Notice2023-16569
Notice of Adoption of Policy Statement on Climate Change and Historic Preservation
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Published
August 3, 2023
Issuing agencies
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Abstract
The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation has adopted its Policy Statement on Climate Change and Historic Preservation.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 148 (Thursday, August 3, 2023)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 148 (Thursday, August 3, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 51333-51338]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2023-16569]
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ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Notice of Adoption of Policy Statement on Climate Change and
Historic Preservation
AGENCY: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
ACTION: Notice of adoption of policy statement on climate change and
historic preservation.
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SUMMARY: The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation has adopted its
Policy Statement on Climate Change and Historic Preservation.
DATES: The policy statement was adopted on June 16, 2023.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Druscilla Null, (202) 517-1487,
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d1b5bfa4bdbd91b0b2b9a1ffb6bea7"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="dfbbb1aab3b39fbebcb7aff1b8b0a9">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation (ACHP), an independent federal agency created by the
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), works to promote the
preservation, enhancement, and sustainable use of our nation's diverse
historic resources, and advises the President and the Congress on
national historic preservation policy.
Under the NHPA, the ACHP's duties include advising the President
and Congress on matters relating to historic preservation; recommending
measures to coordinate activities of federal, state, and local agencies
and private institutions and individuals related to historic
preservation; and advising on the dissemination of information
pertaining to those activities. In keeping with these mandates, in July
2021 the ACHP initiated discussions regarding the impact of climate
change on historic places and how the ACHP might advise and assist
federal agencies and other stakeholders in addressing the issue.
To focus ACHP efforts, Vice Chairman Jordan Tannenbaum (then acting
ACHP Chair) convened the ACHP Climate Change and Historic Preservation
Task Force, which first met in November 2021. In addition to Vice
Chairman Tannenbaum and ACHP members Reno Franklin, Rick Gonzalez,
Kristopher King, and Jay Vogt, the following agencies and organizations
were represented on the Task Force: National Association of Tribal
Historic Preservation Officers; National Conference of State Historic
Preservation Officers; National Trust for Historic Preservation;
Department of Defense; Department of Homeland Security; Department of
Housing and Urban Development; Department of the Interior; Department
of Transportation; Department of Veterans Affairs; and General Services
Administration. Following her confirmation by the Senate in December
2022 and subsequent swearing in, current ACHP Chair Sara C. Bronin also
joined the task force.
Based on task force meeting discussions, ACHP staff developed a
draft policy statement that was reviewed by the task force. A revised
draft of the policy statement was then developed and provided to the
full ACHP membership for initial review. In March 2023, the members
approved providing the draft to stakeholders and the public for
comment. Two consultation events were held, one for Tribal and Native
Hawaiian organization leaders and the other for State Historic
Preservation Officers and their staffs. General public comments also
were solicited. Based on the feedback received, the draft was revised.
The final version of the policy statement was adopted by vote of the
ACHP members on June 16, 2023.
The ACHP issues the regulations (36 CFR part 800) that implement
section 106 of the NHPA, which requires federal agencies to take into
account the effects of projects they carry out, approve, or fund on
historic properties. The policy statement applies to the consideration
of climate change issues during section 106 reviews.
[[Page 51334]]
While the policy statement pertains to federal agency challenges
and opportunities, it also speaks broadly to nonfederal parties,
including but not limited to state, tribal, and local governments;
preservation planners; and the public. The document defines the scope
of the challenge, discussing the range of historic property types
affected and the variety of climate impacts. Effects to sacred sites
and other properties significant to Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian
organizations are highlighted, as are the disproportionate impacts of
climate change on historic places in underserved communities.
The bulk of the document consists of a series of policy principles
that are grouped under seven general topics: gathering information;
planning for climate change; climate change mitigation; equity;
flexibility; education; and collaboration.
Text of the Policy Statement on Climate Change and Historic
Preservation
The full text of the adopted policy statement is reproduced below:
ACHP Climate Change and Historic Preservation Policy Statement
America's historic properties--important places that help to define
and connect people to their communities--are experiencing escalating
climate impacts that are increasingly leading to their damage and
destruction. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) has
developed this policy statement to define more clearly connections
between climate change and historic properties, to articulate policy
principles the ACHP will integrate into the section 106 process, and to
guide public-serving institutions on how they may acknowledge, plan
for, mitigate, and adapt to climate change impacts on historic
properties.
Scope of the Issue
In 2014, the Union of Concerned Scientists released an important
report, National Landmarks at Risk: How Rising Seas, Floods, and
Wildfires Are Threatening the United States' Most Cherished Historic
Sites. Through a series of case studies illustrating climate change
impacts to well-known historic places (many of them federally owned and
managed), the report concluded that:
Many of the United States' iconic landmarks and heritage sites are
at risk as never before. Sea level rise, coastal erosion, increased
flooding, heavy rains, and more frequent large wildfires are damaging
archaeological resources, historic buildings, and cultural landscapes
across the nation. From sea to shining sea, a remarkable number of the
places where American history was made are already under threat. The
geographic and cultural quilt that tells the American story is fraying
at the edges--and even beginning to be pulled apart--by the impacts of
climate change.
While that report focused on ``iconic'' sites, all kinds of
historic buildings and neighborhoods, archaeological sites, Tribal
sites and resources, and culturally important landscapes (both designed
and natural) throughout the country (collectively, ``historic
properties''), as well as associated intangible cultural heritage, are
at risk from a broad range of potential climate impacts, including sea
level rise; extreme weather events; increased wildfires; drought;
melting permafrost and erosion; and temperature changes. These impacts
are both direct and cumulative, and threaten not only historic
properties but also the terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna
associated with historically and culturally important places. The loss
of or damage to historic properties from such climate impacts can
irrevocably change a community's sense of place and erode people's
sense of personal identity and cultural stability.
Among the historic properties affected by climate change are sacred
sites, landscapes, and other properties of religious and cultural
significance to Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations (NHOs).
These historic properties frequently are inseparable from the natural
landscape and reflect a symbiotic relationship between nature and
culture that is increasingly threatened by climate change. As described
in the 2021 Status of Tribes and Climate Change Report, authored by the
Status of Tribes and Climate Change Working Group convened by the
Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals:
Tribes have long faced many challenges in protecting and preserving
[Tribal cultural resources], including from the multiplying effects of
climate change. From the erosion of ancient burials out of coastal
bluffs on the Pacific coast to the disruption of habitats and life
cycles for traditional subsistence foods and medicines in the Great
Plains and the weathering and loss of ancient petroglyphs and
pictographs in the Southwest, climate change is threatening Tribal
cultural resources ranging from tangible archaeological sites to
intangible cultural beliefs and values.
Listening sessions and other outreach efforts with Indian Tribes
and NHOs regarding climate impacts have helped to shape this policy
statement and underscore the severity of these impacts.
It also is important to acknowledge the often-disproportionate
impact of climate change on disadvantaged and underserved communities.
These communities generally are limited in their ability to plan for
and adapt to climate change, often lacking management and decision-
making authority for key resources, and thus may be constrained in
addressing impacts on historic properties.
Role of the Federal Government
The ACHP, an independent federal agency created by the National
Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), works to promote the preservation,
enhancement, and sustainable use of our nation's diverse historic
resources. It is the ACHP's responsibility to ``advise the President
and Congress on matters relating to historic preservation, recommend
measures to coordinate activities of federal, state, and local agencies
and private institutions and individuals related to historic
preservation, and advise on the dissemination of information pertaining
to those activities'' (54 U.S.C. 304102). The ACHP has developed this
policy statement in keeping with this mandate.
In accordance with the NHPA, the federal government is to be a
national preservation leader, manage and care for historic properties
under its control, and foster both nonfederal, governmental, and
private preservation activities. Section 110 of the NHPA (54 U.S.C.
306101-306107; 306109-306114) sets out the broad historic preservation
responsibilities of federal agencies and is intended to ensure that
historic preservation is fully integrated into their ongoing programs.
Section 106 of the NHPA (54 U.S.C 306108) requires federal agencies to
consider the effects of projects they carry out, approve, or fund on
historic properties. As the ACHP issues the regulations (36 CFR part
800) that guide federal agencies in completing review of federal
projects under section 106, this policy statement applies to the
consideration of climate change issues during section 106 reviews.
Climate change adds new challenges to fulfilling federal
responsibilities under the NHPA and calls for creative approaches. All
federal agencies should be considering impacts to historic properties
as part of their climate change planning. Progress is being made in
this regard, but much more remains to be done. The National Park
Service has issued several studies and guidance documents to guide both
its own
[[Page 51335]]
response to climate change and to assist others. Building upon and
expanding such federal guidance will be vitally important.
Intended Audience
Given the leadership role of the federal government in addressing
both climate impacts and historic preservation, the following policy
principles seek to promote informed federal decision making and
responsible stewardship of historic properties. The ACHP also has
designed this policy statement to assist community groups, nonprofit
organizations, and Tribal, state, and local governments (collectively,
along with federal agencies, ``public-serving institutions'') as they
seek to address the impacts of climate change on historic properties
important to the people they represent.
Policy Principles
Gathering Information
1. Public-serving institutions should work collaboratively to
assemble information about previously designated or documented historic
properties and to identify previously undesignated or undocumented
historic properties, with priority on areas with the highest potential
for climate impacts. We cannot protect historic properties if we do not
know where and what they are. Climate change effects can be felt
anywhere, and thus public-serving institutions should establish the
long-term goal of assembling accurate, georeferenced information about
historic properties, known and unknown, wherever they are. In the near
term, public-serving institutions should prioritize surveying known and
unknown historic properties in areas where severe effects to historic
properties can be readily anticipated, whether from direct climate
threats or expected impacts from climate change adaptation and
mitigation solutions. Precedence should be given to areas where there
has been little previous survey for historic properties or where an
existing survey is outdated. Often, these priority areas include
disadvantaged and underserved communities that may previously have
received limited attention and that may lack resources to undertake
surveys of their own. Flexibility in the design and function of survey
projects can help to advance equity goals in identification of historic
properties.
Consistent with their missions and authorities, federal agencies
should both prioritize the survey and identification of federal
historic properties threatened by climate change and--through funding
and technical assistance--encourage Tribal, state, local, and
nongovernmental survey efforts. Federal agencies are required under
section 110 of the NHPA (54 U.S.C. 306102) to identify historic
properties under their jurisdiction or control; however, additional
resources are needed if agencies are to accelerate efforts to identify
historic properties as part of climate change planning. In the process
of conducting these surveys and documenting Tribal sites and resources,
federal agencies should act in accordance with the confidentiality
provisions of section 304 of the NHPA (54 U.S.C. 307103).
2. When planning to address climate impacts on historic properties,
public-serving institutions should seek out and incorporate adaptation
and mitigation strategies grounded in Indigenous Knowledge. Indian
Tribes and NHOs possess a body of observations, oral and written
knowledge, innovations, practices, and beliefs developed through
interaction and experience with the environment. The expertise embodied
by such Indigenous Knowledge and its contemporary use by Indian Tribes
and NHOs can be critically important to the development of climate
change adaptation and mitigation strategies. It is paramount that
Indigenous Knowledge is considered when addressing climate impacts on
historic properties of direct concern to Indian Tribes and NHOs.
Indigenous Knowledge also can contribute to developing climate-related
strategies for other historic properties, for example when Indigenous
Knowledge of wildfire management assists in making areas and
communities more resilient to wildfire threats.
Planning for Climate Change
3. Public-serving institutions should consider impacts to historic
properties as an integral part of climate-related planning and
implementation. Governments--federal, Tribal, state, and local--and
other public-serving institutions are working to prepare for and adjust
to both current and projected impacts of climate change. Efforts
include climate protective infrastructure projects, such as living
shorelines and seawalls; climate resilient infrastructure projects
where roads, sewers, waterlines, etc. are built or retrofitted to
better resist climate impacts; and efforts to relocate threatened
historic buildings out of climate risk-prone areas. To ensure effects
to historic properties are not overlooked, thus leading to their
destruction or making them more difficult to later address, public-
serving institutions must proactively account for historic properties
during climate change planning and implementation activities. Doing so
not only serves to help protect historic properties but also supports
other aspects of public agency missions and community priorities that
benefit from the continued stewardship of historic properties. At the
macro level of consideration, expanding and enhancing discussion of
historic properties in the periodic National Climate Assessment
developed by the U.S. Global Change Research Program would be
beneficial.
4. Public-serving institutions should consider impacts to historic
properties as an integral part of disaster preparedness and response.
While some climate change impacts, such as sea level rise, progress
gradually, others, such as wildfires and extreme weather events,
present immediate natural hazards. Plans for disaster preparedness and
disaster response should assess the vulnerability of historic
properties, delineate actions to help reduce or avoid disaster impacts
on historic properties, and explain how such properties will be treated
during post-disaster recovery efforts. Federal disaster assistance
programs should encourage and incentivize Tribal, state, and local
governments to incorporate such considerations into disaster
preparedness and response planning. Historic building relocation should
be prioritized in the context of federal or state government buyout
programs where at-risk properties are acquired to reduce future
disaster losses.
5. Public-serving institutions serving communities experiencing
climate change-related migration, including community-driven relocation
of entire communities, should address the impacts of such migration on
historic properties in their planning strategies. Adapting to the
changing climate will in some cases mean population shifts into, out
of, and within communities, resulting in a number of possible impacts
to historic properties. Historic properties in areas experiencing
population increases consequently may be threatened by development
pressures. Historic properties in risk-prone areas experiencing
population decreases may suffer from neglect and displacement of
residents with long-standing ties to the area. In extreme situations,
entire populations of communities may need to relocate to escape
climate-induced impacts, triggering difficult choices regarding the
abandonment or possible relocation of historic properties. Considering
such migration-based effects during climate adaptation planning is
critical to
[[Page 51336]]
reducing negative effects to historic properties, culture, and
community.
Climate Change Mitigation
6. Public-serving institutions should contribute to decarbonization
by promoting reuse of older and historic buildings and by encouraging
the thoughtful retrofit of such buildings to improve operational energy
efficiency. About 39 percent of global carbon emissions come from the
construction and operation of buildings. This impact can be reduced by
reusing existing buildings, thus avoiding the embodied carbon emissions
inherent in new construction, including the carbon associated with the
manufacturing and transportation of new materials and the removal and
disposal of building materials from demolished buildings. Reuse of
existing buildings in urban areas also contributes to climate change
mitigation by promoting density, helping to combat urban sprawl and its
attendant negative environmental impacts. In terms of operational
impacts, carbon emissions can be reduced by making existing buildings
more energy efficient.
Since approximately 40 percent of America's building stock is at
least 50 years old, it is critical that reuse and energy retrofit of
older and historic buildings (including enhanced electrification and
increased energy efficiency standards) be fundamental priorities. In
worst case scenarios, where a historic building will not be retrofitted
and demolition cannot be avoided, practices such as deconstruction and
reuse of salvageable materials should be employed to reduce the
demolition's carbon impact. Federal, Tribal, state, and local
governments should lead by example through the management of the older
and historic buildings in their real estate portfolios and encourage
private sector action through funding and other incentives. As part of
portfolio management decision making, consideration should be given to
using full life-cycle accounting to value the embodied carbon in
historic buildings versus new construction in order to facilitate fact-
based decision making. In addition, government standards and programs
that promote the rehabilitation of historic properties should be
assessed to ensure that they align with climate mitigation and
adaptation goals; that they facilitate a variety of modern uses; and
that they encourage implementation of energy efficiency measures as
integral to thoughtful preservation of historic buildings.
7. Development of clean energy projects and climate-friendly
transportation infrastructure projects should be expedited through
efficient and effective permitting processes and environmental reviews
(including section 106 reviews), while still ensuring full
consideration of potential impacts to historic properties. Reducing
climate change will require significant investment in large-scale clean
energy projects (such as solar farms, wind farms, hydropower plants,
geothermal plants, new and expanded transmission facilities, carbon
capture and sequestration projects, and mining of key minerals needed
for clean energy technologies) as well as smaller-scale distributed
generation projects, such as rooftop solar panels, that generate
electricity at or near where it will be used. Climate-friendly
transportation infrastructure projects--including rail, bus rapid
transit, bicycle infrastructure, and pedestrian infrastructure--also
are critical to climate change mitigation since the transportation
sector is responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions than any other
sector of the American economy.
Environmental reviews and permitting processes for these types of
important projects, especially those with minimal and small-scale
impacts, should be managed in such a way as to proceed expeditiously.
However, potential adverse effects to historic properties must be
carefully addressed. Of particular concern, such projects (particularly
those with landscape-scale impacts) can threaten sacred sites and other
properties of religious and cultural significance to Indian Tribes and
NHOs, sometimes striking at the very heart of their cultures. During
section 106 review of clean energy projects and climate-friendly
transportation infrastructure projects, federal agencies should explore
use of program alternatives to tailor and expedite the review process
while at the same time ensuring the consultation process is accessible,
meaningful, and transparent to the wide variety of consulting parties
and stakeholders, including Indian Tribes and NHOs.
Equity
8. Public-serving institutions should recognize that historic
properties important to disadvantaged and underserved communities may
be disproportionately affected by climate change and that such
communities often are ill-equipped to undertake needed interventions.
Disadvantaged and underserved communities tend to lack the economic and
political capital to plan for and adapt to climate change and may not
have direct control over decision-making for community resources. Many
such communities also are particularly susceptible to the physical
impacts of climate change. For example, low-income residents and people
of color disproportionally reside in flood-prone urban areas. Also,
disadvantaged groups are more likely to reside in older housing stock
that is in greater need of weatherization and energy retrofitting. Such
constraints may hinder disadvantaged and underserved communities in
trying to make the places they care about--including historic
properties--more resilient to climate impacts. Public-serving
institutions should recognize and seek to address this problem by
helping those affected identify their historic properties, assess their
community's vulnerability, and develop strategies to balance
appropriate adaptation and mitigation responses with the need to
preserve their community identity and sense of place.
9. Federal, state, and local government entities that oversee
planning, permitting processes, and environmental reviews (including
section 106 reviews) for climate adaptation and climate mitigation
projects should consult regarding historic properties with Indian
Tribes, NHOs, and disadvantaged and underserved communities, and
capacity building options should be explored for supporting their
participation in consultation. The section 106 process under the NHPA
already requires federal agency consultation with Indian Tribes, NHOs,
and other consulting parties. Here, the ACHP reiterates that
consultation is necessary and important to ensuring climate adaptation
and mitigation projects address impacts to historic properties of
importance to Indian Tribes, NHOs, and disadvantaged and underserved
communities. Soliciting and considering their views should be done
proactively, early in planning, and throughout environmental reviews
and permitting processes. During development of adaptation and
mitigation strategies, local knowledge (the information held by local
communities and individuals) and the Indigenous Knowledge of Indian
Tribes and NHOs can be valuable assets to planning.
In some cases, limited resources may constrain the active
participation of disadvantaged and underserved communities in
consultation. Federal, state, and local government entities should
consider options for strategic financial investments or other
assistance to help with needed capacity development. The ACHP
previously has recommended capacity-building support for consulting
parties pursuant
[[Page 51337]]
to the agency's ``Guidance on Assistance to Consulting Parties in the
section 106 Review Process.'' Since many Indian Tribes have been
incorporating consideration of climate change into their environmental
reviews and permitting processes for decades, climate-related project
planning should seek to adopt or align with existing practices and
standards, where feasible.
Flexibility
10. The federal government should expand and more flexibly apply
its guidance on the treatment of historic properties threatened by
climate change. Federal standards significantly influence the
rehabilitation of historic properties, public and private alike,
because they are often adopted or adapted by state and local
governments and referenced in private party actions (such as
preservation easements). The federal government should accelerate the
development of additional guidance for acceptable treatments of
historic buildings, sites, and landscapes facing climate risks. The
guidance should extend beyond flooding to the broad range of climate
impacts, should incorporate the latest technological innovations and
material treatments, and should increase flexibility in retrofitting
buildings to be more resilient while preserving their historic
character as much as possible. Likewise, the National Flood Insurance
Program should be reviewed to explore how the program might further
encourage the modification or relocation of historic buildings to
enhance their resiliency, and to evaluate the impacts of waivers issued
for historic properties upon community and building resiliency, public
cost, and economic growth.
11. Public-serving institutions should develop sensitive and
creative solutions to help communities accept and contend with the
reality that many historic properties will have to be altered if they
are to survive climate change, and many others inevitably will be lost
to climate impacts. Interventions to protect historic properties from
climate impacts or reduce such impacts may necessitate changes to the
properties or their surroundings that are less than ideal. Such
actions, while saving the properties from loss, may result in negative
effects. Public-serving institutions should start talking more openly
about these issues, should guide communities in how to triage
priorities regarding what properties to surrender to climate
destruction, and should develop sensitive and sensible strategies to
help residents deal with such losses.
12. Consideration of alternatives during environmental review of
climate-related projects, including during section 106 review, should
be approached flexibly to promote development of nimble, innovative,
and expeditious ways to protect historic properties. Section 106 review
and other environmental reviews provide structured processes for
exploring alternatives to avoid or minimize any adverse impacts of
climate adaptation and mitigation projects. Since the evolving climate
crisis poses new and complex challenges for the protection of historic
properties that need to be addressed on an increasingly accelerated
timeline, it is important that consideration of alternatives be rooted
in flexibility and creativity.
Education
13. Public-serving institutions, and especially governments, should
train employees regarding climate change impacts on historic
properties. Given the scope and magnitude of the climate change effects
that federal, Tribal, state, and local governments must address, it is
understandable that impacts to historic properties may not be
prioritized as highly as some other issues. However, it is critical
that there be awareness of such impacts and of the importance of
addressing them. Raising awareness through proactive training of
government staff is essential. Agencies at all levels of government
should have opportunities to learn from each other and to share
information, strategies, and examples. Notably, it also is important
for them to increase their understanding of relevant international
approaches to protecting historic properties from, and adapting them
to, climate change.
14. Public-serving institutions should educate the media and the
public about climate change impacts on historic properties and what can
be done to address them. The general public needs to be aware of the
worldwide climate-related threats to historic properties and the
adaptation and mitigation options that might help to address those
threats. Consciousness raising efforts are needed. Likewise, there
needs to be outreach to explain how environmental review processes,
including section 106 review, provide opportunities for the public to
comment on the climate dimensions of projects as they arise. Such
educational efforts are important to help ensure the public can
effectively advocate for protecting historic properties of importance
to them.
Collaboration
15. Cooperative efforts across agencies, between levels of
government, and within communities are critically important. The
impacts of climate change on historic properties are so wide-ranging
and potentially severe that collaboration among public-serving
institutions, including federal, Tribal, state, and local governments,
community groups, and nonprofit organizations, is essential. Likewise,
collaboration with those in the environmental, infrastructure,
transportation, energy, private, and philanthropic sectors will be
necessary for progress. Cooperation and forging of partnerships will
enhance implementation of each of the principles discussed above.
Federal agencies can take a leadership role in this regard through
their own collaborative work and by encouraging such work through
funding and technical assistance.
Glossary
<bullet> Adaptation: Adjustment in natural or human systems to a
new or changing environment that exploits beneficial opportunities or
moderates negative effects. (U.S. Global Change Research Program Web
Site Glossary)
<bullet> Climate change-related migration: Migration that can be
attributed largely to the slow-onset impacts of climate change on
livelihoods owing to shifts in water availability and crop
productivity, or to factors such as sea level rise or storm surge.
(White House Report on the Impact of Climate Change on Migration, 2021)
<bullet> Community-driven relocation: Moving a community or
portions of a community away from a hazard prone area to a new location
with lesser exposure to hazards or their impacts. (Department of
Housing and Urban Development's Climate Resilience Implementation
Guide: Community Driven Relocation, 2022)
<bullet> Historic property: Any prehistoric or historic district,
site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for
inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places maintained by
the Secretary of the Interior. This term includes artifacts, records,
and remains that are related to and located within such properties. The
term includes properties of traditional religious and cultural
importance to an Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and that
meet the National Register criteria. (Protection of Historic
Properties, 36 CFR part 800)
<bullet> Mitigation: Measures to reduce the amount and speed of
future climate change by reducing emissions of heat-trapping gases or
removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (U.S. Global Change
Research Program Web Site Glossary) [To avoid confusion, this policy
statement does not employ the
[[Page 51338]]
term ``mitigation'' as used in the context of section 106 review, where
it means reducing the severity of a project's adverse effects to
historic properties.]
<bullet> Resiliency/resilient: A capability to anticipate, prepare
for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with
minimum damage to social well-being, the economy, and the environment.
(U.S. Global Change Research Program Web Site Glossary)
Adopted June 16, 2023.
(End of Document)
Authority: 54 U.S.C. 304102(a).
Dated: July 31, 2023.
Javier Marques,
General Counsel.
[FR Doc. 2023-16569 Filed 8-2-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-K6-P
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