Rule2023-15596
Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
July 24, 2023
Effective
August 28, 2023
Issuing agencies
Transportation DepartmentFederal Aviation Administration
Abstract
The FAA is superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2021-05-03 for certain Airbus Helicopters Model EC225LP helicopters. AD 2021-05-03 required various inspections of a certain part-numbered left-hand (LH) engine fuel supply (fuel supply) hose and depending on the inspection results, reinstalling or removing the fuel supply hose from service. AD 2021-05-03 also required installing an improved part and prohibited installing an affected fuel supply hose on any helicopter unless it was installed by following certain procedures. Since the FAA issued AD 2021-05-03, there were reports of difficulties using an adjusting tool to install the improved fuel supply hose. This AD continues to require the actions of AD 2021-05-03, expands the applicability, expands the parts installation limitations, and requires using an improved adjusting tool and updated procedures. This AD also updates certain compliance times and clarifies certain requirements. The FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 140 (Monday, July 24, 2023)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 140 (Monday, July 24, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 47355-47358]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2023-15596]
[[Page 47355]]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2023-0931; Project Identifier MCAI-2022-00653-R;
Amendment 39-22493; AD 2023-13-08]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2021-05-03
for certain Airbus Helicopters Model EC225LP helicopters. AD 2021-05-03
required various inspections of a certain part-numbered left-hand (LH)
engine fuel supply (fuel supply) hose and depending on the inspection
results, reinstalling or removing the fuel supply hose from service. AD
2021-05-03 also required installing an improved part and prohibited
installing an affected fuel supply hose on any helicopter unless it was
installed by following certain procedures. Since the FAA issued AD
2021-05-03, there were reports of difficulties using an adjusting tool
to install the improved fuel supply hose. This AD continues to require
the actions of AD 2021-05-03, expands the applicability, expands the
parts installation limitations, and requires using an improved
adjusting tool and updated procedures. This AD also updates certain
compliance times and clarifies certain requirements. The FAA is issuing
this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products.
DATES: This AD is effective August 28, 2023.
The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of August 28,
2023.
The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain other publication listed in this AD as of
January 27, 2022 (86 FR 72824, December 23, 2021).
ADDRESSES:
AD Docket: You may examine the AD docket at <a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a> under
Docket No. FAA-2023-0931; or in person at Docket Operations between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD
docket contains this final rule, any comments received, and other
information. The address for Docket Operations is U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
Material Incorporated by Reference:
<bullet> For Airbus Helicopters service information identified in
this final rule, contact Airbus Helicopters, 2701 North Forum Drive,
Grand Prairie, TX 75052; phone (972) 641-0000 or (800) 232-0323; fax
(972) 641-3775; or at <a href="http://airbus.com/helicopters/services/technical-support.html">airbus.com/helicopters/services/technical-support.html</a>.
<bullet> You may view this service information at the FAA, Office
of the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room
6N-321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. For information on the availability of
this material at the FAA, call (817) 222-5110. It is also available at
<a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a> under Docket No. FAA-2023-0931.
Other Related Service Information: Other Airbus Helicopters service
information identified in this final rule is available at the Airbus
Helicopters contact information under Material Incorporated by
Reference above. You may also view this service information at the FAA
contact information under Material Incorporated by Reference above.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Hal Jensen, Aviation Safety Engineer,
FAA, 26805 E 68th Ave., Mail Stop: Room 214, Denver, CO 80249;
telephone (303) 342-1080; email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7a121b1654101f14091f143a1c1b1b541d150c"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0c646d60226669627f69624c6a6d6d226b637a">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The FAA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14
CFR part 39 to supersede AD 2021-05-03, Amendment 39-21864 (86 FR
72824, December 23, 2021) (AD 2021-05-03). AD 2021-05-03 applied to
Airbus Helicopters Model EC225LP helicopters with an LH fuel supply
hose part number (P/N) 704A34416087 installed. AD 2021-05-03 required
visually inspecting the LH fuel supply hose for twisting, and if
needed, borescope inspecting the entire length of the inside of the
fuel supply hose for twisting. Depending on the inspection results, AD
2021-05-03 required reinstalling or removing the fuel supply hose from
service. Additionally, AD 2021-05-03 prohibited installing that part-
numbered LH fuel supply hose on any helicopter unless that LH fuel
supply hose was installed by following certain procedures described in
the manufacturer's service bulletin. Finally, AD 2021-05-03 required
modifying your helicopter by removing LH fuel supply hose P/N
704A34416087 from service and installing the improved LH fuel supply
hose P/N 704A34416101. The FAA issued AD 2021-05-03 to prevent
restricted fuel flow to the LH engine, which if not addressed, could
result in a decrease of the LH engine power when accelerating to a
power setting corresponding to One Engine Inoperative power and
subsequent reduced control of the helicopter.
The NPRM published in the Federal Register on April 18, 2023 (88 FR
23586). The NPRM was prompted by European Union Aviation Safety Agency
(EASA) AD 2022-0087, dated May 16, 2022 (EASA AD 2022-0087) which
superseded EASA AD 2021-0156, dated July 2, 2021 (EASA AD 2021-0156),
issued by EASA, which is the Technical Agent for the Member States of
the European Union, to correct an unsafe condition for all Airbus
Helicopters Model EC 225 LP helicopters. EASA advises of difficulties
that were reported during installation of the improved LH fuel supply
hose due to using an inappropriately shaped adjusting tool.
Accordingly, EASA AD 2022-0087 retains the requirements of EASA AD
2021-0156 and requires replacing the affected part with the improved
part by following updated modification instructions and using an
improved adjusting tool. The updated modification instructions also
specify updated torque values for the junction nuts and re-tightening
instructions for helicopters modified with previous instructions. EASA
AD 2022-0087 requires a repetitive inspection for fuel leakage for
those helicopters modified with previous instructions and considers the
re-tightening of the junction nuts of the improved part as terminating
action for the repetitive inspection requirements. You may examine EASA
AD 2022-0087 in the AD docket at <a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a> under Docket No. FAA-
2023-0931.
In the NPRM, for helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N
704A34416087 installed, the FAA proposed to require visually inspecting
the LH fuel supply hose for twisting, and if needed, borescope
inspecting the entire length of the inside of the fuel supply hose for
twisting. Depending on the inspection results, the NPRM proposed to
require reinstalling or removing the fuel supply hose from service. The
NPRM also proposed to require modifying the helicopter by removing LH
fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 from service and installing improved
LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101 using updated procedures.
Additionally, for helicopters modified with the improved LH fuel supply
hose P/N 704A34416101 using previous procedures or if the installation
procedures cannot be determined, the NPRM proposed to
[[Page 47356]]
require repetitive inspections for fuel leakage and, depending on the
results, tightening the junction nuts of this improved fuel supply hose
with the LH side engine removed. Tightening the junction nuts would
provide terminating action for the repetitive fuel leakage inspections.
Lastly, the NPRM proposed to require installation limitations for LH
fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 and LH fuel supply hose P/N
704A34416101.
Discussion of Final Airworthiness Directive
Comments
The FAA received no comments on the NPRM or on the determination of
the costs.
Conclusion
These products have been approved by the aviation authority of
another country and are approved for operation in the United States.
Pursuant to the FAA's bilateral agreement with this State of Design
Authority, it has notified the FAA of the unsafe condition described in
the MCAI referenced above. The FAA reviewed the relevant data and
determined that air safety requires adopting this AD as proposed.
Accordingly, the FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition
on these products.
Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51
The FAA reviewed Airbus Helicopters Alert Service Bulletin (ASB)
No. EC225-28A026, Revision 1, dated May 6, 2022 (ASB EC225-28A026 Rev
1), which specifies procedures for modifying the adjusting tool and
replacing the LH fuel supply hose by using the modified adjusting tool.
ASB EC225-28A026 Rev 1 also specifies updated allowable torque limits
for the junction nuts and, for helicopters that have previously
accomplished Airbus Helicopters ASB No. EC225-28A026, Revision 0, dated
May 21, 2021, ASB EC225-28A026 Rev 1 specifies procedures to
repetitively inspect the junction nuts for fuel leakage until the LH
engine is removed and the updated allowable torque limit is applied to
the junction nuts.
This AD also requires Airbus Helicopters ASB No. EC225-71A019,
Revision 2, dated May 21, 2021, which the Director of the Federal
Register approved for incorporation by reference as of January 27, 2022
(86 FR 72824, December 23, 2021).
This service information is reasonably available because the
interested parties have access to it through their normal course of
business or by the means identified in ADDRESSES.
Other Related Service Information
The FAA also reviewed Airbus Helicopters ASB No. EC225-71A019,
Revision 1, dated February 28, 2019. This service information specifies
procedures for removing the fuel supply hose from the LH power plant,
visually inspecting the fuel supply hose for twisting, and depending on
inspection results, performing an endoscope inspection on the inside of
the hose.
Differences Between This AD and EASA AD 2022-0087
EASA AD 2022-0087 is applicable to all serial-numbered Model
EC225LP helicopters, whereas this AD applies to Model EC225LP
helicopters with certain part-numbered LH fuel supply hoses installed.
For helicopters modified with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101
in accordance with previous instructions or by installation of AH
modification 0728745 prior to initial delivery of the helicopter from
the manufacturer, EASA AD 2022-0087 requires re-tightening the junction
nuts to the new torque values during the next (re)installation of the
LH engine or of the improved fuel supply hose, whereas this AD requires
that action within 110 hours time-in-service with the LH side engine
removed for helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101
installed with previous instructions, by installation of AH
modification 0728745 prior to initial delivery of the helicopter from
the manufacturer, or if the previously accomplished installation
procedures cannot be determined. Also, for those helicopters, depending
on the interim fuel leakage inspection results, EASA AD 2022-0087
requires corrective action in accordance with approved maintenance
instructions, whereas this AD requires tightening the junction nuts to
the new torque values with the LH engine removed.
Costs of Compliance
The FAA estimates that this AD affects up to 28 helicopters of U.S.
Registry. Labor rates are estimated at $85 per work-hour. Based on
these numbers, the FAA estimates the following costs to comply with
this AD.
Visually inspecting the LH fuel supply hose for twisting takes
about 1 work-hour for an estimated cost of $85 per helicopter and
$2,380 for the U.S. fleet. Borescope inspecting the LH fuel supply hose
takes about 8 work-hours for an estimated cost of $680 per helicopter.
Replacing an LH fuel supply hose takes up to 11 work-hours and
parts cost about $2,363 for an estimated replacement cost of up to
$3,298 per replacement.
Inspecting for fuel leakage takes about 1 work-hour for an
estimated cost of $85 per helicopter, per inspection cycle. Removing
the LH engine and tightening the LH fuel supply hose fittings takes 8
work-hours for an estimated cost of $680 per helicopter.
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General requirements.
Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight
of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for
practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary
for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that
authority because it addresses an unsafe condition that is likely to
exist or develop on products identified in this rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
The FAA has determined that this AD will not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
(2) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
(3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
The Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
[[Page 47357]]
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The FAA amends Sec. 39.13 by:
0
a. Removing Airworthiness Directive 2021-05-03, Amendment 39-21864 (86
FR 72824, December 23, 2021); and
0
b. Adding the following new airworthiness directive:
2023-13-08 Airbus Helicopters: Amendment 39-22493; Docket No. FAA-
2023-0931; Project Identifier MCAI-2022-00653-R.
(a) Effective Date
This airworthiness directive (AD) is effective August 28, 2023.
(b) Affected ADs
This AD replaces AD 2021-05-03, Amendment 39-21864 (86 FR 72824,
December 23, 2021).
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to Airbus Helicopters Model EC225LP helicopters,
certificated in any category, with a left-hand side (LH) engine fuel
supply (fuel supply) hose part number (P/N) 704A34416087 or P/N
704A34416101 installed.
(d) Subject
Joint Aircraft Service Component (JASC) Code: 2820, Aircraft
Fuel Distribution System.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by a report of an incorrect installation of
the LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087. The FAA is issuing this AD
to prevent restricted fuel flow to the LH engine. The unsafe
condition, if not addressed, could result in a decrease of the LH
engine power when accelerating to a power setting corresponding to
One Engine Inoperative power and subsequent reduced control of the
helicopter.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.
(g) Required Actions
(1) For helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087
installed, within 110 hours time-in-service (TIS) or 6 months after
the effective date of this AD, whichever occurs first, visually
inspect the LH fuel supply hose for twisting as shown in Figures 1
and 2 of Airbus Helicopters Alert Service Bulletin (ASB) No. EC225-
71A019, Revision 2, dated May 21, 2021 (ASB EC225-71A019 Rev 2). If
the LH fuel supply hose has any twisting or if it cannot be
determined if the LH fuel supply hose has any twisting, before
further flight, borescope inspect the entire length of the inside of
the fuel supply hose for twisting as shown in Figures 3 through 5 of
ASB EC225-71A019 Rev 2.
(i) If the inside of the LH fuel supply hose has any twisting,
before further flight, remove the LH fuel supply hose from service
and install an airworthy LH fuel supply hose in accordance with the
actions required by paragraphs (g)(2) or (4) of this AD.
(ii) If the inside of the LH fuel supply hose does not have any
twisting, reinstall the LH fuel supply hose by following the
Accomplishment Instructions, paragraph 3.B.3.b., of ASB EC225-71A019
Rev 2.
(2) For helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087
installed, within 1,200 hours TIS or 36 months after the effective
date of this AD, whichever occurs first, modify your helicopter by
removing from service LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 and
installing LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101 in accordance with
the Accomplishment Instructions, paragraph 3.B.2.b., of Airbus
Helicopters ASB No. EC225-28A026, Revision 1, dated May 6, 2022 (ASB
EC225-28A026 Rev 1).
(3) For helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101
previously installed by accomplishing Airbus Helicopters ASB No.
EC225-28A026, Revision 0, dated May 21, 2021, by installation of AH
modification 0728745 prior to initial delivery of the helicopter
from the manufacturer, or if the previously accomplished
installation procedures cannot be determined, accomplish the actions
required by paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this AD.
(i) Within 15 hours TIS or 7 days after the effective date of
this AD, whichever occurs first, and thereafter at intervals not to
exceed 15 hours TIS or 7 days, whichever occurs first, inspect the
LH fuel supply hose for fuel leakage in the area of each junction
nut (items 1a and 1b) as depicted in Figure 1 of ASB EC225-28A026
Rev 1.
(A) If there is any fuel leakage, before further flight, remove
the LH side engine and tighten each junction nut (items 1a and 1b)
of the LH fuel supply hose by applying the torque depicted in Figure
1 of ASB EC225-28A026 Rev 1.
(B) If there is no fuel leakage, within 110 hours TIS after the
effective date of this AD, remove the LH side engine and tighten
each junction nut (items 1a and 1b) of the LH fuel supply hose by
applying the torque depicted in Figure 1 of ASB EC225-28A026 Rev 1.
(ii) Tightening the junction nuts as required by paragraphs
(g)(3)(i)(A) and (B) of this AD constitutes terminating action for
the repetitive inspection required by paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this
AD.
(4) For helicopters with LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087
installed, as of the effective date of this AD, you may replace an
LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 with an LH fuel supply hose P/N
704A34416087 or reinstall an LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 on
any helicopter by following the Accomplishment Instructions,
paragraph 3.B.3.b., of ASB EC225-71A019 Rev 2, until required to
install LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101 by paragraph (g)(2) of
this AD, provided one of the conditions in paragraphs (g)(4)(i)
through (iii) of this AD is met.
(i) If installing, the LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 is
new (zero total hours TIS).
(ii) If reinstalling, before reinstallation, the LH fuel supply
hose P/N 704A34416087 is inspected by accomplishing the actions
required by the introductory text of paragraph (g)(1) of this AD and
the inside of the LH fuel supply hose does not have any twisting.
(iii) If reinstalling, the initial delivery of the helicopter
from the manufacturer was on or after November 30, 2018, and the LH
fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 has never been previously
reinstalled.
(5) For helicopters with an LH fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101
installed, as of the effective date of this AD, do not remove LH
fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416101 and replace it with LH fuel supply
hose P/N 704A34416087 and do not install an LH engine with an LH
fuel supply hose P/N 704A34416087 installed.
(h) Credit for Previous Actions
This paragraph provides credit for the actions specified in
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD, if those actions were performed before
the effective date of this AD using Airbus Helicopters ASB No.
EC225-71A019, Revision 1, dated February 28, 2019.
(i) Special Flight Permits
Special flight permits may be permitted provided that there are
no passengers on board and that helicopters identified in paragraph
(g)(3) of this AD have no fuel leakage.
(j) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, International Validation Branch, FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight
Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information
directly to the manager of the International Validation Branch, send
it to the attention of the person identified in paragraph (k)(2) of
this AD. Information may be emailed to: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#71485c3027225c3038235c4642415c303c3e32311710105f161e07"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="734a5e3225205e323a215e4440435e323e3c30331512125d141c05">[email protected]</span></a>.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.
(k) Additional Information
(1) Refer to European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD
2022-0087, dated May 16, 2022, for related information. This EASA AD
may be found in the AD docket at <a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a> under Docket No.
FAA-2023-0931.
(2) For more information about this AD, contact Hal Jensen,
Aerospace Engineer, FAA, 26805 E 68th Ave., Mail Stop: Room 214,
Denver, CO 80249; telephone (303) 342-1080; email
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#8fe7eee3a1e5eae1fceae1cfe9eeeea1e8e0f9"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="cfa7aea3e1a5aaa1bcaaa18fa9aeaee1a8a0b9">[email protected]</span></a>.
(3) Service information identified in this AD that is not
incorporated by reference is available at the contact information
specified in paragraphs (l)(5) and (6) of this AD.
(l) Material Incorporated by Reference
(1) The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference
[[Page 47358]]
(IBR) of the service information listed in this paragraph under 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
(2) You must use this service information as applicable to do
the actions required by this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise.
(3) The following service information was approved for IBR on
August 28, 2023
(i) Airbus Helicopters Alert Service Bulletin No. EC225-28A026,
Revision 1, dated May 6, 2022.
(ii) [Reserved]
(4) The following service information was approved for IBR on
January 27, 2022 (86 FR 72824, December 23, 2021).
(i) Airbus Helicopters Alert Service Bulletin No. EC225-71A019,
Revision 2, dated May 21, 2021.
(ii) [Reserved]
(5) For Airbus Helicopters service information identified in
this AD, contact Airbus Helicopters, 2701 North Forum Drive, Grand
Prairie, TX 75052; phone (972) 641-0000 or (800) 232-0323; fax (972)
641-3775; or at <a href="http://airbus.com/helicopters/services/technical-support.html">airbus.com/helicopters/services/technical-support.html</a>.
(6) You may view this service information at the FAA, Office of
the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room
6N-321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. For information on the availability of
this material at the FAA, call (817) 222-5110.
(7) You may view this service information that is incorporated
by reference at the National Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability of this material at
NARA, email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#caacb8e4a3a4b9baafa9bea3a5a48aa4abb8abe4ada5bc"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0d6b7f2364637e7d686e796462634d636c7f6c236a627b">[email protected]</span></a>, or go to: <a href="http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html">www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html</a>.
Issued on July 3, 2023.
Michael Linegang,
Acting Director, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, Aircraft
Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2023-15596 Filed 7-21-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
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This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.