Notice2022-26887
Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
December 12, 2022
Issuing agencies
Health and Human Services DepartmentCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 87 Issue 237 (Monday, December 12, 2022)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 237 (Monday, December 12, 2022)]
[Notices]
[Pages 76049-76051]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2022-26887]
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
[30Day-23-0222]
Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review
In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has submitted the information
collection request titled ``Collaborating Center for Questionnaire
Design and Evaluation for the National Center for Health Statistics''
to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval.
CDC previously published a ``Proposed Data Collection Submitted for
Public Comment and Recommendations'' notice on September 30, 2022 to
obtain comments from the public and affected agencies. CDC did not
receive comments related to the previous notice. This notice serves to
allow an additional 30 days for public and affected agency comments.
CDC will accept all comments for this proposed information
collection project. The Office of Management and Budget is particularly
interested in comments that:
(a) Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is
necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency,
including whether the information will have practical utility;
(b) Evaluate the accuracy of the agencies estimate of the burden of
the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used;
(c) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to
be collected;
(d) Minimize the burden of the collection of information on those
who are to respond, including, through the use of appropriate
automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection
techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting
electronic submission of responses; and
(e) Assess information collection costs.
To request additional information on the proposed project or to
obtain a copy of the information collection plan and instruments, call
(404) 639-7570. Comments and recommendations for the proposed
information collection should be sent within 30 days of publication of
this notice to <a href="http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain">www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain</a>. Find this particular
information collection by selecting ``Currently under 30-day Review--
Open for Public Comments'' or by using the search function. Direct
written comments and/or suggestions regarding the items contained in
this notice to the Attention: CDC Desk Officer, Office of Management
and Budget, 725 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20503 or by fax to (202)
395-5806. Provide written comments within 30 days of notice
publication.
Proposed Project
The Collaborating Center for Questionnaire Design and Evaluation
Research (CCQDER) (OMB Control No. 0920-0222, Exp. 09/30/2024)--
Revision--National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Background and Brief Description
Section 306 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act (42 U.S.C.
242k), as amended, authorizes that the Secretary of Health and Human
Services (DHHS), acting through NCHS, shall undertake and support (by
grant or contract) research, demonstrations, and evaluations respecting
new or improved methods for obtaining current data to support
statistical and epidemiological activities for the purpose of improving
the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of health services in the
United States.
The Collaborating Center for Questionnaire Design and Evaluation
Research (CCQDER) is the focal point within NCHS for questionnaire and
survey development, pre-testing, and evaluation activities for CDC
surveys such as the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), the
Research and Development Survey (RANDS) (including RANDS COVID), and
other federally sponsored surveys. The CCQDER is requesting three years
of OMB Clearance for this Generic submission.
The CCQDER and other NCHS programs conduct cognitive interviews,
focus groups, in-depth or ethnographic interviews, usability tests,
field tests/pilot interviews, and experimental research in laboratory
and field settings, both for applied questionnaire development and
evaluation as well as more basic research on measurement errors and
survey response. Various techniques to evaluate interviewer
administered, self-administered, telephone, Computer Assisted Personal
Interviewing (CAPI), Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI), Audio
Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (ACASI), and web-based
questionnaires are used.
The most common questionnaire evaluation method is the cognitive
interview. These evaluations are conducted by the CCQDER. The interview
structure consists of respondents first answering a draft survey
question and then providing textual information to reveal the processes
involved in answering the test
[[Page 76050]]
question. Specifically, cognitive interview respondents are asked to
describe how and why they answered the question as they did. Through
the interviewing process, various types of question-response problems
that would not normally be identified in a traditional survey
interview, such as interpretive errors and recall accuracy, are
uncovered. By conducting a comparative analysis of cognitive
interviews, it is also possible to determine whether particular
interpretive patterns occur within particular sub-groups of the
population. Interviews are generally conducted in small rounds totaling
40-100 interviews; ideally, the questionnaire is re-worked between
rounds, and revisions are tested iteratively until interviews yield
relatively few new insights.
Cognitive interviewing is inexpensive and provides useful data on
questionnaire performance while minimizing respondent burden. Cognitive
interviewing offers a detailed depiction of meanings and processes used
by respondents to answer questions--processes that ultimately produce
the survey data. As such, the method offers an insight that can
transform understanding of question validity and response error.
Documented findings from these studies represent tangible evidence of
how the question performs. Such documentation also serves CDC data
users, allowing them to be critical users in their approach and
application of the data.
In addition to cognitive interviewing, a number of other
qualitative and quantitative methods are used to investigate and
research measurement errors and the survey response process. These
methods include conducting focus groups, usability tests, in-depth or
ethnographic interviews, and the administration and analysis of
questions in both representative and non-representative field tests.
Focus groups are conducted by the CCQDER. They are group interviews
whose primary purpose is to elicit the basic socio-cultural
understandings and terminology that form the basis of questionnaire
design. Each group typically consists of one moderator and four to 10
participants, depending on the research question. In-depth or
ethnographic interviews are one-on-one interviews designed to elicit
the understandings or terminology that are necessary for question
design, as well as to gather detailed information that can contribute
to the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data. Usability
tests are typically one-on-one interviews that are used to determine
how a given survey or information collection tool functions in the
field, and how the mode and layout of the instrument itself may
contribute to survey response error and the survey response process.
In addition to these qualitative methods, NCHS also uses various
tools to obtain quantitative data, which can be analyzed alone or
analyzed alongside qualitative data to give a much fuller accounting of
the survey response process. For instance, phone, internet, mail, and
in-person follow-up interviews of previous NCHS survey respondents may
be used to test the validity of survey questions and questionnaires and
to obtain more detailed information that cannot be gathered on the
original survey. Additionally, field or pilot tests may be conducted on
both representative and non-representative samples, including those
obtained from commercial survey and web panel vendors. Beyond looking
at traditional measures of survey errors (such as item missing rates
and non-response, and don't know rates), these pilot tests can be used
to run experimental designs in order to capture how different questions
function in a field setting. Similar methodology has been adopted by
other federal agencies, as well as by academic and commercial survey
organizations.
In 2022-2025 NCHS/CCQDER staff plans to continue research on
methods evaluation and general questionnaire design research. We
envision that over the next three years, NCHS/CCQDER will work
collaboratively with survey researchers from universities and other
federal agencies to define and examine several research areas,
including, but not limited to: (1) differences between face-to-face,
telephone, and virtual/video-over internet cognitive interviewing; (2)
effectiveness of different approaches to cognitive interviewing, such
as concurrent and retrospective probing; (3) reactions of both survey
respondents and survey interviewers to the use of Computer Assisted
Personal Interviewing (CAPI), Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview
(ACASI), video-over internet/virtual; (4) social, cultural and
linguistic factors in the question response process; and (5)
recruitment and respondent participation at varying levels of incentive
in an effort to establish empirical evidence regarding remuneration and
coercion. Procedures for each of these studies will be similar to those
applied in the usual testing of survey questions. For example,
questionnaires that are of current interest (such as RANDS and NIOSH)
may be evaluated using several of the techniques described above, or
different versions of a survey question will be developed, and the
variants then administered to separate groups of respondents in order
to study the cognitive processes that account for the differences in
responses obtained across different versions.
These studies will be conducted either by CCQDER staff, DHHS staff,
or NCHS contractors who are trained in cognitive interviewing
techniques. The results of these studies will be applied to our
specific questionnaire development activities in order to improve the
methods that we use to conduct questionnaire testing, and to guide
questionnaire design in general.
CDC requests OMB approval for an estimated 21,905 annualized burden
hours. This is an increase of 12,450 hours per year due to the addition
of RANDS Methodological Surveys. There is no cost to respondents other
than their time to participate.
Estimated Annualized Burden Table
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Number of Average hours
Type of respondents Form name Number of responses per per response
respondents respondent (in hours)
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Individuals or households............. Eligibility Screeners... 4,400 1 5/60
Individuals or households............. Developmental 8,750 1 55/60
Questionnaires.
Individuals or households............. Respondent Data 8,750 1 5/60
Collection Sheet.
Individuals or households............. Focus Group Documents... 225 1 90/60
Individuals or households............. RANDS Methodological 49,800 1 15/60
Surveys.
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[[Page 76051]]
Jeffrey M. Zirger,
Lead, Information Collection Review Office, Office of Scientific
Integrity, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
[FR Doc. 2022-26887 Filed 12-9-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4163-18-P
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