Rule2022-17651
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures
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Published
August 17, 2022
Effective
August 17, 2022
Issuing agencies
Environmental Protection Agency
Abstract
This action announces the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring the levels of contaminants in drinking water to determine compliance with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes EPA to approve the use of alternative testing methods through publication in the Federal Register. EPA is using this streamlined authority to make seven additional methods available for analyzing drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides public water systems, laboratories, and primacy agencies with more timely access to new measurement techniques and greater flexibility in the selection of analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs while maintaining public health protection.
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 87 Issue 158 (Wednesday, August 17, 2022)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 158 (Wednesday, August 17, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 50575-50584]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2022-17651]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407; FRL-9834-01-OW]
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis
and Sampling Procedures
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This action announces the Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring
the levels of contaminants in drinking water to determine compliance
with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking
Water Act authorizes EPA to approve the use of alternative testing
methods through publication in the Federal Register. EPA is using this
streamlined authority to make seven additional methods available for
analyzing drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides
public water systems, laboratories, and primacy agencies with more
timely access to new measurement techniques and greater flexibility in
the selection of analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs
while maintaining public health protection.
DATES: This action is effective August 17, 2022.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407. All documents in the docket are listed on the
<a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> website. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business
information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available
electronically through <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Glynda Smith, Technical Support
Center, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West
Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone number: (513)
569-7652; email address: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#22514f4b564a0c454e5b4c4643624752430c454d54"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="07746a6e736f29606b7e6963664762776629606871">[email protected]</span></a>.
[[Page 50576]]
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water samples. In addition, EPA Regions as
well as States and Tribal governments with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water systems under the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) may measure contaminants in water samples. When EPA
sets a monitoring requirement in its national primary drinking water
regulations for a given contaminant, the agency also establishes (in
the regulations) standardized test procedures for analysis of the
contaminant. This action makes alternative testing methods available
for particular drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods
currently established in the regulations. EPA is providing public water
systems, required to test water samples, with a choice of using either
a test procedure already established in the existing regulations or an
alternative testing method that has been approved in this action or in
prior expedited approval actions. Categories and entities that may
ultimately be affected by this action include:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of
Category potentially regulated NAICS \1\
entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, local, & Tribal State, local, and 924110
governments. Tribal governments
that analyze water
samples on behalf of
public water systems
required to conduct
such analysis; State,
local, and Tribal
governments that
directly operate
community and non-
transient non-
community water
systems required to
monitor.
Industry....................... Private operators of 221310
community and non-
transient non-
community water
systems required to
monitor.
Municipalities................. Municipal operators of 924110
community and non-
transient non-
community water
systems required to
monitor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be interested in this
action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also have
some interest. To determine whether your facility is affected by this
action, you should carefully examine the applicability language in the
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of a
public water system). If you have questions regarding the applicability
of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency
LED: Light emitting diode
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
QC: Quality Control
SDWA: The Safe Drinking Water Act
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies
II. Background
A. What is the purpose of this action?
In this action, EPA is approving seven analytical methods for
determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples
collected under SDWA. Regulated entities required to sample and monitor
may use either the testing methods already established in existing
regulations or the alternative testing methods being approved in this
action or in prior expedited approval actions. The new methods are
listed along with other methods similarly approved through previous
expedited actions in 40 CFR part 141, appendix A to subpart C and on
EPA's drinking water methods website at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods">https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods</a>.
B. What is the basis for this action?
When EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is
``equally effective'' (i.e., as effective as a method that has already
been promulgated in the regulations), SDWA allows EPA to approve the
use of the alternative testing method through publication in the
Federal Register (see section 1401(1) of SDWA). EPA is using this
streamlined approval authority to make seven additional methods
available for determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water
samples collected under SDWA. EPA has determined that, for each
contaminant or group of contaminants listed in section III of this
preamble, the additional testing methods being approved in this action
are as effective as one or more of the testing methods already approved
in the regulations for those contaminants. Section 1401(1) of SDWA
states that the newly approved methods ``shall be treated as an
alternative for public water systems to the quality control and testing
procedures listed in the regulation.'' Accordingly, this action makes
these additional seven analytical methods legally available as options
for meeting EPA's monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory language, but does, for
informational purposes, update an appendix to the regulations at 40 CFR
part 141 that lists all methods approved under section 1401(1) of SDWA.
Accordingly, while this action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text
and therefore is being published in the ``Final Rules'' section of the
Federal Register.
III. Summary of Approvals
EPA is approving seven methods that are equally effective relative
to methods previously promulgated in the regulations. By means of this
action, these seven methods are added to appendix A to subpart C of 40
CFR part 141.
A. Methods Developed by EPA
1. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. Radium-228 in Drinking Water
(USEPA 2022). EPA Method 904.0 (USEPA 1980) was published in the
drinking water regulations at 40 CFR 141.25(a) as an approved method
for radium-228. The approved method describes a single-point
calibration, contains no quality control specifications, and provides
no calculation for the drinking water detection limit. EPA Method
904.0, Revision 1.0 was developed in response to comments from
stakeholders requesting a method revision that provides clearly defined
calibration and quality control criteria to assure a more robust
procedure capable of yielding consistent and reliable analytical
results. The primary analytical steps in Revision 1.0 are unchanged
relative to the approved method.
The revised method contains detailed instructions on preparing an
appropriate calibration curve based on the allowable yield ranges
instead of relying on a single-point calibration. Assessing the
efficiency based on a yield range will improve the accuracy in the
final
[[Page 50577]]
calculated activity whereas a single-point calibration assumes that
every sample will yield the same mass of solid precipitate.
The revised method contains the quality control specifications that
laboratories must follow in order to obtain and maintain Method 904.0,
Revision 1.0 certification to analyze drinking water compliance
samples. In addition to incorporation of specific quality control
requirements and acceptance criteria, the revised method contains
options for yield determinations. In EPA Method 904.0, two different
yields are monitored based on the precipitated products; namely,
radium-228 is separated from the sample by co-precipitation with barium
sulfate, then ingrown actinium-228 is separated by co-precipitation
with yttrium oxalate. The currently approved method relies on
gravimetric determination of the final barium sulfate precipitate to
estimate the fractional yield of radium carried on the precipitate. The
revised method allows the option to incorporate barium-133 as a
radiochemical yield monitor. Barium-133 is a non-interfering gamma
emitter that is carried through the precipitation and complexation
steps along with radium-228. Incorporation of a radiochemical yield
monitor provides a sensitive option to assess yield based on activity
instead of mass. The currently approved method also describes
preparation of a final yttrium oxalate nonahydrate precipitate to
determine the fractional yield of actinium-228 carried on the
precipitate. Yttrium oxalate can be precipitated in the form of several
different hydrates with the predominate form dependent on the pH. This
issue is not discussed in the original method and can increase
variability in the yield results. The revised method discusses the
importance of pH control and includes the option to convert the yttrium
oxalate nonahydrate to yttrium oxide to eliminate the issue posed by
the presence of multiple hydrates.
The revised method contains an expanded ``calculations'' section
that includes the appropriate equation for determining the radionuclide
drinking water detection limit as defined in the regulations at 40 CFR
141.25(c).
EPA has determined that EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 is equally
effective for determining radium-228 in drinking water samples,
relative to the approved method. The basis for this determination is
discussed in greater detail in Smith 2022a. Therefore, EPA is approving
EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 for determining radium-228 in drinking
water. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0 is available at the National
Service Center for Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. ASTM International. EPA compared the most recent versions of
three ASTM International methods to the earlier versions of those
methods that are currently approved in 40 CFR part 141. Changes between
the earlier approved version and the most recent version of each method
are described more fully in Smith 2022b. The revisions involve
primarily editorial changes (e.g., updated references, definitions,
terminology, procedural clarifications, and reorganization of text).
The revised methods are the same as the approved versions with respect
to sample collection and handling protocols, sample preparation,
analytical methodology, and method performance data; thus, EPA finds
they are equally effective relative to the approved methods.
EPA is thus approving the use of the following ASTM methods for the
contaminants and their respective regulations listed in the following
table:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM revised version Approved method Contaminant(s) Regulation citations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D 4785-20 (ASTM 2020a)............ D 4785-00 (ASTM 2000) Radioactive iodine, 40 CFR 141.25(a).
gamma emitters.
D 4107-20 (ASTM 2020b)............ D 4107-98 (ASTM Tritium............. 40 CFR 141.25(a).
1998a).
D 5317-20 (ASTM 2020c)............ D 5317-98 (ASTM 2,4-D, 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).
1998b). Pentachlorophenol,
Picloram, 2,4,5-TP.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
1. Tintometer Lovibond TB 3500 Method--Measurement of Drinking
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond White Light LED
Portable Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021a). The Tintometer Lovibond TB
3500 Method uses white light emitting diode (LED) nephelometry in a
portable turbidimeter to measure turbidity in drinking water. The LED
emits white light in the visible spectrum between 380 nm and 780 nm,
with spectral peak response between 400 nm and 600 nm. The method is
based on a comparison of the intensity of light scattered by a drinking
water sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light
scattered by a standard reference suspension.
Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
The performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 3500 Method were
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 1000 method (Tintometer 2016a). The
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results
obtained from the turbidimeters tested at three different utilities.
Each utility used surface water sources, but different treatment
technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of detection,
and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with subsequent
sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and process-
method comparability.
EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 3500 Method is equally
effective relative to Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Adams 2022a. Therefore, EPA is approving
the Lovibond TB 3500 Method for determining turbidity in drinking
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
2. Tintometer Lovibond TB 5000 Method--Measurement of Drinking
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond 660-nm LED
Portable Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021c). The Tintometer Lovibond TB
5000 Method uses light emitting diode (LED) nephelometry in a portable
turbidimeter to measure turbidity in drinking water. The LED emits 660-
nm light to reduce interferences due to dissolved organics and sample
color. The method is based on a comparison of the intensity of light
scattered by a drinking water sample under defined conditions with the
intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension.
Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
The
[[Page 50578]]
performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 5000 Method were
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 2000 method (Tintometer 2016b). The
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results
obtained from the turbidimeters placed online at three different
utilities. Each utility used surface water sources, but different
treatment technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of
detection, and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with
subsequent sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and
process-method comparability.
EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 5000 Method is equally
effective relative to Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Adams 2022b. Therefore, EPA is approving
the Lovibond TB 5000 Method for determining turbidity in drinking
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
3. Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 Method--Measurement of Drinking
Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample Using a Lovibond Portable Laser
Turbidimeter (Tintometer 2021d). The Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 Method
uses laser nephelometry in a portable turbidimeter to measure turbidity
in drinking water. The method uses a laser diode with a peak emitting
center wavelength between 650 nm and 690 nm. The method is based on a
comparison of the intensity of light scattered by a drinking water
sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered
by a standard reference suspension.
Approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
The performance characteristics of the Lovibond TB 6000 Method were
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved Hach
FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000) and continuous online
process Tintometer Lovibond PTV 6000 method (Tintometer 2016c). The
validation study report (Tintometer 2021b) summarizes the results
obtained from the turbidimeters placed online at three different
utilities. Each utility used surface water sources, but different
treatment technologies. Method precision, bias, linearity, limits of
detection, and reporting limits were determined at the first site, with
subsequent sites being used for direct ATP candidate-, reference-, and
process-method comparability.
EPA has determined that the Lovibond TB 6000 Method is equally
effective relative to Hach Filter TrakMethod 10133. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Adams 2022c. Therefore, EPA is approving
the Lovibond TB 6000 Method for determining turbidity in drinking
water. A copy of the method is available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
As noted in section II of this preamble, under the terms of SDWA
section 1401(1), this streamlined method approval action is not a rule.
Accordingly, the Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as
added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996, does not apply because this action is not a rule for purposes of
5 U.S.C. 804(3). Similarly, this action is not subject to the
Regulatory Flexibility Act because it is not subject to notice and
comment requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute. In addition, because this approval action is not a rule,
but simply makes alternative testing methods available as options for
monitoring under SDWA, EPA has concluded that other statutes and
executive orders generally applicable to rulemaking do not apply to
this approval action.
V. References
Adams, W. 2022a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 3500 turbidimeter. February 9,
2022. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Adams, W. 2022b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 5000 turbidimeter. February 9,
2022. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Adams, W. 2022c. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of Tintometer Lovibond TB 6000 turbidimeter. February 9,
2022. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
ASTM International. 1998a. ASTM D 4107-98. Standard Test Method for
Tritium in Drinking Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
ASTM International. 1998b. ASTM D 5317-98. Standard Test Method for
Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas
Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D 4785-00. Standard Test Method for
Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
ASTM International. 2020a. ASTM D 4785-20. Standard Test Method for
Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
ASTM International. 2020b. ASTM D 4107-20. Standard Test Method for
Tritium in Drinking Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
ASTM International. 2020c. ASTM D 5317-20. Standard Test Method for
Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas
Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at <a href="https://www.astm.org">https://www.astm.org</a>.)
Hach Company. 2000. Hach FilterTrak Method 10133. Determination of
Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry. January 2000, Revision 2.0. Hach
Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, Loveland, Colorado 80539. (Available
at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">http://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Smith, G. 2022a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. January 10, 2022.
(Available at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">http://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2022-0407.)
Smith, G. 2022b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of updated methods from ASTM International. January 5,
2022. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016a. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity
using a Lovibond PTV 1000 White Light LED Turbidimeter--The Lovibond
White Light Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc.
6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016b. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity
using a Lovibond PTV 2000 660-nm LED Turbidimeter--The Lovibond 660-
nm LED Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456
Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2016c. Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity
using a Lovibond PTV 6000 Laser Turbidimeter--The Lovibond 6000
Laser
[[Page 50579]]
Method. December 2016. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021a. Lovibond TB 3500: Measurement of a Captured Sample
using a Lovibond White Light LED Portable Turbidimeter. May 2021.
Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL
34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021b. Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) Validation Study
Report for the Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity up to 10 NTU
using the Lovibond Portable Turbidimeter Methods. April 26, 2021.
Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available
at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021c. Lovibond TB 5000: Measurement of Drinking Water
Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond 660-nm LED Portable
Turbidimeter. May 2021. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
Tintometer 2021d. Lovibond TB 6000: Measurement of Drinking Water
Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond Portable Laser
Turbidimeter. May 2021. Revision 1.0. Tintometer, Inc. 6456 Parkland
Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 904.0. Radium-228 in Drinking Water in
``Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking
Water,'' EPA-600/4-80-032, August 1980. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
USEPA. 2022. EPA Method 904.0, Revision 1.0. Radium-228 in Drinking
Water. EPA 815-B-22-003. March 2022. (Available at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a>; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0407.)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Environmental protection, Chemicals, Indians--lands,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Water supply.
Jennifer L. McLain,
Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental
Protection Agency amends 40 CFR part 141 as follows:
PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
0
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4,
300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.
0
2. Amend appendix A to subpart C of Part 141 by:
0
a. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)'';
0
b. In the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS
LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.25(a)'' revise the entries for ``Radium 228,''
``Radioactive Iodine,'' ``Tritium,'' and ``Gamma Emitters'';
0
c. In the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS
LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)'' revise the entry for ``Turbidity'';
0
d. Revise footnotes ``7'', ``10'', ``11'', ``12'', ``15'', ``18'',
``19'', ``27'', ``30'', ``47'', and ``50''; and,
0
e. Add footnotes 62 through 65.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
APPENDIX A TO SUBPART C OF PART 141--ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS
APPROVED FOR ANALYSES UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
* * * * *
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.24 (e)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SM 22nd
SM 21st edition edition,\28\ SM
Contaminant Methodology EPA method \1\ 23rd edition SM Online \ 3\ ASTM \4\ Other
\49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benzene...................... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Carbon tetrachloride......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Chlorobenzene................ Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene.......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene.......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichloroethane........... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
cis-Dichloroethylene......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
trans-Dichloroethylene....... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Dichloromethane.............. Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
[[Page 50580]]
1,2-Dichloropropane.......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Ethylbenzene................. Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Styrene...................... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Tetrachloroethylene.......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane........ Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Trichloroethylene............ Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Toluene...................... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene....... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,1-Dichloroethylene......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
1,1,2-Trichlorethane......... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Vinyl chloride............... Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
Xylenes (total).............. Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4..
Mass
Spectrometry.
2,4-D........................ Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-06 D 5317-20. ...............
Chromatography/
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)............ Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-06 D 5317-20. ...............
Chromatography/
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
Alachlor..................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Atrazine..................... Liquid \25\ 536.
Chromatography
Electrospray
Ionization
Tandem Mass
Spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS).
Solid Phase \24\ 525.3, \26\
Extraction/Gas 523.
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS)
[[Page 50581]]
Benzo(a)pyrene............... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3......
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Carbofuran................... High-performance ................ 6610 B.......... 6610 B.......... 6610 B-04.
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC) with
post-column
derivatization
and
fluorescence
detection.
Liquid ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... \58\ ME 531
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry.
Chlordane.................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3......
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Dalapon...................... Ion \14\ 557.
Chromatography
Electrospray
Ionization
Tandem Mass
Spectrometry
(IC-ESI-MS/MS).
Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-
Chromatography/ 06.
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate...... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP).. Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3.
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry.
Dinoseb...................... Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-
Chromatography/ 06.
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
Endrin....................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Ethyl dibromide (EDB)........ Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3.
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry.
Glyphosate................... High-Performance ................ 6651 B.......... 6651 B.......... 6651 B-00, B-
Liquid 05.
Chromatography
(HPLC) with
Post-Column
Derivatization
and
Fluorescence
Detection.
[[Page 50582]]
Heptachlor................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Heptachlor Epoxide........... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Hexachlorobenzene............ Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Lindane...................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Methoxychlor................. Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Oxamyl....................... High-performance ................ 6610 B.......... 6610 B.......... 6610 B-04.
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC) with
post-column
derivatization
and
fluorescence
detection.
Liquid ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... \58\ ME 531.
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry.
PCBs (as Aroclors)........... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Pentachlorophenol............ Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-06 D 5317-20.
Chromatography/
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Picloram..................... Gas ................ 6640 B.......... 6640 B.......... 6640 B-01, B-06 D 5317-20...... ...............
Chromatography/
Electron
Capture
Detection (GC/
ECD).
Simazine..................... Liquid \25\ 536.
Chromatography
Electrospray
Ionization
Tandem Mass
Spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS).
[[Page 50583]]
Solid Phase \24\ 525.3, \26\
Extraction/Gas 523.
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Toxaphene.................... Solid Phase \24\ 525.3.
Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
(GC/MS).
Total Trihalomethanes........ Purge &Trap/Gas \9\ 524.3, \29\
Chromatography/ 524.4.
Mass
Spectrometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.25(a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SM 22nd
Contaminant Methodology EPA method SM 21st edition edition,\28\ SM ASTM \4\ SM Online \3\
\1\ 23rd edition \49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Radium 228...................... Radiochemical..... 904.0, Rev. 1.0 7500-Ra D......... 7500-Ra D.
\62\.
Gamma Spectrometry .................. .................. 7500-Ra E......... .................. 7500-Ra E-07.
* * * * * * *
Radioactive Iodine.............. Radiochemical..... .................. 7500-I B, 7500-I 7500-I B, 7500-I D 3649-06.
C, 7500-I D. C, 7500-I D.
Gamma Ray .................. 7120.............. 7120.............. D 4785-08, -20. ..................
Spectrometry.
* * * * * * *
Tritium......................... Liquid .................. 7500-\3\ H B...... 7500-\3\ H B...... D 4107-08, -20
Scintillation.
Gamma Emitters.................. Gamma Ray .................. 7120, 7500-Cs B, 7120, 7500-Cs B, D 3649-06, D 4785- ..................
Spectrometry. 7500-I B. 7500-I B. 08, -20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SM 21st edition SM 22nd edition SM 23rd edition
Organism Methodology \1\ \28\ \49\ SM online \3\ Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Turbidity....................... Nephelometric 2130 B............ 2130 B............ 2130 B............ .................. Hach Method 8195,
Method. Rev. 3.0.\52\
Laser Nephelometry .................. .................. .................. .................. Mitchell
(on-line). M5271,\10\
Mitchell M5331,
Rev. 1.2,\42\
Lovibond PTV
6000.\46\
LED Nephelometry .................. .................. .................. .................. Mitchell
(on-line). M5331,\11\
Mitchell M5331,
Rev. 1.2 \42\,
Lovibond PTV
2000.\45\
LED Nephelometry .................. .................. .................. .................. AMI Turbiwell,\15\
(on-line). Lovibond PTV
1000.\44\
LED Nephelometry .................. .................. .................. .................. Orion AQ4500,\12\
(portable). Lovibond TB
3500,\64\
Lovibond TB
5000.\65\
Laser Nephelometry .................. .................. .................. .................. Lovibond TB 6000
(portable). \63\.
360[deg] .................. .................. .................. .................. Hach Method 10258,
Nephelometry. Rev. 1.0,\39\
Hach Method
10258, Rev.
2.0.\51\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
\1\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
* * * * * * *
\3\ Standard Methods Online are available at <a href="http://www.standardmethods.org">http://www.standardmethods.org</a>. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods
Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used.
\4\ Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or <a href="http://astm.org">http://astm.org</a>. The methods listed are the only
alternative versions that may be used.
* * * * * * *
\7\ Method ME355.01, Revision 1.0. ``Determination of Cyanide in Drinking Water by GC/MS Headspace,'' May 26, 2009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a> or
from James Eaton, H & E Testing Laboratory, 221 State Street, Augusta, ME 04333. (207) 287-2727.
* * * * * * *
\9\ EPA Method 524.3, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.''
June 2009. EPA 815-B-09-009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a>.
\10\ Mitchell Method M5271, Revision 1.1. ``Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry,'' March 5, 2009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a> or from
Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.
[[Page 50584]]
\11\ Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.1. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,'' March 5, 2009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a> or from
Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.
\12\ Orion Method AQ4500, Revision 1.0. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,'' May 8, 2009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a> or from
Thermo Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915, <a href="http://www.thermo.com">http://www.thermo.com</a>.
* * * * * * *
\14\ EPA Method 557. ``Determination of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS),'' September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-012. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a>.
\15\ AMI Turbiwell, ``Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Using a SWAN AMI Turbiwell Turbidimeter,'' August 2009. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a> or
from Markus Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
* * * * * * *
\18\ EPA Method 302.0. ``Determination of Bromate in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection,''
September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-014. Available at <a href="https://www.nemi.gov">https://www.nemi.gov</a>.
\19\ EPA 415.3, Revision 1.2. ``Determination of Total Organic Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water and Drinking Water,''
September 2009. EPA/600/R-09/122. Available at <a href="http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods">http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods</a>.
* * * * * * *
\24\ EPA Method 525.3. ``Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).'' February 2012. EPA/600/R-12/010. Available at <a href="http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods">http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods</a>.
\25\ EPA Method 536. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS).'' October 2007. EPA 815-B-07-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at
<a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\26\ EPA Method 523. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).''
February 2011. EPA 815-R-11-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\27\ EPA Method 1623.1. ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA,'' 2012. EPA-816-R-12-001. Available at the National Service Center
for Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\28\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
\29\ EPA Method 524.4, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry using Nitrogen Purge
Gas.'' May 2013. EPA 815-R-13-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\30\ Charm Sciences Inc. ``Fast Phage Test Procedure. Presence/Absence for Coliphage in Ground Water with Same Day Positive Prediction''. Version 009.
November 2012. 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, MA 01843. Available at <a href="http://www.charmsciences.com">www.charmsciences.com</a>.
* * * * * * *
\39\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity by 360[deg] Nephelometry,'' January 2016. Revision 1.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O.
Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539.
* * * * * * *
\42\ Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.2. ``Determination of Turbidity by LED or Laser Nephelometry,'' February 2016. Available from Leck Mitchell,
Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507.
* * * * * * *
\44\ Lovibond PTV 1000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity using a Lovibond PTV 1000 White Light LED Turbidimeter,'' December 2016.
Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\45\ Lovibond PTV 2000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 2000 660-nm LED Turbidimeter,'' December 2016.
Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\46\ Lovibond PTV 6000. ``Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 6000 Laser Turbidimeter,'' December 2016. Revision
1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\47\ Thermo Fisher. ``Thermo Fisher method 557.1: Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with
Suppressed Conductivity Detection,'' January 2017. Version 1.0. Available from Thermo Fisher Scientific, 490 Lakeside Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
(<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#db89b2b8b3baa9bff5b1bab8b09bafb3bea9b6b4bdb2a8b3bea9f5b8b4b6"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="cb99a2a8a3aab9afe5a1aaa8a08bbfa3aeb9a6a4ada2b8a3aeb9e5a8a4a6">[email protected]</span></a>).
* * * * * * *
\49\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edition (2017). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street
NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
\50\ EPA Method 900.0, Rev. 1.0. ``Determination of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta in Drinking Water,'' February 2018. EPA 815-B-18-002. Available at the
National Service Center for Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\51\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity by 360[deg] Nephelometry.'' March 2018. Revision 2.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box
389, Loveland, CO 80539.
\52\ Hach Company. ``Hach Method 8195--Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry.'' March 2018. Revision 3.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389,
Loveland, CO 80539.
* * * * * * *
\58\ ME 531, Version 1.0. ``Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Drinking Water by LC-MS/MS. September 2019. Maine Health
Environmental Testing Laboratory, 221 State Street, Augusta, ME 04330.
* * * * * * *
\62\ EPA Method 904.0, Rev. 1.0. ``Radium-228 in Drinking Water.'' March 2022. EPA 815-B-22-003. Available at the National Service Center for
Environmental Publications at <a href="https://www.epa.gov/nscep">https://www.epa.gov/nscep</a>.
\63\ Lovibond TB 6000. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond Portable Laser Turbidimeter.'' May 2021. Revision
1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\64\ Lovibond TB 3500. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond White Light LED Portable Turbidimeter.'' May
2021. Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
\65\ Lovibond TB 5000. ``Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity of a Captured Sample using a Lovibond 660-nm LED Portable Turbidimeter.'' May 2021.
Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243.
[FR Doc. 2022-17651 Filed 8-16-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
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This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.