Notice2023-06907
Order Renewing Temporary Denial of Export Privileges; Azur Air, Sharypovo Airport, 404/1 Kozhevnicheskiy Land, Moscow, Russia
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
April 4, 2023
Issuing agencies
Commerce DepartmentIndustry and Security Bureau
Full Text
<html>
<head>
<title>Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 64 (Tuesday, April 4, 2023)</title>
</head>
<body><pre>
[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 64 (Tuesday, April 4, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 19908-19911]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2023-06907]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of Industry and Security
Order Renewing Temporary Denial of Export Privileges; Azur Air,
Sharypovo Airport, 404/1 Kozhevnicheskiy Land, Moscow, Russia
Pursuant to section 766.24 of the Export Administration
Regulations, 15 CFR parts 730-774 (``EAR'' or ``the Regulations''),\1\
I hereby grant the
[[Page 19909]]
request of the Office of Export Enforcement (``OEE'') to renew the
temporary denial order (``TDO'') issued in this matter on October 3,
2022. I find that renewal of this order is necessary in the public
interest to prevent an imminent violation of the Regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ On August 13, 2018, the President signed into law the John
S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019,
which includes the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, 50 U.S.C.
4801-4852 (``ECRA''). While section 1766 of ECRA repeals the
provisions of the Export Administration Act, 50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et
seq. (``EAA''), (except for three sections which are inapplicable
here), section 1768 of ECRA provides, in pertinent part, that all
orders, rules, regulations, and other forms of administrative action
that were made or issued under the EAA, including as continued in
effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act,
50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. (``IEEPA''), and were in effect as of ECRA's
date of enactment (August 13, 2018), shall continue in effect
according to their terms until modified, superseded, set aside, or
revoked through action undertaken pursuant to the authority provided
under ECRA. Moreover, section 1761(a)(5) of ECRA authorizes the
issuance of temporary denial orders. 50 U.S.C. 4820(a)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Procedural History
On April 7, 2022, I signed an order denying Azur Air's (``Azur'')
export privileges for a period of 180 days on the ground that issuance
of the order was necessary in the public interest to prevent an
imminent violation of the Regulations. The order was issued ex parte
pursuant to section 766.24(a) of the Regulations and was effective upon
issuance.\2\ This temporary denial order was subsequently renewed in
accordance with section 766.24(d) of the Regulations.\3\ The renewal
order issued on October 3, 2022 and was effective upon issuance.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ The TDO was published in the Federal Register on April 12,
2022 (87 FR 21614).
\3\ Section 766.24(d) provides that BIS may seek renewal of a
temporary denial order for additional 180-day renewal periods, if it
believes that renewal is necessary in the public interest to prevent
an imminent violation. Renewal requests are to be made in writing no
later than 20 days before the scheduled expiration date of a
temporary denial order.
\4\ The October 3, 2022 renewal order was published in the
Federal Register on October 7, 2022 (87 FR 60983).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On March 7, 2023, BIS, through OEE, submitted a written request for
renewal of the TDO that issued on October 3, 2022. The written request
was made more than 20 days before the TDO's scheduled expiration. A
copy of the renewal request was sent to Azur in accordance with
sections 766.5 and 766.24(d) of the Regulations. No opposition to the
renewal of the TDO has been received.
II. Renewal of the TDO
A. Legal Standard
Pursuant to section 766.24, BIS may issue an order temporarily
denying a respondent's export privileges upon a showing that the order
is necessary in the public interest to prevent an ``imminent
violation'' of the Regulations, or any order, license or authorization
issued thereunder. 15 CFR 766.24(b)(1) and 766.24(d). ``A violation may
be `imminent' either in time or degree of likelihood.'' 15 CFR
766.24(b)(3). BIS may show ``either that a violation is about to occur,
or that the general circumstances of the matter under investigation or
case under criminal or administrative charges demonstrate a likelihood
of future violations.'' Id. As to the likelihood of future violations,
BIS may show that the violation under investigation or charge ``is
significant, deliberate, covert and/or likely to occur again, rather
than technical or negligent[.]'' Id. A ``lack of information
establishing the precise time a violation may occur does not preclude a
finding that a violation is imminent, so long as there is sufficient
reason to believe the likelihood of a violation.'' Id.
B. The TDO and BIS's Request for Renewal
The U.S. Commerce Department, through BIS, responded to the Russian
Federation's (``Russia's'') further invasion of Ukraine by implementing
a sweeping series of stringent export controls that severely restrict
Russia's access to technologies and other items that it needs to
sustain its aggressive military capabilities. These controls primarily
target Russia's defense, aerospace, and maritime sectors and are
intended to cut off Russia's access to vital technological inputs,
atrophy key sectors of its industrial base, and undercut Russia's
strategic ambitions to exert influence on the world stage. Effective
February 24, 2022, BIS imposed expansive controls on aviation-related
(e.g., Commerce Control List Categories 7 and 9) items to Russia,
including a license requirement for the export, reexport or transfer
(in-country) to Russia of any aircraft or aircraft parts specified in
Export Control Classification Number (``ECCN'') 9A991 (section
746.8(a)(1) of the EAR).\5\ BIS will review any export or reexport
license applications for such items under a policy of denial. See
section 746.8(b). Effective March 2, 2022, BIS excluded any aircraft
registered in, owned, or controlled by, or under charter or lease by
Russia or a national of Russia from being eligible for license
exception Aircraft, Vessels, and Spacecraft (``AVS'') (section 740.15
of the EAR).\6\ Accordingly, any U.S.-origin aircraft or foreign
aircraft that includes more than 25% controlled U.S.-origin content,
and that is registered in, owned, or controlled by, or under charter or
lease by Russia or a national of Russia, is subject to a license
requirement before it can travel to Russia.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ 87 FR 12226 (Mar. 3, 2022). Additionally, BIS published a
final rule effective April 8, 2022, which imposed licensing
requirements on items controlled on the Commerce Control List
(``CCL'') under Categories 0-2 that are destined for Russia or
Belarus. Accordingly, now all CCL items require export, reexport,
and transfer (in-country) licenses if destined for or within Russia
or Belarus. 87 FR 22130 (Apr. 14, 2022).
\6\ 87 FR 13048 (Mar. 8, 2022).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This OEE request for renewal is based upon the facts underlying the
issuance of the initial TDO and the renewal order subsequently issued
in this matter on October 3, 2022, as well as other evidence developed
during this investigation. These facts and evidence demonstrate that
Azur continues to act in blatant disregard for U.S. export controls and
the applicable TDO. Specifically, the initial TDO, issued on April 7,
2022, was based on evidence that Azur engaged in conduct prohibited by
the Regulations by operating multiple aircraft subject to the EAR and
classified under ECCN 9A991.b on flights into Russia after March 2,
2022, from destinations including, but not limited to, Nha Trang,
Vietnam, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and Antalya, Turkey, without the
required BIS authorization.\7\ Further evidence submitted by BIS
indicated that Azur was continuing to operate aircraft subject to the
EAR domestically on flights within Russia, potentially in violation of
section 736.2(b)(10) of the Regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Publicly available flight tracking information shows that on
March 6, 2022, serial number (SN) 27612 flew from Nha Trang, Vietnam
to Moscow, Russia and on March 10, 2022, SN 27909 flew from Dubai,
UAE to Vladivostok, Russia. In addition, on March 17, 2022, SN 21614
flew from Antalya, Turkey to Kazan, Russia.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As discussed in the October 3, 2022 renewal order, evidence
presented by BIS indicated that, after the initial order issued, Azur
continued to operate aircraft subject to the EAR and classified under
ECCN 9A991.b on flights both into and out of Russia, in violation of
the Regulations and the TDO itself.\8\ Specifically, the October 3,
2022 renewal order detailed Azur's continued operation of aircraft
subject to the EAR, including, but not limited to, on flights into and
out of Russia from/to Antalya, Turkey, Dalaman, Turkey, and Bodrum,
Turkey.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ Engaging in conduct prohibited by a denial order violates
the Regulations. 15 CFR 764.2(a) and (k).
\9\ Publicly available flight tracking information shows that SN
29377 flew from Antalya, Turkey to Moscow, Russia on September 21,
2022. In addition, on September 20, 2022, SN 26271 flew from Bodrum,
Turkey to Moscow, Russia and SN 30045 flew from Dalaman, Turkey to
Yekaterinburg, Russia.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since that time, Azur has continued to engage in conduct prohibited
by the applicable TDO and Regulations. In its March 7, 2023 request for
renewal of the TDO, BIS submitted evidence that Azur
[[Page 19910]]
is operating aircraft subject to the EAR and classified under ECCN
9A991.b, both on flights into and within Russia, in violation of the
October 3, 2022 TDO and/or the Regulations. Specifically, BIS's
evidence and related investigation demonstrates that Azur has continued
to operate aircraft subject to the EAR, including, but not limited to,
on flights into and out of Russia from/to Hurghada, Egypt, Goa, India,
and Phuket, Thailand. Information about those flights includes, but is
not limited to, the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Departure/arrival
Tail No. Serial No. Aircraft type cities Dates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RA-73071....................... 29377 757-2Q8 (B752).... Adana, TR/Moscow, March 13, 2023.
RU.
RA-73071....................... 29377 757-2Q8 (B752).... Sharm el-Sheikh, March 14, 2023.
EG/Moscow, RU.
RA-73071....................... 29377 757-2Q8 (B752).... Dubai, AE/Moscow, March 15, 2023.
RU.
RA-73071....................... 29377 757-2Q8 (B752).... Hurghada, EG/ March 18, 2023.
Moscow, RU.
RA-73077....................... 30045 757-2Q8 (B752).... Goa, IN/Perm, RU.. March 3, 2023.
RA-73077....................... 30045 757-2Q8 (B752).... Rayong, TH/ March 6, 2023.
Kemerovo, RU.
RA-73077....................... 30045 757-2Q8 (B752).... Phuket, TH/ March 12, 2023.
Novosibirsk, RU.
RA-73077....................... 30045 757-2Q8 (B752).... Rayong, TH/ March 16, 2023.
Kemerovo, RU.
RA-73079....................... 24947 767-3Y0 (ER) B763. Male, MV/Moscow, February 18, 2023.
RU.
RA-73079....................... 24947 767-3Y0 (ER) B763. Colombo, LK/ February 28, 2023.
Moscow, RU.
RA-73079....................... 24947 767-3Y0 (ER) B763. Dubai, AE/Moscow, March 1, 2023.
RU.
RA-73079....................... 24947 767-3Y0 (ER) B763. Phuket, TH/Moscow, March 5, 2023.
RU.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. Findings
Under the applicable standard set forth in section 766.24 of the
Regulations and my review of the entire record, I find that the
evidence presented by BIS convincingly demonstrates that Azur has acted
in violation of the Regulations and the TDO; that such violations have
been significant and deliberate; and that given the foregoing and the
nature of the matters under investigation, there is a likelihood of
imminent violations. Therefore, renewal of the TDO is necessary in the
public interest to prevent imminent violation of the Regulations and to
give notice to companies and individuals in the United States and
abroad that they should avoid dealing with Azur, in connection with
export and reexport transactions involving items subject to the
Regulations and in connection with any other activity subject to the
Regulations.
IV. Order
It is therefore ordered:
First, Azur Air, Sharypovo Airport, 404/1 Kozhevnicheskiy Lane,
Moscow, Russia, when acting for or on their behalf, any successors or
assigns, agents, or employees may not, directly or indirectly,
participate in any way in any transaction involving any commodity,
software or technology (hereinafter collectively referred to as
``item'') exported or to be exported from the United States that is
subject to the EAR, or in any other activity subject to the EAR
including, but not limited to:
A. Applying for, obtaining, or using any license (except directly
related to safety of flight), license exception, or export control
document;
B. Carrying on negotiations concerning, or ordering, buying,
receiving, using, selling, delivering, storing, disposing of,
forwarding, transporting, financing, or otherwise servicing in any way,
any transaction involving any item exported or to be exported from the
United States that is subject to the EAR except directly related to
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2)
of the Regulations, or engaging in any other activity subject to the
EAR except directly related to safety of flight and authorized by BIS
pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2) of the Regulations; or
C. Benefitting in any way from any transaction involving any item
exported or to be exported from the United States that is subject to
the EAR, or from any other activity subject to the EAR except directly
related to safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section
764.3(a)(2) of the Regulations.
Second, that no person may, directly or indirectly, do any of the
following:
A. Export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) to or on behalf of
Azur any item subject to the EAR except directly related to safety of
flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2) of the
Regulations;
B. Take any action that facilitates the acquisition or attempted
acquisition by Azur of the ownership, possession, or control of any
item subject to the EAR that has been or will be exported from the
United States, including financing or other support activities related
to a transaction whereby Azur acquires or attempts to acquire such
ownership, possession or control except directly related to safety of
flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2) of the
Regulations;
C. Take any action to acquire from or to facilitate the acquisition
or attempted acquisition from Azur of any item subject to the EAR that
has been exported from the United States except directly related to
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2)
of the Regulations;
D. Obtain from Azur in the United States any item subject to the
EAR with knowledge or reason to know that the item will be, or is
intended to be, exported from the United States except directly related
to safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section
764.3(a)(2) of the Regulations; or
E. Engage in any transaction to service any item subject to the EAR
that has been or will be exported from the United States and which is
owned, possessed or controlled by Azur, or service any item, of
whatever origin, that is owned, possessed or controlled by Azur if such
service involves the use of any item subject to the EAR that has been
or will be exported from the United States except directly related to
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2)
of the Regulations. For purposes of this paragraph, servicing means
installation, maintenance, repair, modification, or testing.
Third, that, after notice and opportunity for comment as provided
in section 766.23 of the EAR, any other person, firm, corporation, or
business organization related to Azur by ownership, control, position
of responsibility, affiliation, or other connection in the conduct of
trade or business may also be made subject to the provisions of this
Order.
In accordance with the provisions of sections 766.24(e) of the EAR,
Azur may, at any time, appeal this Order by filing a full written
statement in support of the appeal with the Office of the
Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Coast Guard ALJ Docketing Center, 40
South Gay Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4022.
[[Page 19911]]
In accordance with the provisions of section 766.24(d) of the EAR,
BIS may seek renewal of this Order by filing a written request not
later than 20 days before the expiration date. A renewal request may be
opposed by Azur as provided in section 766.24(d), by filing a written
submission with the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export
Enforcement, which must be received not later than seven days before
the expiration date of the Order.
A copy of this Order shall be provided to Azur, and shall be
published in the Federal Register.
This Order is effective immediately and shall remain in effect for
180 days.
Matthew S. Axelrod,
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2023-06907 Filed 4-3-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DT-P
</pre></body>
</html>Indexed from Federal Register on April 4, 2023.
This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.