Rule2023-13153
Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
June 21, 2023
Effective
June 21, 2023
Issuing agencies
Transportation DepartmentFederal Aviation Administration
Abstract
The FAA is superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2022-04- 05, which applied to all The Boeing Company Model 757 and 767 airplanes. AD 2022-04-05 required revising the limitations and operating procedures sections of the existing airplane flight manual (AFM) to incorporate specific operating procedures for landing distance calculations, instrument landing system (ILS) approaches, non-precision approaches, speedbrake deployment, and go-around and missed approaches, when in the presence of interference from wireless broadband operations in the 3.7-3.98 GHz frequency band (5G C-Band) as identified by Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs). Since the FAA issued AD 2022-04-05, the FAA determined that additional limitations are needed due to the continued deployment of new 5G C-Band base stations whose signals are expected to cover most of the contiguous United States at transmission frequencies between 3.7-3.98 GHz. This AD requires revising the limitations and operating procedures sections of the existing AFM to incorporate specific operating procedures for landing distance calculations, ILS approaches, non-precision approaches, speedbrake deployment, and go- around and missed approaches, due to the presence of 5G C-Band interference. The FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 118 (Wednesday, June 21, 2023)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 118 (Wednesday, June 21, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 40058-40065]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2023-13153]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2023-0672; Project Identifier AD-2022-01429-T;
Amendment 39-22470; AD 2023-12-12]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2022-04-
05, which applied to all The Boeing Company Model 757 and 767
airplanes. AD 2022-04-05 required revising the limitations and
operating procedures sections of the existing airplane flight manual
(AFM) to incorporate specific operating procedures for landing distance
calculations, instrument landing system (ILS) approaches, non-precision
approaches, speedbrake deployment, and go-around and missed approaches,
when in the presence of interference from wireless broadband operations
in the 3.7-3.98 GHz frequency band (5G C-Band) as identified by Notices
to Air Missions (NOTAMs). Since the FAA issued AD 2022-04-05, the FAA
determined that additional limitations are needed due to the continued
deployment of new 5G C-Band base stations whose signals are expected to
cover most of the contiguous United States at transmission frequencies
between 3.7-3.98 GHz. This AD requires revising the limitations and
operating procedures sections of the existing AFM to incorporate
specific operating procedures for landing distance calculations, ILS
approaches, non-precision approaches, speedbrake deployment, and go-
around and missed approaches, due to the presence of 5G C-Band
interference. The FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe
condition on these products.
DATES: This AD is effective June 21, 2023.
ADDRESSES: AD Docket: You may examine the AD docket at <a href="http://regulations.gov">regulations.gov</a>
under Docket No. FAA-2023-0672; or in person at Docket Operations
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays. The AD docket contains this final rule, any comments
received, and other information. The address for Docket Operations is
U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West
Building Ground Floor, Room
[[Page 40059]]
W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brett Portwood, Continued Operational
Safety Technical Advisor, COS Program Management Section, Operational
Safety Branch, FAA, 3960 Paramount Boulevard, Lakewood, CA 90712-4137;
phone: 817-222-5390; email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d4bba4b1a6b5a0bdbbbab5b8a7b5b2b1a0ad94b2b5b5fab3bba2"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="375847524556435e5859565b44565152434e7751565619505841">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The FAA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14
CFR part 39 to supersede AD 2022-04-05, Amendment 39-21947 (87 FR 8152,
February 14, 2022) (AD 2022-04-05). AD 2022-04-05 applied to all The
Boeing Company (Boeing) Model 757 and 767 airplanes. The NPRM published
in the Federal Register on May 3, 2023 (88 FR 27742). The NPRM was
prompted by a determination that radio altimeters cannot be relied upon
to perform their intended function if they experience 5G C-Band
interference, and a determination that, during approach, landings, and
go-arounds, as a result of this interference, certain airplane systems
may not properly function, resulting in increased flightcrew workload
while on approach with the flight director, autothrottle, or autopilot
engaged.
In the NPRM, the FAA proposed to retain the AFM revisions required
by AD 2022-04-05 until June 30, 2023. On or before June 30, 2023, the
FAA proposed to require replacing those AFM revisions with limitations
requiring the same procedures for dispatch or release to airports, and
approach, landing, and go-around on runways, at all airports for non-
radio altimeter tolerant airplanes. For radio altimeter tolerant
airplanes, the FAA proposed that the procedures would not be required
at 5G C-Band mitigated airports (5G CMAs) as identified in an FAA
Domestic Notice. The FAA proposed this AD to address 5G C-Band
interference that could result in increased flightcrew workload and
could lead to reduced ability of the flightcrew to maintain safe flight
and landing of the airplane.
Discussion of Final Airworthiness Directive
Comments
The FAA provided the public with an opportunity to comment on the
proposed AD and received comments from five commenters. The following
presents the comments received on the NPRM and the FAA's response to
each comment.
Support for NPRM
Boeing and the Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA),
supported the NPRM without change.
The supportive comments from ALPA included additional viewpoints
without a suggestion specific to the AD or a request the FAA can act
on. These comments are outside the scope of this final rule.
Request To Revise AFM Limitations
Comment summary: Northern Air Cargo, LLC, requested the FAA revise
the proposed AD to allow the flight directors, autothrottle, and
autopilot to remain engaged during a CAT I ILS approach until an
anomaly is detected, at which time the pilot would immediately
disconnect the flight directors, autothrottle, and autopilot and
execute a go-around. The commenter stated this would reduce flightcrew
workload during normal operations and not handicap every ILS approach
based on a very remote possibility of 5G interference.
FAA response: The FAA disagrees. Boeing has not submitted any
substantiating safety risk assessment data to show that the flight
directors, autothrottle, and autopilot can remain safely engaged during
a CAT I ILS approach.
Request To Extend Compliance Time
Comment summary: American Airlines expressed concern regarding the
compliance time for the proposed actions and requested the FAA revise
the AD to provide a minimum of 30 days from the effective date of the
AD.
FAA response: The FAA understands the commenter's concern and made
every effort to publish this AD as soon as possible. After refraining
from operating at their FCC-authorized levels for a year and a half,
wireless companies are now able to operate at higher levels, yet still
not at the levels authorized. Specifically, wireless companies expect
to operate their networks in urban areas with minimal restrictions due
to the completion of retrofits. Additionally, the FAA anticipates 19
additional telecommunication companies will begin transmitting in the
C-Band after June 30, 2023. Although the FAA continues to work with the
companies that intend to transmit in the 3.7-3.98-GHz band near 5G
CMAs, the FAA has no agreement with those companies to provide the FAA
with tower locations and other information necessary to support the
current NOTAM/AMOC process. Therefore, the FAA will not be able to
extend the June 30, 2023, date.
Effect of Winglets on Accomplishment of the Proposed Actions
Comment summary: Aviation Partners Boeing stated that installing
winglets under supplemental type certificate (STC) ST01518SE and STC
ST01920SE on applicable Boeing models does not affect accomplishment of
the actions specified in the proposed AD.
FAA response: The FAA agrees. The FAA has not changed this AD in
this regard.
Conclusion
The FAA reviewed the relevant data, considered any comments
received, and determined that air safety requires adopting this AD as
proposed Accordingly, the FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe
condition on these products. This AD is adopted as proposed in the
NPRM.
Interim Action
The FAA considers this AD to be an interim action. Once the
Technical Standard Order (TSO) standard for radio altimeters is
established, which will follow the existing international technical
consensus on the establishment of the minimum operational performance
standards (MOPS), the FAA anticipates that the MOPS will be
incorporated into the TSO. Once a new radio altimeter TSO is developed,
approved, and available, the FAA might consider additional rulemaking.
Effective Date
Section 553(d) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C.
551 et seq.) requires publication of a rule not less than 30 days
before its effective date. However, section 553(d) authorizes agencies
to make rules effective in less than 30 days when the agency finds
``good cause.'' Radio altimeters cannot be relied upon to perform their
intended function if they experience interference from wireless
broadband operations in the 5G C-Band. This interference can cause
other airplane systems to not properly function, resulting in increased
flightcrew workload while on approach with the flight director,
autothrottle, or autopilot engaged. To address this unsafe condition,
the actions required by this AD must be accomplished before the
compliance date of June 30, 2023. The FAA based this date on the
changes to the 5G C-Band environment beginning on July 1, 2023. These
changes include increased wireless broadband deployment and
transmissions closer to the parameters authorized by the FCC. The
earlier operators learn of the requirements in
[[Page 40060]]
this AD, the earlier they can take action to ensure compliance. An
effective date less than 30 days would ensure the AD is codified
earlier, thereby increasing awareness of its requirements. Therefore,
the FAA finds that good cause exists pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(d) for
making this amendment immediately effective.
Costs of Compliance
The cost information below describes the costs to change the AFM.
Although this AD largely maintains the AFM limitations currently
required by AD 2022-04-05, the FAA acknowledges that this AD may also
impose costs on some aircraft operators from having to change their
conduct to comply with the amended AFM. However, the FAA lacks the data
necessary to quantify the costs associated with aircraft operators
changing their conduct.
The FAA estimates that this AD affects 1,108 airplanes of U.S.
registry. The FAA estimates the following costs to comply with this AD:
Estimated Costs
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Cost per Cost on U.S.
Action Labor cost Parts cost product operators
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AFM revision (retained actions from AD 1 work-hour x $85 per $0 $85 $94,180
2022-04-05). hour \1\ = $85.
New AFM revisions (new action)........ 1 work-hour x $85 per 0 85 \2\ 94,180
hour = $85.
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\1\ The labor rate of $85 per hour is the average wage rate for an aviation mechanic.
\2\ The estimated cost for this revision would not constitute a significant economic impact (even for small
entities) because $85 is a minimal cost compared to the regular costs of maintaining and operating a Model 757
or 767 transport category airplane.
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General requirements.
Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight
of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for
practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary
for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that
authority because it addresses an unsafe condition that is likely to
exist or develop on products identified in this rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
This AD will not have federalism implications under Executive Order
13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct effect on the States,
on the relationship between the national government and the States, or
on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
(2) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
(3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
The Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The FAA amends Sec. 39.13 by:
0
a. Removing Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2022-04-05, Amendment 39-21947
(87 FR 8152, February 14, 2022), and
0
b. Adding the following new AD:
2023-12-12 The Boeing Company: Amendment 39-22470; Docket No. FAA-
2023-0672; Project Identifier AD-2022-01429-T.
(a) Effective Date
This airworthiness directive (AD) is effective June 21, 2023.
(b) Affected ADs
This AD replaces AD 2022-04-05, Amendment 39-21947 (87 FR 8152,
February 14, 2022) (AD 2022-04-05).
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to all The Boeing Company airplanes identified
in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this AD, certificated in any
category.
(1) Model 757-200, -200PF, -200CB, and -300 series airplanes.
(2) Model 767-200, -300, -300F, -400ER, and -2C series
airplanes.
(d) Subject
Air Transport Association (ATA) of America Code 34, Navigation.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by a determination that radio altimeters
cannot be relied upon to perform their intended function if they
experience interference from wireless broadband operations in the
3.7-3.98 GHz frequency band (5G C-Band), and a determination that,
during approach, landings, and go-arounds, as a result of this
interference, certain airplane systems may not properly function,
resulting in increased flightcrew workload while on approach with
the flight director, autothrottle, or autopilot engaged. The FAA is
issuing this AD to address 5G C-Band interference that could result
in increased flightcrew workload and could lead to reduced ability
of the flightcrew to maintain safe flight and landing of the
airplane.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.
(g) Definitions
(1) For purposes of this AD, a ``5G C-Band mitigated airport''
(5G CMA) is an airport at which the telecommunications companies
have agreed to voluntarily limit their 5G deployment at the request
of the FAA, as identified by an FAA Domestic Notice.
(2) For purposes of this AD, a ``radio altimeter tolerant
airplane'' is one for which the radio altimeter, as installed,
demonstrates the tolerances specified in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and
(ii) of this AD, using a method approved by the FAA.
(i) Tolerance to radio altimeter interference, for the
fundamental emissions (3.7-3.98 GHz), at or above the power spectral
density (PSD) curve threshold specified in figure 1 to paragraph
(g)(2)(i) of this AD.
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[[Page 40061]]
Figure 1 to paragraph (g)(2)(i)--Fundamental Effective Isotropic PSD
at Outside Interface of Aircraft Antenna
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.101
(ii) Tolerance to radio altimeter interference, for the spurious
emissions (3.7-3.98 GHz), at or above the PSD curve threshold
specified in figure 2 to paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this AD.
[[Page 40062]]
Figure 2 to paragraph (g)(2)(ii)--Spurious Effective Isotropic PSD
at Outside Interface of Aircraft Antenna
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.102
(3) For purposes of this AD, a ``non-radio altimeter tolerant
airplane'' is one for which the radio altimeter, as installed, does
not demonstrate the tolerances specified in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and
(ii) of this AD.
(h) Retained Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) Revision
This paragraph restates the requirements of paragraph (g) of AD
2022-04-05.
(1) Within 2 days after February 14, 2022 (the effective date of
AD 2022-04-05): Revise the Limitations Section of the existing AFM
to include the information specified in figure 3 to paragraph (h)(1)
of this AD. This may be done by inserting a copy of figure 3 to
paragraph (h)(1) of this AD into the existing AFM.
[[Page 40063]]
Figure 3 to paragraph (h)(1)--AFM Limitations Revisions
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.103
(2) Within 2 days after February 14, 2022 (the effective date of
AD 2022-04-05): Revise the Operating Procedures Section of the
existing AFM to include the information specified in figure 4 to
paragraph (h)(2) of this AD. This may be done by inserting a copy of
figure 4 to paragraph (h)(2) of this AD into the Operating
Procedures Section of the existing AFM.
Figure 4 to paragraph (h)(2)--AFM Operating Procedures Revision
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.104
[[Page 40064]]
(i) New Requirement: AFM Limitations Revision for Non-Radio Altimeter
Tolerant Airplanes
For non-radio altimeter tolerant airplanes, do the actions
specified in paragraphs (i)(1) and (2) of this AD.
(1) On or before June 30, 2023, revise the Limitations Section
of the existing AFM to include the information specified in figure 5
to paragraph (i) of this AD. This may be done by inserting a copy of
figure 5 to paragraph (i) of this AD into the existing AFM.
Incorporating the AFM revision required by this paragraph terminates
the AFM revision required by paragraph (h)(1) of this AD.
(2) Before further flight after incorporating the limitations
specified in figure 5 to paragraph (i) of this AD, remove the AFM
revision required by paragraph (h)(1) of this AD.
Figure 5 to paragraph (i)--AFM Limitations Revision for Non-Radio
Altimeter Tolerant Airplanes
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.105
(j) New Requirement: AFM Limitations Revision for Radio Altimeter
Tolerant Airplanes
For radio altimeter tolerant airplanes, do the actions specified
in paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this AD.
(1) On or before June 30, 2023, revise the Limitations Section
of the existing AFM to include the information specified in figure 6
to paragraph (j) of this AD. This may be done by inserting a copy of
figure 6 to paragraph (j) of this AD into the existing AFM.
Incorporating the AFM revision required by this paragraph terminates
the AFM revision required by paragraph (h)(1) of this AD.
(2) Before further flight after incorporating the limitations
specified in figure 6 to paragraph (j) of this AD, remove the AFM
revision required by paragraph (h)(1) of this AD.
Figure 6 to paragraph (j)--AFM Limitations Revision for Radio
Altimeter Tolerant Airplanes
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.106
(k) New Requirement: AFM Operating Procedures Revision
For all airplanes, do the actions specified in paragraphs (k)(1)
and (2) of this AD.
(1) On or before June 30, 2023, revise the Operating Procedures
Section of the existing AFM to include the information specified in
figure 7 to paragraph (k) of this AD. This may be done by inserting
a copy of figure 7 to paragraph (k) of this AD into the existing
AFM. Incorporating the AFM revision required by this paragraph
terminates the AFM revision required by paragraph (h)(2) of this AD.
(2) Before further flight after incorporating the operating
procedures specified in figure 7 to paragraph (k) of this AD, remove
the AFM revision required by paragraph (h)(2) of this AD.
[[Page 40065]]
Figure 7 to paragraph (k)--AFM Operating Procedures Revision
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21JN23.107
(l) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, Operational Safety Branch, FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or responsible Flight
Standards Office, as appropriate. If sending information directly to
the manager of the Operational Safety Branch, send it to the
attention of the person identified in paragraph (m) of this AD.
Information may be emailed to: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#41000c0e02012720206f262e37"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="36777b79757650575718515940">[email protected]</span></a>.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the responsible Flight Standards Office.
(3) AMOCs approved for AD 2021-23-12, Amendment 39-21810 (86 FR
69984, December 9, 2021) providing relief for specific radio
altimeter installations are approved as AMOCs for the requirements
specified in paragraph (h) of this AD until June 30, 2023.
(m) Related Information
For more information about this AD, contact Brett Portwood,
Continued Operational Safety Technical Advisor, COS Program
Management Section, Operational Safety Branch, FAA, 3960 Paramount
Boulevard, Lakewood, CA 90712-4137; phone: 817-222-5390; email:
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#94fbe4f1e6f5e0fdfbfaf5f8e7f5f2f1e0edd4f2f5f5baf3fbe2"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="ef809f8a9d8e9b8680818e839c8e898a9b96af898e8ec1888099">[email protected]</span></a>.
(n) Material Incorporated by Reference
None.
Issued on June 9, 2023.
Michael Linegang,
Acting Director, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, Aircraft
Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2023-13153 Filed 6-16-23; 11:15 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-C
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