely with their providers to utilize other FDA-approved
medications for their conditions and fill their prescriptions only from
DEA-registered pharmacies. The only safe medications containing
controlled substances are ones prescribed by a trusted, DEA-registered
medical professional and dispensed by a licensed pharmacist at a DEA-
registered pharmacy. The medications received from unregistered
internet sources may, in fact, be manufactured or laced with illicit
substances including illicit fentanyl, which contributes to rates of
overdose deaths.
Issue (Opioid Prescribing Hesitancy): Many commenters, mostly self-
identified chronic pain patients, expressed that the goal of the 2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines was to decrease
opioid overdoses, but instead there has been an increase in overdoses
nationwide of over 400 percent due to illegal fentanyl or illegally
manufactured pain pills. Commenters stated that many chronic pain
patients have been harmed, and some have died by suicide, due to the
inability to get prescriptions because of the APQ reductions made by
DEA. Many commenters also stated that restrictions imposed by DEA have
caused opioid medications to be under-prescribed due to fear of
prosecution. Commenters said doctors should have latitude in making
treatment decisions to prescribe opioid pain medications based on
individual patient needs.
DEA Response: Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 826(i), DEA is mandated to
estimate diversion for 5 controlled substances--
[[Page 102651]]
fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and oxymorphone--and
this estimation includes the consideration of rates of overdose deaths.
While overdose deaths may occur as a result of the use of illegal
fentanyl or illegally manufactured pain medications, quotas are being
set by DEA to prevent misuse and diversion of pharmaceutical controlled
substances, and thus reduce the occurrence of overdose and death from
the use of legitimate controlled substances. Additionally, DEA's
regulations do not impose restrictions on the amount and the type of
medication that licensed practitioners can prescribe. DEA has
consistently emphasized and supported the authority of individual
practitioners under the CSA to administer, dispense, and prescribe
controlled substances for the legitimate treatment of pain within
acceptable medical standards, as outlined in DEA's policy statement
published in the Federal Register on September 6, 2006, titled
``Dispensing Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain.'' \5\
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\5\ Dispensing Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain,
71 FR 52716 (September 6, 2006).
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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Medication
Issue (Shortage): DEA received comments expressing general concerns
regarding the ongoing drug shortages for stimulant medications used in
the treatment of ADHD.
DEA Response: DEA is committed to ensuring an adequate and
uninterrupted supply of controlled substances in order to meet the
estimated legitimate medical, scientific, research, and industrial
needs of the United States, for lawful export requirements, and for the
establishment and maintenance of reserve stocks. DEA sets the APQs to
provide for all legitimate medical purposes and for anticipated foreign
demand. Additionally, DEA and FDA coordinate efforts to prevent or
alleviate drug shortages. Such efforts may include the adjustment of
the APQs and individual domestic manufacturers' quotas, FDA's approval
of additional market competitors, and coordination between the agencies
to allow importation of foreign-manufactured drug products that meet
FDA approval. If the actual prescribing rates of these substances are
significantly higher than the 2025 estimates of medical needs, the
Administrator has the authority to increase the aggregate production
quota at any time. 21 CFR 1303.13(a).
Insufficient Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB)
Issue (GHB APQ Insufficient to Support New FDA-Approved Generic
Medications Entering the Market as well as Existing Branded Drug
Products): DEA received one comment from a law firm that voiced concern
that the proposed 2025 GHB APQ will be insufficient to provide for
existing branded products on the market as well as emerging generic
products with anticipated FDA-approval dates near the end of calendar
year 2025. The commenter noted that FDA has expanded the conditions for
which the branded products can be prescribed as part of an effective
treatment.
DEA response: DEA is aware of the current FDA-approved GHB branded
drug products and their exclusivity timelines as well as the numerous
generic drug applications that are pending before FDA for approval. The
2025 APQ for GHB is being finalized at 49,675,266 grams, which is
20,258,266 grams higher than the 2024 APQ. This equates to an almost 70
percent increase in the amount of bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient
(API) that can be made available in 2025 to provide for legitimate
medical need, as compared to 2024. This additional API can be utilized
in the manufacture of existing drug products on the market, product
development activities leading to FDA-approved generic drugs, as well
as inventory necessary to begin calendar year 2026 without shortages.
The 2025 APQ is based on all available data including company-submitted
information, U.S. export data, U.S. import data, and FDA drug data
highlighting emerging and changing drug products containing GHB
prescribed to the relevant patient population.
Diversion Estimates
Issue (Impact of Diversion Estimate on Opioids): Commenters voiced
concern with the ``red flags'' associated with diversion data gathered
from state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) data, which DEA
uses to estimate diversion for the five covered controlled substances.
Commenters worried that repeated attempts to fill prescriptions would
be shown in the state PDMP data and result in concerns that they were
engaged in ``doctor shopping,'' and their conduct could be misperceived
as a ``red flag'' of actively seeking prescribed covered controlled
substances from three or more prescribers in a 90-day period.
Commenters were concerned that such misperceptions could render them
unable to fill validly issued prescriptions.
DEA Response: In the event that a patient's general pharmacy does
not have sufficient stock of a particular drug, a patient visiting
multiple pharmacies to fill a single prescription would not be included
in the ``red flag'' metric of patients actively seeking prescribed
covered controlled substances from three or more prescribers in a 90-
day period. The state PDMP data submitted was adequate to allow DEA to
draw reliable inferences regarding the state and U.S. populations. The
sample is large enough to allow DEA to accurately generalize the data
to the whole population of the United States for use in the calculation
of estimated national levels of diversion of the covered controlled
substances. DEA developed the metric of patients prescribed covered
controlled substances from three or more prescribers in a 90-day period
to identify potential doctor shopping, a common technique used to
obtain large amounts of controlled substances for the purpose of abuse
or diversion. Federal administrative and criminal case law demonstrates
that multiple prescriptions from multiple prescribers in a short
timeframe is a reliable indicator of diversion.\6\ In addition, DEA did
not consider prescriptions written for the five covered controlled
substances in quantities lower than 240 morphine milligram equivalents
(MME) daily because some patients, including oncology patients in
particular, have legitimate medical needs for covered controlled
substance prescriptions in excess of 90 MME daily. DEA did not wish to
inadvertently include legitimate prescriptions for these patients in
its calculation of diversion. Daily dosages higher than 240 MME place
individuals at a higher risk of overdose and death, and correlate with
a heightened risk of diversion. DEA received aggregated data from state
PDMPs that reflected only individual filled prescriptions.
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\6\ The Medicine Shoppe, 29 FR 59504, 59507, 59512-13 (2014);
Holiday CVS, LLC, d/b/a CVS Pharmacy Nos. 219 and 5195, 57 FR 62316
(2012).
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Data Collection and Analysis
Issue (Data Accuracy): Several commenters stated that FDA's
estimation of medical needs and DEA's data collection process are
flawed and inaccurate.
DEA Response: FDA utilizes a variety of data sources in developing
its estimates of domestic medical needs. When determining the 2025
APQs, DEA considered the estimation of domestic medical needs data
provided by FDA,
[[Page 102652]]
and also considered other data sources including prescriptions
dispensed in prior and current years reported in IQVIA, research and
clinical trial information from DEA-registered researchers and
manufacturers, information provided in quota applications from DEA-
registered manufacturers, as well as historic and current year export
data and future estimations of export requirements. DEA is actively
reevaluating and improving the data collection process to ensure that
the APQs are set at an adequate level to meet legitimate medical,
scientific, research, and export needs while establishing and
maintaining reserve stocks.
Issue (Lack of Data Transparency): Two commenters stated that there
is a lack of transparency in the quota setting process.
DEA Response: DEA is considering methods that might increase
transparency in its quota setting process. Future regulatory proposals
may include steps such as public notification and an opportunity for
public input when prescribing rates for controlled substances
substantially deviate from FDA's estimate of medical needs. DEA must
strike a balance between increasing transparency and complying with the
applicable laws and regulations aimed at protecting confidential
business and patient information.
Comments and Quota Applications From DEA-Registered Manufacturers
Issue: DEA received additional quota applications as well as
comments from DEA-registered manufacturers regarding a specific
schedule I controlled substance, requesting the APQs be established at
a sufficient level to allow for their manufacturing to meet medical and
scientific needs.
DEA Response: DEA considered the additional quota applications and
comments from DEA-registered manufacturers and determined that DEA's
APQ for dimethyltryptamine (DMT) should be increased to support
legitimate research and scientific efforts toward an FDA-approved drug
product. The increase is reflected below in the section titled,
``Determination of 2025 Aggregate Production Quotas and Assessment of
Annual Needs.''
Request for Hearing and Extension of Comment Period
Issue: Several individual commenters suggested that DEA consider
holding a public hearing regarding the APQs and AANs.
DEA Response: The decision whether to grant a hearing on the issues
raised by the commenters lies solely within the discretion of the
Administrator.\7\ While hearings are required when requested by states
in certain situations, these requests were not submitted by states.
These requests did not include any evidence that would lead to the
conclusion that a hearing is necessary or warranted. DEA has addressed
specific points raised by the commenters in the issues and responses
above.
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\7\ 21 CFR 1303.11(c).
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Issue: DEA received three comments requesting an extension of the
comment period so the commenters can better research the issues and
submit additional comments.
DEA Response: DEA declines to extend the comment period. The number
and scope of comments indicate that the provided 30 days was adequate.
Additionally, DEA may propose to adjust these established APQs and AANs
at any time after they have been established, at which time additional
comments will be accepted.\8\
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\8\ 21 CFR 1303.13.
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Out of Scope Comments
DEA received comments that are outside the scope of this order. The
comments were general in nature and raised issues with respect to
specific medical illnesses, medical treatments and medication costs.
These comments do not impact the analysis involved in establishing the
2025 APQs.
IV. Determination of 2025 Aggregate Production Quotas and Assessment of
Annual Needs
In determining the established 2025 APQs and AANs, DEA has
considered the above comments along with the factors set forth in 21
CFR 1303.11 and 21 CFR 1315.11, in accordance with 21 U.S.C. 826(a).
These factors include, but are not limited to, the 2024 manufacturing
quotas, current 2024 sales and inventories, anticipated 2025 export
requirements, industrial use, additional applications for 2025 quotas,
and information on research and product development requirements.
On October 25, 2024, DEA published a final rule placing
ethylphenidate in schedule I of the CSA,\9\ making all regulatory
controls pertaining to schedule I controlled substances applicable to
the manufacture of these substances, including the requirement to
establish an aggregate production quota pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 826 and
21 CFR part 1303. This final order establishes an aggregate production
quota for this substance.
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\9\ Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of
Ethylphenidate in Schedule I, 89 FR 84281 (October 22, 2024).
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Estimates of Diversion
As specified in the proposal, and as required by 21 U.S.C. 826(i),
DEA calculated a national diversion estimate for each of the five
covered controlled substances. This data, which remains unchanged, was
published in the Proposed Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I
and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the
List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine
for 2025.\10\
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\10\ 89 FR 78772 (Sept. 25, 2024).
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In accordance with 21 U.S.C. 826, 21 CFR 1303.11, and 21 CFR
1315.11, the Administrator hereby establishes the 2025 APQs for the
following schedule I and II controlled substances and the 2025 AANs for
the list I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and
phenylpropanolamine, expressed in grams of anhydrous acid or base, as
follows:
BILLING CODE P
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.095
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.096
[[Page 102655]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.097
[[Page 102656]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.098
[[Page 102657]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.099
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.100
[[Page 102659]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.101
[[Page 102660]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.102
[[Page 102661]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17DE24.103
BILLING CODE C
The Administrator also establishes APQs for all other schedule I
and II controlled substances included in 21 CFR 1308.11 and 1308.12 at
zero. In accordance with 21 CFR 1303.13 and 21 CFR 1315.13, upon
consideration of the relevant factors, the Administrator may adjust the
2025 APQ and AAN as needed.
[[Page 102662]]
Signing Authority
This document of the Drug Enforcement Administration was signed on
December 11, 2024, by Administrator Anne Milgram. That document with
the original signature and date is maintained by DEA. For
administrative purposes only, and in compliance with requirements of
the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DEA Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for publication, as an official document
of DEA. This administrative process in no way alters the legal effect
of this document upon publication in the Federal Register.
Heather Achbach,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, Drug Enforcement Administration.
[FR Doc. 2024-30023 Filed 12-16-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE P
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</html>Indexed from Federal Register on December 17, 2024.
This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.