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Proposed Rule2021-25667

Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Electric Motors

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Published

December 17, 2021

Issuing agencies

Energy Department

Abstract

The U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") proposes to amend the existing scope of the DOE test procedures consistent with related industry changes for nomenclature and test procedure developments (i.e., for air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors, electric motors greater than 500 horsepower, electric motors considered small, inverter-only electric motors, and synchronous electric motors); add test procedures, metric, and supporting definitions for additional electric motors covered under the proposed scope; and update references to industry standards to reference current versions. Furthermore, DOE proposes to adopt industry provisions related to the prescribed test conditions to further ensure the comparability of test. In addition, DOE proposes to update certain testing instructions to reduce manufacturer burden. Further, DOE proposes to amend the provisions pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented values for electric motors other than dedicated-purpose pool pump motors, apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure, and to move both provisions consistent with the location of other certification requirements for other covered products and equipment. Finally, DOE proposes to add provisions pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented values for dedicated-purpose pool pump motors. DOE is seeking comment from interested parties on the proposal.

Full Text

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<title>Federal Register, Volume 86 Issue 240 (Friday, December 17, 2021)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 240 (Friday, December 17, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 71710-71783]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2021-25667]

[[Page 71709]]

Vol. 86

Friday,

No. 240

December 17, 2021

Part II

Department of Energy

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10 CFR Parts 429 and 431

Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Electric Motors;
Proposed Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 86 , No. 240 / Friday, December 17, 2021 /
Proposed Rules

[[Page 71710]]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

10 CFR Parts 429 and 431

[EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011]
RIN 1904-AE62

Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Electric Motors

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to amend the
existing scope of the DOE test procedures consistent with related
industry changes for nomenclature and test procedure developments
(i.e., for air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors,
electric motors greater than 500 horsepower, electric motors considered
small, inverter-only electric motors, and synchronous electric motors);
add test procedures, metric, and supporting definitions for additional
electric motors covered under the proposed scope; and update references
to industry standards to reference current versions. Furthermore, DOE
proposes to adopt industry provisions related to the prescribed test
conditions to further ensure the comparability of test. In addition,
DOE proposes to update certain testing instructions to reduce
manufacturer burden. Further, DOE proposes to amend the provisions
pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented
values for electric motors other than dedicated-purpose pool pump
motors, apply these provisions to the additional electric motors
proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure, and to move
both provisions consistent with the location of other certification
requirements for other covered products and equipment. Finally, DOE
proposes to add provisions pertaining to certification testing and
determination of represented values for dedicated-purpose pool pump
motors. DOE is seeking comment from interested parties on the proposal.

DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposal no later than February 15, 2022. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details. DOE will hold a webinar on Tuesday,
January 25, 2022, from 12:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for webinar registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the capabilities available to
webinar participants.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a>. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons
may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011,
by any of the following methods:
(1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a>. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
(2) Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f2b79e9791bf9d869d8081c0c2c0c2a6a2c2c2c3c3b29797dc969d97dc959d84">[email&#160;protected]</a>. Include the docket
number EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011 or regulatory information number (``RIN'')
1904-AE62 in the subject line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (``faxes'') will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the
rulemaking process, see section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including postal mail and hand
delivery/courier, the Department has found it necessary to make
temporary modifications to the comment submission process in light of
the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. DOE is currently suspending receipt of
public comments via postal mail and hand delivery/courier. If a
commenter finds that this change poses an undue hardship, please
contact Appliance Standards Program staff at (202) 586-1445 to discuss
the need for alternative arrangements. Once the Covid-19 pandemic
health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates resuming all of its
regular options for public comment submission, including postal mail
and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a public meeting is held),
comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for
review at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a>. All documents in the docket are listed
in the <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a> index. However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011">www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011</a>. The docket web page contains
instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments,
in the docket. See section V for information on how to submit comments
through <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a>.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-9870. Email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#87c6f7f7ebeee6e9e4e2d4f3e6e9e3e6f5e3f4bbe6a7eff5e2e1ba" mailto:Questions@ee.doe.gov">[email&#160;protected]</a>">ApplianceStandards<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e6b7938395928f898895a68383c8828983c8818990">[email&#160;protected]</a></a>.
Mr. Michael Kido, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-8145. Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f4b99d979c959198dabf9d909bb49c85da909b91da939b82">[email&#160;protected]</a>.
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting (if
one is held), contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program
staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a0e1d0d0ccc9c1cec3c5f3d4c1cec4c1d2c4d39cc180c8d2c5c69d" mailto:Questions@ee.doe.gov">[email&#160;protected]</a>">ApplianceStandards<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5607233325223f3938251633337832393378313920">[email&#160;protected]</a></a>.
DOE has submitted the collection of information contained in the
proposed rule to OMB for review under the Paperwork Reduction Act, as
amended. (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)) Comments on the information collection
proposal shall be directed to the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attention: Sofie Miller, OIRA
Desk Officer by email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f2819d949b97dc97dc9f9b9e9e9780b29d9f90dc979d82dc959d84">[email&#160;protected]</a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to maintain a previously
approved incorporation by reference and to incorporate by reference the
following industry standards into part 431:
Canadian Standards Association (``CSA'') C390-10 (R2019), ``Test
methods, marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-
phase induction motors,'' March 2010.
CSA C747-09 (R2019), ``Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small
Motors'', October 2009.
Copies of CSA C390-10 (R2019) and CSA C747-09 (R2019) can be
obtained from Canadian Standards Association, Sales Department, 5060
Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, 1-800-
463-6727, or by visiting <a href="http://www.shopcsa.ca/onlinestore/welcome.asp">http://www.shopcsa.ca/onlinestore/welcome.asp</a>.
International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC'') 60034-12:2016,
Edition 3.0 2016-11, ``Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 12: Starting
Performance of Single-Speed Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors,''
Published November 23, 2016.
IEC 60079-7:2015, Edition 5.0 2015-06, ``Explosive atmospheres--
Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety ``e'','' Published
June 26, 2015.
IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014-06, Rotating electrical
machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for

[[Page 71711]]

determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for
traction vehicles).
IEC 61800-9-2:2017, ``Adjustable speed electrical power drive
systems--Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor starters,
power electronics and their driven applications--Energy efficiency
indicators for power drive systems and motor starters'', Edition 1.0,
March 2017.
Copies of IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC 60034-12:2016, IEC 60079-7:2015
and IEC 61800-9-2:2017 may be purchased from International
Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varemb[eacute], 1st floor, P.O.
Box 131, CH--1211 Geneva 20--Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or by
visiting <a href="https://webstore.iec.ch/home">https://webstore.iec.ch/home</a>.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (``IEEE'') 112-
2017, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and
Generators, approved December 6, 2017;
IEEE 114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction
Motors'', September 30, 2010.
Copies of IEEE 112-2017 and 114-2010 can be obtained from: IEEE,
445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (732) 981-
0060, or by visiting <a href="http://www.ieee.org">http://www.ieee.org</a>.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (``NEMA'') MG 1-2016,
``American National Standard for Motors and Generators, ANSI approved
June 1, 2018. (``NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements'').
Copies of NEMA MG 1-2016 may be purchased from National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900,
Arlington, Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or by visiting <a href="https://www.nema.org">https://www.nema.org</a>.
National Fire Protection Association (``NFPA'') 20, 2019 Edition,
``Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection,'' Approved by American National Standard on May 24, 2018.
(``NFPA 20-2019'').
See section IV.M for a further discussion of these standards.

Table of Contents

I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
1. ``E'' and ``Y'' Designations of IEC Design N and H Motors
2. Single-Speed AC Induction Motors
3. Air-Over Electric Motors
4. Submersible Electric Motors
5. AC Induction Electric Motors Greater Than 500 Horsepower
6. AC Induction Electric Motors Considered ``Small''
7. AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric Motors
8. Synchronous Electric Motors
9. Exemptions
10. Motor Used as a Component of a Covered Product or Equipment
B. Definitions
1. Updating IEC Design N and H Motors Definitions and Including
New Definitions for IEC Design N and H ``E'' and ``Y'' Designations
2. Updating Definitions to Reference NEMA MG1-2016 With 2018
Supplements
3. Inverter, Inverter-Only, and Inverter-Capable
4. Air-Over Electric Motors
5. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors
6. Basic Model and Equipment Class
C. Updates to Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by
Reference
1. IEC 60034-12
2. NFPA 20
3. CSA C390
4. NEMA MG1
D. Industry Standards To Incorporate By Reference
1. Test Procedures for Air-Over Electric Motors
2. Test Procedures for SNEMs
3. Test Procedures for AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric
Motors and Synchronous Electric Motors
E. Metric
F. Rated Output Power and Breakdown Torque of Electric Motors
G. Rated Values Specified for Testing
1. Rated Frequency
2. Rated Load
3. Rated Voltage
H. Temperature Rise Measurement Location
I. Submersible Electric Motors Testing
J. Vertical Electric Motors Testing
K. Contact Seals Requirement
L. Additional Testing Instructions for Additional Electric
Motors Proposed for Inclusion in the Scope of the Test Procedure
M. Transition to 10 CFR Part 429
N. Certification of Electric Motors
1. Independent Testing
2. Certification Process for Electric Motors
O. Determination of Represented Value
1. Nominal Full-Load Efficiency
2. Testing: Use of a Nationally Recognized Testing Program
3. Testing: Use of a Nationally Recognized Certification Program
4. Use of an AEDM
P. Certification, Sampling Plans, and AEDM Provisions for
Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Motors
Q. Reporting
R. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
S. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and
Regulations
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary

I. Authority and Background

Electric motors are included in the list of ``covered equipment''
for which DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation
standards and test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) DOE's energy
conservation standards and test procedures for electric motors are
currently prescribed at title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(``CFR'') part 431 section 25 and appendix B to subpart B of 10 CFR
part 431 (``Appendix B''), respectively. The following sections discuss
DOE's authority to establish test procedures for electric motors and
relevant background information regarding DOE's consideration of test
procedures for this equipment.

A. Authority

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part C \2\ of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, Title
IV, section441(a), established the Energy Conservation Program for
Certain Industrial Equipment (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317), which sets forth a
variety of

[[Page 71712]]

provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. This equipment
includes electric motors, the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6311(1)(A))
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\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1.
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The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316)
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)). Similarly, DOE must
use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies
with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers
of Federal preemption for particular State laws or regulations, in
accordance with the procedures and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a given type of covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and requires that test procedures not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) In addition, if
DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it must
publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an opportunity to
present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))
EPCA, pursuant to amendments made by the Energy Policy Act of 1992,
Public Law 102-486 (Oct. 24, 1992), specifies that the test procedures
for electric motors subject to standards are those specified in
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (``NEMA'') Standards
Publication MG1-1987 and Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (``IEEE'') Standard 112 Test Method B, as in effect on
October 24, 1992. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(5)(A)). If these test procedures
are amended, DOE must amend its test procedures to conform to such
amended test procedure requirements, unless DOE determines by rule,
published in the Federal Register and supported by clear and convincing
evidence, that to do so would not meet the statutory requirements
related to the test procedure representativeness and burden. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(5)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including electric
motors, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)) In addition, if the Secretary determines
that a test procedure amendment is warranted, the Secretary must
publish proposed test procedures in the Federal Register, and afford
interested persons an opportunity (of not less than 45 days' duration)
to present oral and written data, views, and arguments on the proposed
test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) If DOE determines that test
procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its
determination not to amend the test procedures.
DOE is publishing this NOPR in satisfaction of the requirements
specified in EPCA.

B. Background

DOE's existing test procedures for electric motors appear at
appendix B. DOE updated the test procedures for electric motors in
response to updates to NEMA MG-1 and IEEE 112 in a final rule published
May 4, 2012. 77 FR 26608 (``May 2012 Final Rule''). In the May 2012
Final Rule, DOE amended the test procedures to incorporate NEMA MG 1-
2009 ``American National Standard for Motors and Generators'' and IEEE
112-2011 ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors
and Generators''. Id. The May 2012 Final Rule also updated the test
procedure to reference the most current version of the Canadian
Standards Association (``CSA'') C390 ``Test methods, marking
requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-phase induction
motors,'' March 2010 (``CSA C390-10'').\3\ Id.
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\3\ DOE had previously determined that CSA Standard C390 is a
widely recognized alternative that is consistent with IEEE 112-1996.
64 FR 54114 (October 5, 1999).
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On December 13, 2013, DOE again amended its electric motor test
procedure by clarifying the test setup requirements for certain
electric motors. 78 FR 75962 (``December 2013 Final Rule''). Amendments
to EPCA made by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Pub.
L. 110-140; Dec. 19, 2007) and the American Energy Manufacturing
Technical Corrections Act (Pub. L. 112-210; Dec. 18, 2012) enabled DOE
to consider an expanded scope of electric motors for regulatory
coverage. 78 FR 75962, 75965. DOE determined that the motors covered by
the expanded scope could be tested using the testing methods provided
in IEEE 112 (Test Method B) and CSA C390-10 (both of which were already
incorporated as part of DOE's test procedure regulations) to accurately
measure their losses and determine their energy efficiency. Id.
However, some of these motors required additional testing set-up
instructions prior to testing, which DOE established in the December
2013 Final Rule.\4\ Id., see section 4 of appendix B.
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\4\ A 2011 version of NEMA MG 1 was released prior to the
publication of the December 2013 Final Rule. The updates from the
2009 version, however, did not affect the sections of NEMA MG-1
incorporated by reference in the DOE regulations. Subsequently, DOE
declined to incorporate by reference NEMA MG 1-2011. 78 FR 75962,
75963.
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On July 31, 2017, DOE published a request for information (``RFI'')
focused on the test procedures for small electric motors, which are
covered separately under 10 CFR part 431 subpart X. 82 FR 35468 (``July
2017 RFI''). The July 2017 RFI also identified issues pertaining to
electric motors and additional motors currently not subject to either
the small electric motor or electric motor test procedures. 82 FR
35468, 35470-35473.

[[Page 71713]]

DOE also requested comment on potentially establishing test procedures
for additional categories of motors currently not included in the test
procedures for small electric motors and electric motors. Id. DOE
received comments related to the scope in response to the July 2017 RFI
from the interested parties listed in Table I.1, which are addressed in
this document.\5\
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\5\ Comments related to potential scope expansion received in
response to the July 2017 RFI are identified by the Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047.

Table I.1--Scope-Related Written Comments Received in Response to the July 2017 RFI
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commenter(s) Reference in this NOPR Commenter type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Advanced Energy............... Advanced Energy....................... Independent Testing Laboratory.
Association of Home Appliance AHAM and AHRI......................... Industry Trade Associations.
Manufacturers and Air-
conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute.
Pacific Gas and Electric CA IOUs............................... Utilities.
Company (PG&E), San Diego Gas
and Electric (SDG&E), and
Southern California Edison
(SCE).
Detector Technology Inc....... Detech................................ Manufacturer.
American Council for an Energy- Joint Advocates....................... Efficiency Organizations.
efficient Economy, Appliance
Standards Awareness Project,
Northwest Power and
Conservation Council,
Northwest Energy Efficiency
Alliance.
Lennox International Inc...... Lennox................................ Manufacturer.
McMillan Electric Company..... McMillan Electric Company............. Manufacturer.
National Electrical NEMA.................................. Industry Trade Association.
Manufacturers Association.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subsequent to the July 2017 RFI, on April 23, 2019, DOE published a
test procedure notice of proposed rulemaking (``NOPR'') for small
electric motors and electric motors. 84 FR 17004 (``April 2019 NOPR'').
As it relates to electric motors, DOE proposed to (1) incorporate by
reference a revised test procedure for the measurement of energy
efficiency, the IEEE 112-2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for
Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators'' (``IEEE 112-2017''); and
(2) incorporate by reference an alternative test procedure for the
measurement of energy efficiency, the International Electrotechnical
Commission (``IEC'') 60034-2-1:2014, ``Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles)'' (``IEC 60034-2-1:2014''). 84 FR 17004, 17006, 17010-17014.
On January 4, 2021, DOE published the test procedure final rule for
small electric motors and electric motors. 86 FR 4 (``January 2021
Final Rule''). As it relates to electric motors, DOE amended the test
procedure to finalize the proposals from the April 2019 NOPR, including
the incorporation by reference of IEEE 112-2017 and IEC 60034-2-1:2014.
86 FR 4, 10, 11-13.
On June 3, 2020, DOE published an RFI pertaining to test procedures
for electric motors in response to updates to the applicable industry
testing standards and the 7-year look-back review required under EPCA.
85 FR 34111 (``June 2020 RFI''). DOE received comments in response to
the June 2020 RFI from the interested parties listed in Table I.2.

Table I.2--Written Comments Received in Response to the June 2020 RFI
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commenter(s) Reference in this NOPR Commenter type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appliance Standard Awareness Efficiency Advocates.................. Efficiency Organizations.
Project, American Council for
an Energy-Efficient Economy
and Natural Resources Defense
Council.
Advanced Energy............... Advanced Energy....................... Independent Testing Laboratory.
Pacific Gas and Electric CA IOUs............................... Utilities.
Company (PG&E), San Diego Gas
and Electric (SDG&E), and
Southern California Edison
(SCE).
Northwest Energy Efficiency NEEA and NWPCC........................ Efficiency Organizations.
Alliance (NEEA) and Northwest
Power and Conservation
Council (NWPCC).
National Electrical NEMA.................................. Industry Trade Association.
Manufacturers Association.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or
paraphrase provides the location of the item in the public record.\6\
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\6\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for electric motors. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-
0011, which is maintained at <a href="http://www.regulations.gov">www.regulations.gov</a>). The references
are arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number,
page of that document).
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On July 29, 2021, DOE published a final rule adopting a test
procedure for dedicated purpose pool pump motors (``DPPP motors''). 86
FR 40765. (``July 2021 Final Rule''). Specifically, the test procedure
requires manufacturers to use CSA C747-09 (R2014), ``Energy Efficiency
Test Methods for Small Motors'' for testing the full-load efficiency of
DPPP motors and did not establish any certification, sampling plans, or
Alternative Efficiency Determination Method (``AEDM'') requirements.
The test procedure is currently located in subpart Z of 10 CFR part
431.

II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

In this NOPR, DOE proposes the following updates to the test
procedure for electric motors:
(1) Update existing definitions for IEC Design N and H to reflect
updates in industry standard; specify the existing scope to reflect
updates in industry nomenclature, specifically for new industry motor
design designations IEC Design NE, HE, NEY and HEY, and include
corresponding definitions;
(2) Amend the definition of ``basic model'' to rely on the term
``equipment class'' and add a definition for ``equipment class'' to
make the electric motor provisions consistent with other DOE-regulated
products and equipment.
(3) Add test procedures, full-load efficiency metric, and
supporting

[[Page 71714]]

definitions for air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors,
electric motors greater than 500 horsepower, electric motors considered
small, inverter-only electric motors, and synchronous electric motor
technologies;
(4) Incorporate by reference the most recent versions of NEMA MG 1
(i.e., NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements) and CSA C390 (i.e., CSA
C390-10 (R2019)), as well as other referenced industry standards i.e.,
IEC 60034-12:2016, Edition 3.0 2016-11, ``Rotating Electrical Machines,
Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-Speed Three-Phase Cage
Induction Motors,'' (``IEC 60034-12:2016''); IEC 60079-7:2015, Edition
5.0 2015-06, ``Explosive atmospheres--Part 7: Equipment protection by
increased safety ``e'','' (``IEC 60079-7:2015''), which is referenced
within IEC 60034-12:2016 and is necessary for the test procedure; and
National Fire Protection Association (``NFPA'') 20-2019 ``Standard for
the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection '' (``NFPA 20-
2019'');
(5) Incorporate by reference additional industry test standards and
test instructions to support testing of the additional motors proposed
for inclusion in the test procedure scope: CSA C747-09 (R2019), IEEE
114-2010, and IEC 61800-9-2:2017;
(6) Provide additional detail in the test instructions for electric
motors by adding definitions for the terms ``breakdown torque,''
``rated frequency,'' ``rated output power,'' ``rated load,'' and
``rated voltage;''
(7) Update the testing instructions for vertical electric motors to
reduce manufacturer test burden;
(8) Explicitly provide that the current test procedure permits
removal of contact seals for immersible electric motors only;
(9) Require that testing be conducted in a nationally recognized
testing program and add a definition of ``independent'' for
certification of a new basic model pursuant to 10 CFR 431.36(e),
required on or after 180 days following the publication of this final
rule;
(10) Permitting the certification of electric motors using one of
three options: (i) A manufacturer can have the electric motor tested
using a nationally recognized testing program and then certify on its
own behalf or have a third party submit the manufacturer's
certification report; (ii) a manufacturer can test the electric motor
at a testing laboratory other than a nationally recognized testing
program and then have a nationally recognized certification program
certify the efficiency of the electric motor; or (iii) a manufacturer
can use an alternative efficiency determination method and then have a
third-party nationally recognized certification program certify the
efficiency of the electric motor. DOE proposes to require that the use
of these provisions be required for certification starting on the
compliance date for any new or amended standards for electric motors
published after January 1, 2021;
(11) Revise the provisions pertaining to the determination of
represented values and propose that these provisions be required on or
after the effective date of the final rule adopting new or amended
energy conservation standards for electric motors and apply these
provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in
the scope of the test procedure;
(12) Revise the provisions pertaining to alternative efficiency
determination methods (``AEDMs'') as applied to electric motors and
apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for
inclusion in the scope of the test procedure;
(13) Revise the procedures for recognition and withdrawal of
recognition of accreditation bodies and certification programs as
applied to electric motors and apply these provisions to the additional
electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test
procedure;
(14) Transition provisions pertaining to certification testing,
AEDM, and determination of represented values from 10 CFR part 431 to
10 CFR part 429; and
(15) Add provisions pertaining to certification testing and
determination of represented values for DPPP motors.
DOE's proposed actions are summarized in Table II.1 compared to the
current test procedure as well as the reason for the proposed change.

Table II.1--Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to
Current Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed test
Current DOE test procedure procedure Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applies to Design N and H Specifies the Update to industry
motors defined at 10 CFR existing scope to testing standard
431.12. reflect updates in IEC 60034-12.
industry
nomenclature,
specifically, new
motor design
designations IEC
Design HE, HY, HEY,
NE, NY and NEY, and
includes
corresponding
definitions.
Exempts air-over electric Proposes test Update to industry
motors. methods, full-load testing standard
efficiency metric, NEMA MG1 2016 with
and supporting 2018 Supplements
definitions for air- include a test
over electric method for air-over
motors. electric motors.
Exempts submersible electric Proposes test Update to industry
motors. methods, full-load testing standard
efficiency metric, NEMA MG1 2016 with
and supporting 2018 Supplements
definitions for include a test
submersible method for air-over
electric motors. electric motors,
which is applicable
to submersible
motors.
Includes electric motors Proposes test DOE proposal to
with a horsepower equal to methods and full- extend
or less than 500 hp. load efficiency applicability of
metric for electric the test procedure
motors with a to these electric
horsepower greater motors.
than 500 and equal
to or less than 750
hp.
Includes electric motors Proposes test DOE proposal to
with a horsepower equal to methods and full- extend
or greater than 1 hp. load efficiency applicability of
metric for electric the test procedure
motors considered to these electric
small (i.e., small motors.
non-small-electric-
motor electric
motors, or SNEMs).
Exempts inverter-only Proposes test New industry testing
electric motors. methods, full-load standard (IEC 61800-
efficiency metric, 9-2:2017).
and supporting
definitions for
inverter-only
electric motors.
Includes electric motors Propose test New developments in
that are induction motors methods, full-load motor technologies
only. efficiency metric, and new industry
and supporting testing standard
definitions for (IEC 61800-9-
certain synchronous 2:2017).
electric motors.
Incorporates by reference Incorporate by Updates to industry
NEMA MG 1-2009, CSA 390-10, reference the most testing standards
IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 recent versions of NEMA MG1, CSA 390,
2007-09, and NFPA 20-2010. NEMA MG 1 (i.e., IEC 60034-12 and
NEMA MG 1-2016 with NFPA 20-209.
2018 Supplements),
CSA 390 (i.e., CSA
C390-10 (R2019)),
as well as other
referenced industry
standards (i.e.,
IEC 60034-12
Edition 3.0 2016
and NFPA 20-2019).
In addition,
incorporates by
reference IEC 60079-
7:2015, which is
referenced within
IEC 60034-12:2016
and is necessary
for the test
procedure.
Incorporate by
reference
additional industry
test standards and
testing
instructions to
support testing of
the additional
motors proposed in
scope: CSA C747-09
(R2019), IEEE 114-
2010, and IEC 61800-
9-2:2017.

[[Page 71715]]

Specifies testing at rated Would provide Harmonizes with
frequency, rated load, and additional detail definitions from
rated voltage but does not in the test NEMA MG1 and
define these terms. instructions for improves the
electric motors by repeatability of
adding definitions the test procedure.
for the terms
``rated
frequency,''
``rated load,'' and
``rated voltage''.
Would also define
``breakdown
torque'' and
``rated output
power'' to support
the definition of
rated load.
Specifies one method of Update the vertical Suggestion by
connecting the dynamometer electric motor industry comments.
to vertical electric motors. testing
requirements to
allow alternative
methods for
connecting to the
dynamometer.
Specifies removal of contact Would explicitly Provide further
seals for testing require that shaft direction to
immersible electric motors. seals of any improve
variety remain reproducibility.
installed during
testing unless the
motor is an
immersible electric
motor.
Requires that testing be Would require that Statutory
conducted in an accredited testing be requirement at 42
laboratory and includes conducted in a U.S.C. 6316(c).
certification testing nationally
requirements in 10 CFR part recognized testing
431. program and add a
definition for
``independent'' for
certification of a
new basic model
pursuant to 10 CFR
431.36(e), required
starting 180 days
following the
publication of this
final rule. Moves
these provisions to
10 CFR part 429.
Allows a manufacturer to Would require Statutory
both test in its own certification of requirement at 42
laboratories and directly compliance using U.S.C. 6316(c).
submit the certification of one of three
compliance to DOE for its options: (1) A
own electric motors. manufacturer can
have the electric
motor tested using
an nationally
recognized testing
program and then
certify on its own
behalf or have a
third party submit
the manufacturer's
certification
report; (2) a
manufacturer can
test the electric
motor at a testing
laboratory other
than an nationally
recognized testing
program and then
have a nationally
recognized
certification
program certify the
efficiency of the
electric motor; or
(3) a manufacturer
can use an
alternative
efficiency
determination
method and then
have a third-party
nationally
recognized
certification
program certify the
efficiency of the
electric motor. DOE
proposes that these
provisions be
required on or
after the
compliance date for
any amended
standards for
electric motors
published after
January 1, 2021.
Includes provisions Revise the Align the
pertaining to the provisions determination of
determination of the pertaining to the the average and
represented value at 10 CFR determination of nominal full-load
431.17. the represented efficiency with the
values (i.e., definitions at 10
nominal full-load CFR 431.12.
efficiency and
average full-load
efficiency) and
proposes that these
provisions be
required on or
after the effective
date of the final
rule adopting new
or amended energy
conservation
standards for
electric motors.
Moves the
provisions to 10
CFR 429.64.
Proposes to apply
these provisions to
the additional
electric motors
proposed for
inclusion in the
scope of the test
procedure.
Includes AEDM provisions at Revise the Harmonizes the AEDM
10 CFR 431.17. provisions requirements with
pertaining to other covered
alternative equipment and
efficiency covered products at
determination 10 CFR 429.70.
methods (``AEDMs'')
as applied to
electric motors.
Proposes to apply
these provisions to
the additional
electric motors
proposed for
inclusion in the
scope of the test
procedure.
Includes provisions Revise the Transfer provisions
pertaining to nationally procedures for related to
recognized accreditation recognition and certification at 10
bodies and certification withdrawal of CFR part 429.
programs at 10 CFR 431.19, recognition of
431.20, and 431.21. accreditation
bodies and
certification
programs as applied
to electric motors.
Proposes to apply
these provisions to
the additional
electric motors
proposed for
inclusion in the
scope of the test
procedure.
Includes a definition of Amend the definition Align the definition
basic model that relies on of ``basic model'' of basic model with
the term ``rating''. to rely on the term other DOE-regulated
``equipment products and
class''. Adds a equipment and
definition for eliminate the
``equipment class''. ambiguity of the
term ``rating''.
Does not include any Adds certification, Aligns DPPP motor
certification, sampling sampling plans, and provisions with the
plans, and AEDM provisions AEDM provisions for provisions for
for DPPP Motors. DPPP Motors. electric motors
subject to the
requirements in
subpart B of 10 CFR
part 431.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments
described in section III of this NOPR would not alter the measured
efficiency of electric motors currently within the scope of the test
procedure until such time as amended energy conservation standards are
established for such electric motors. DOE notes that manufacturers of
electric motors for which DOE is proposing to include within the scope
of the test procedure would not be required to use the test procedure,
if made final, for Federal certification or labeling purposes, until
such time as energy conservation standards are established for such
electric motors. But, if manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and
private labelers choose to make any representations respecting the
energy consumption or cost of energy consumed by such motors, then such
voluntary representations must be made in accordance with the test
procedure and sampling requirements. Discussion of DOE's proposed
actions are addressed in detail in section III of this NOPR.
III. Discussion

A. Scope of Applicability

The term ``electric motor'' is defined as ``a machine that converts
electrical power into rotational mechanical power.'' 10 CFR 431.12.
Manufacturers are required to test those electric motors subject to
energy conservation standards according to the test procedure in
appendix B.\7\ (See generally 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(5)(A); see also the
introductory paragraph to 10 CFR part 431, subpart B, appendix B)
Currently, energy conservation standards apply to certain categories of
electric motors provided

[[Page 71716]]

that they meet the criteria specified at 10 CFR 431.25(g). These
categories of electric motors are NEMA Design A motors,\8\ NEMA Design
B motors,\9\ NEMA Design C motors,\10\ IEC Design N motors,\11\ IEC
Design H motors,\12\ and fire pump electric motors.\13\ See 10 CFR
431.25(h)-(j). The energy conservation standards apply to electric
motors within the identified categories only if they:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\7\ The amendments proposed in this NOPR do not address small
electric motors, which are covered separately under 10 CFR part 431,
subpart X. A small electric motor is ``a NEMA general purpose
alternating current single-speed induction motor, built in a two-
digit frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards
Publication MG1-1987, including IEC metric equivalent motors.'' 10
CFR 431.442.
\8\ ``NEMA Design A'' motor means a squirrel-cage motor that:
(1) Is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing
locked-rotor torque as shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.38.1
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15); (2) Has pull-up
torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph
12.40.1; (3) Has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in
NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.39.1; (4) Has a locked-rotor current
higher than the values shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.35.1
for 60 hertz and NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.35.2 for 50 hertz; and
(5) Has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with
fewer than 10 poles. 10 CFR 430.12.
\9\ ``NEMA Design B motor'' means a squirrel-cage motor that is:
(1) Designed to withstand full-voltage starting; (2) Develops
locked-rotor, breakdown, and pull-up torques adequate for general
application as specified in sections 12.38, 12.39 and 12.40 of NEMA
MG1-2009 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15); (3) Draws
locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in section
12.35.1 for 60 hertz and 12.35.2 for 50 hertz of NEMA MG1-2009; and
(4) Has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with
fewer than 10 poles. Id.
\10\ ``NEMA Design C'' motor means a squirrel-cage motor that:
(1) Is Designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing
locked-rotor torque for high-torque applications up to the values
shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.38.2 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.15); (2) Has pull-up torque not less than
the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.40.2; (3) Has
breakdown torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009,
paragraph 12.39.2; (4) Has a locked-rotor current not to exceed the
values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraphs 12.35.1 for 60 hertz and
12.35.2 for 50 hertz; and (5) Has a slip at rated load of less than
5 percent. Id.
\11\ IEC Design N motor means an electric motor that: (1) Is an
induction motor designed for use with three-phase power; (2)
Contains a cage rotor; (3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles; (5) Is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at
a frequency of 60 Hz; and (6) Conforms to sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3
of the IEC 60034-12 edition 2.1 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.15) requirements for torque characteristics, locked rotor
apparent power, and starting. Id.
\12\ IEC Design H motor means an electric motor that (1) Is an
induction motor designed for use with three-phase power; (2)
Contains a cage rotor; (3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting (4)
Has 4, 6, or 8 poles; (5) Is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a
frequency of 60 Hz; and (6) Conforms to sections 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3
of the IEC 60034-12 edition 2.1 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.15) requirements for starting torque, locked rotor
apparent power, and starting. Id.
\13\ ``Fire pump electric motor'' means an electric motor,
including any IEC-equivalent motor, that meets the requirements of
section 9.5 of NFPA 20. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) Are single-speed, induction motors;
(2) Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type
S1 (IEC)
(3) Contain a squirrel-cage (MG 1) or cage (IEC) rotor;
(4) Operate on polyphase alternating current 60-hertz (Hz)
sinusoidal line power;
(5) Are rated 600 volts or less;
(6) Have a 2-, 4-, 6-, or 8-pole configuration;
(7) Are built in a three-digit or four-digit NEMA frame size (or
IEC metric equivalent), including those designs between two consecutive
NEMA frame sizes (or IEC metric equivalent), or an enclosed 56 NEMA
frame size (or IEC metric equivalent);
(8) Produce at least one horsepower (hp) (0.746 kilowatt (kW)) but
not greater than 500 hp (373 kW), and
(9) Meet all of the performance requirements of one of the
following motor types: A NEMA Design A, B, or C motor or an IEC Design
N or H motor. 10 CFR 431.25(g).
DOE identified certain categories of motors that meet the
definition of ``electric motor'' but for which DOE determined the
referenced industry test procedures do not provide a standardized test
method for determining the energy efficiency. 78 FR 75962, 75975,
75987-75989 (Dec. 13, 2013). Motors that fall into this grouping are
not currently regulated by DOE and consist of the following categories:
<bullet> Air-over electric motors;
<bullet> Component sets of an electric motor;
<bullet> Liquid-cooled electric motors;
<bullet> Submersible electric motors; and
<bullet> Inverter-only electric motors. 10 CFR 431.25(l).
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to specify that certain equipment
that are designated with IEC Design letters are within the scope of the
current electric motors test procedure. Furthermore, DOE is proposing
to establish test procedure requirements for certain categories of
electric motors not currently subject to energy conservation standards.
These categories are (1) air-over electric motors; (2) submersible
electric motors; (3) certain electric motors greater than 500 hp; (4)
electric motors considered small; and (5) inverter-only electric
motors. Finally, DOE is also proposing to include within the scope of
the test procedure synchronous electric motor technologies.
As noted previously, manufacturers of electric motors for which DOE
is proposing to include within the scope of the test procedure, but
that are not currently subject to an energy conservation standard,
would not be required to use the test procedure, if made final, for
Federal certification or labeling purposes, until such time as energy
conservation standards are established for such electric motors.
However, if DOE were to establish test procedures for electric motors
not currently subject to an energy conservation standard, any voluntary
representations by manufacturers, distributors, retailers, or private
labelers about the energy consumption or cost of energy for these
motors must be based on the use of that test procedure beginning 180
days following publication of a final rule. DOE's rule would not
require manufacturers who do not currently make voluntary
representations to then begin making public representations of
efficiency. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) Manufacturers not currently making
representations would be required to test such motors in accordance
with the test procedure at such time as compliance is required with a
labeling or energy conservation standard requirement should such a
requirement be established. (42 U.S.C. 6315(b); 42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Each category of electric motor proposed for inclusion in the scope
of the test procedure is discussed in the following sections.
1. ``E'' and ``Y'' Designations of IEC Design N and H Motors
Currently regulated electric motors include those motors designated
as IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors. In the June 2020 RFI, DOE
noted that IEC 60034-12:2016 provides further designation using ``E''
to indicate that a motor meets a ``premium efficiency'' attribute. 85
FR 34111, 34114. For example, IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors that
meet a ``premium efficiency'' attribute are designated ``NE'' and
``HE''. DOE stated that the ``premium efficiency'' attribute generally
aligns with the current DOE standards prescribed at 10 CFR 431.25. Id.
As the ``E'' designation denotes premium efficiency performance of the
Design N and Design H electric motors, ``NE'' and ``HE'' motors are
equivalents to NEMA Design A and NEMA Design C motors, respectively,
and are currently within the scope of the test procedure. See 10 CFR
431.12 (defining the term ``NEMA Design A motor'' and ``NEMA Design C
motor'') and 10 CFR 431.25(g)-(i) and (l) (establishing the efficiency
standards related to NEMA Design A and NEMA Design C motors and their
applicable scope). DOE requested comment as to whether its
understanding of the new nomenclature is correct. Id.
In an energy conservation standards RFI published on May 21, 2020
(85 FR 30878; ``May 2020 RFI''), DOE discussed that the updated version
of IEC standard 60034-12 added new starting

[[Page 71717]]

specifications to the existing IEC motor designs that are designated by
the addition of ``Y'' (indicating a star-delta starter \14\). 85 FR
30878, 30881. As a result of these industry nomenclature updates, the
IEC Design N and IEC Design H motor designations are augmented with the
designations IEC Design NE, HE, NY, NEY, HY, and HEY. DOE stated that
all six additional categories are described as electric motors that are
variants of IEC Design N and IEC Design H electric motors that DOE
currently regulates, with the only differences being the premium
efficiency attribute (indicated by the letter ``E''), and starting
configuration (star-delta starter indicated by the letter ``Y''). For
induction motors, the starting configuration refers to the manner in
which the three-phase input terminals are connected to each other, and
the star configuration results in a lower line-to-line voltage than the
delta configuration. See sections 2.62 and 2.64 of NEMA MG 1-2016 with
2018 Supplements for further detail. Accordingly, DOE requested comment
as to whether these six IEC electric motor designs were equivalent to
NEMA Designs A, B or C, and if so, information and data to support such
a consideration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\14\ A ``star-delta starter'' refers to a reduced voltage
starter system arranged by connecting the supply with the primary
motor winding initially in star (wye) configuration, then
reconnected in delta configuration for running operation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Advanced Energy stated that IEC Design NE and HE motors are higher
efficiency motors than their standard counterparts (IEC Design N and
IEC Design H), and should be added to the regulatory definitions at 10
CFR 431.12 for clarity. (Advanced Energy, No. 4 at p. 2) NEMA stated
that Design NE and Design HE motor designations do not warrant special
treatment or the establishment of a separate product class or type.
(NEMA, No. 2 at p. 4) Responding to the May 2020 RFI, NEMA commented
that all six IEC designs are equivalent to NEMA Design A and C
``Premium'' efficient electric motor designs, and referenced a letter
it sent to DOE on March 26, 2018, which requested that DOE consider IEC
Design ``E'' motors. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-STD-0007, NEMA, No. 4 at
p. 2, 11)
Accordingly, DOE proposes to revise 10 CFR 431.25 to reflect the
inclusion of IEC Design NE, NEY, and NY motors as IEC Design N motors
and to make a similar set of revisions to reflect the inclusion of IEC
Design HE, HEY, and HY motors as IEC Design H motors. DOE clarifies
that to the extent IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors are subject to
the DOE regulations for electric motors, such coverage already includes
IEC Design NE, NY, NEY, HE, HY and HEY motors. DOE also proposes to
update the definitions for IEC Design N and H, and include new
definitions for the IEC Design N and H ``E'' and ``Y'' designations;
see section III.B.1for further discussion on proposed definitions.
DOE seeks comments on its proposed clarification of IEC Design NE,
NY, NEY, HE, HY and HEY motors as variants of IEC Design N and IEC
Design H motors, as applicable.
2. Single-Speed AC Induction Motors
CA IOUs commented that DOE should revisit the applicability of the
test procedures for ``single-speed AC motors,'' as specified in 10 CFR
431.25(g). (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 2) CA IOUs stated that IEC 60034-30-
1:2014 ``Rotating Electrical Machines--Part 30-1: Efficiency Classes Of
Line Operated AC Motors (IE Code)'' (``IEC 60034-30-1:2014'') includes
within its scope of ``single-speed AC motors'' electric motors that are
capable of operation both by frequency converter and direct-on-line, in
contrast to DOE's current scope of ``single-speed AC motors''. The CA
IOUs suggested that DOE revisit the current interpretation to mirror
that of the IEC standards. Id.
The existing test procedures for electric motors apply to electric
motors that, in part, operate on polyphase alternating current 60-hertz
sinusoidal power. 10 CFR 431.25(g)(4) This criterion includes motors
capable of operating directly connected to the power supply (i.e.,
``direct-on-line''). In addition, the definitions of IEC Design N and H
motors (which are within scope as specified in 10 CFR 431.25(g)) in 10
CFR 431.12 further specify that the electric motor is capable of
direct-on-line starting. Therefore, motors that are capable of direct-
on-line starting are already included within the current scope of DOE
regulations.
Inverters (also called controls or converters, see section III.B.3)
operate by changing the frequency and voltage of the power source to
which an electric motor is connected. Inverter-only electric motors are
currently exempt from the energy conservation standards.\15\ 10 CFR
431.25(l)(5). However, DOE does not exempt inverter-capable electric
motors that meet the scope criteria at 10 CFR 431.25(g); therefore,
electric motors that are inverter-capable are already included within
the current scope of DOE regulations. An ``inverter-capable electric
motor'' is defined as an electric motor designed to be directly
connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power, but that is also capable
of continuous operation on an inverter drive over a limited speed range
and associated load. 10 CFR 431.12. An inverter-capable electric motor
would be tested without the use of an inverter and would rely on the
set-ups used when testing a general purpose electric motor. 78 FR
75962, 75972.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\15\ ``Inverter-only electric motor'' means an electric motor
that is capable of rated operation solely with an inverter, and is
not intended for operation when directly connected to polyphase,
sinusoidal line power. 10 CFR 431.12.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to establish test procedures for
inverter-only electric motors, as described further in section III.A.7.
3. Air-Over Electric Motors
DOE defines an ``air-over electric motor'' as an electric motor
rated to operate in and be cooled by the airstream of a fan or blower
that is not supplied with the motor and whose primary purpose is
providing airflow to an application other than the motor driving it. 10
CFR 431.12. These motors are currently exempt from the energy
conservation standards. 10 CFR 431.25(l)(4). For air-over electric
motors, DOE previously determined there was insufficient information at
the time to support establishment of a test method. 78 FR 75962, 75974-
75975.
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE noted that since the publication of the
December 2013 Final Rule, NEMA had published a test standard for air-
over motors in Section IV, ``Performance Standards Applying to All
Machines'', Part 34 ``Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test Method'' of NEMA
MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements (``NEMA Air-over Motor Efficiency Test
Method'').\16\ 82 FR 35468, 35475. DOE also noted that section 8.2.1 of
IEEE 114-2010 ``Test Procedure for Single-phase Motors'' (``IEEE 114-
2010'') (and section 5 of CSA C747-09 (R2019) \17\ ``Energy Efficiency
Test Method for Small Motors'' (``CSA C747-09 (R2019)'') included
provisions for testing air-over motors. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\16\ The air-over method was originally published as part of the
2017 NEMA MG-1 Supplements and is also included in the latest
version of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements.
\17\ CSA C747-09 was re-affirmed in 2014 and in 2019 (i.e., no
changes were adopted). The July 2017 RFI referenced CSA C747-09
(R2014) which is equivalent to CSA C747-09 (R2019).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In response to the July 2017 RFI, NEMA commented that DOE should
not regulate air-over motors but instead regulate at the level of the
finished product. NEMA also generally commented in support of
maintaining all exemptions at 10 CFR 431.25(l) (Docket No. EERE-2017-
BT-TP-0047,

[[Page 71718]]

NEMA, No. 24 at pp. 6-7) Similarly, Lennox commented that it did not
support regulating air-over motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047,
Lennox, No. 22 at p. 3) The Joint Advocates supported including air-
over motors in the scope of the test procedure. The Joint Advocates
noted that some applications could use air-over or non-air-over motors
interchangeably, and that consumers would benefit from being able to
compare motor efficiency. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint
Advocates, No. 27 at p. 3)
In response to the June 2020 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that
NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements incorporates a test procedure for
air-over motors. (Advanced Energy, No. 4 at p. 2) The CA IOUs, NEEA,
NWPCC, and Efficiency Advocates recommended that DOE expand the scope
of the test procedure to include air-over electric motors. (CA IOUs,
No. 3 at p. 8-10; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 4; Efficiency Advocates,
No. 5 at p. 3) These interested parties commented that since the last
rulemaking, NEMA has published a test procedure for air-over electric
motors and that DOE should consider the NEMA test procedure as the
basis for the DOE test procedure. Id.
DOE reviewed NEMA MG1-2016, Part 34: Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test
Method, as well as section 8.2.1 of IEEE 114-2010 and section 5 of CSA
C747-09 (R2019), and has initially determined that sufficient
information is now available to propose a test method for air-over
electric motors. (See section III.D.1 for more details). Accordingly,
DOE proposes to include air-over electric motors in the scope of the
test procedure. See section III.B.4 for a discussion of the air-over
electric motor definition and section III.D.1 for further details on
the proposed test method. As noted, were DOE to include air-over
electric motors within the scope of the test procedure, such electric
motors would not be required to be tested using that test procedure
until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for
air-over electric motors. If manufacturers voluntarily choose to make
representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of
such electric motors, however, they would be required to test according
to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add air-over electric
motors to the scope of the test procedure. To the extent available, DOE
requests that comments be accompanied by supporting information and
data.
4. Submersible Electric Motors
DOE defines a ``submersible electric motor'' as an electric motor
that: (1) Is intended to operate continuously only while submerged in
liquid; (2) is capable of operation while submerged in liquid for an
indefinite period of time; and (3) has been sealed to prevent ingress
of liquid from contacting the motor's internal parts. 10 CFR 431.12.
These motors are currently exempt from the energy conservation
standards. 10 CFR 431.25(l)(4). DOE previously did not adopt test
procedures for submersible electric motors because no industry test
procedures or potential modifications to the Federal test procedures
could be used to consistently test (and reliably measure) a motor that
relies on submersion in liquid for continuous duty operation. 78 FR
75962, 75988.
CA IOUs and Efficiency Advocates recommended that DOE expand the
scope of the test procedures to include submersible electric motors,
and develop a test procedure for such motors (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 8-
10; Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 3) The CA IOUs commented that a
similar procedure as the industry air-over test procedure could be used
to test submersible motors because for both motors, cooling is provided
by the material surrounding the motor (e.g., air or water). (CA IOUs,
No. 3 at p. 9) CA IOUs stated that submersible motors are a large
portion of the motor market with significant energy savings potential
\18\ and that many submersible pumps already offer NEMA Premium
Efficiency motors with the pump. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 10) The
Efficiency Advocates stated that the marketing of NEMA Premium
Efficiency motors for submersible applications suggests that these
motors could be tested with current test procedures. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 5 at p. 3) In response to the July 2017 RFI, Advanced
Energy commented that it does not support regulating motors that are
typically manufactured for highly specialized applications, including
submersible motors, to the extent that their exemption would not create
inconsistency in the regulations. Advanced Energy also stated that
submersible motors should be treated similarly to other categories of
covered electric motors for which test procedures are available, such
as totally-enclosed non-ventilated (``TENV'') electric motors \19\ and
air-over electric motors, and that exempting submersible electric
motors would not be justified if DOE were to propose establishing test
procedures for air-over motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047,
Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 6)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\18\ CA IOUs suggested that submersible electric motors are
present in both residential and non-residential settings: In a
residential scenario, well pumps (which account for 23 percent of
residential pumping energy) include submersible pumps and motors; in
non-residential scenarios, submersible pumps and motors are used in
potable water supply, drain water runoff, and wastewater and sewage
applications, among other applications. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 9)
\19\ TENV electric motors are ``built in a frame-surface cooled,
totally enclosed configuration that is designed and equipped to be
cooled only by free convection.'' 10 CFR 431.12.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE determined at the time that no
industry test procedures or potential modifications to the procedures
then currently under 10 CFR 431.16 could be used to consistently test
(and reliably measure the efficiency of) a motor that relies on
submersion in liquid for continuous duty operation. 78 FR 75962, 75988.
In addition, DOE confirmed that there were no testing facilities that
were capable of testing a motor submerged in water. Id.
The primary concern in developing a test procedure for submersible
electric motors is how to cool the motor to ensure it does not overheat
during the load test. Since the December 2013 Final Rule, NEMA has
published a test procedure for air-over motors (NEMA MG1-2016, Part 34:
Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test Method). (See section III.D.1 for more
details.) As discussed previously, air-over electric motors need to be
cooled by the airstream of an external fan or blower to operate
continuously at full load. Section 34.4 and Section 34.5 of NEMA MG1-
2016 with the 2018 Supplements provide specifications to test air-over
electric motors with and without the use of an external blower to cool
the motor. DOE has initially determined that these test methods could
be adapted as a test method for submersible electric motors either by
using an external blower to cool the motor or without the need to
submerge the motor in a liquid during testing to cool the motor. (See
section III.I for more details). Accordingly, DOE proposes to specify
test procedure provisions for submersible electric motors. As noted,
were DOE to include submersible electric motors within the scope of the
test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to test
according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes
energy conservation standards for submersible electric motors. If
manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy
consumption or cost of energy of such

[[Page 71719]]

electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to
the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add submersible electric
motors to the scope of the test procedure.
5. AC Induction Electric Motors Greater Than 500 Horsepower
DOE currently specifies that the conservation standards for
electric motors, and therefore the test procedures, are not applicable
to motors that produce greater than 500 horsepower (373 kW). 10 CFR
431.25(g)(8); Appendix B, Note. Efficiency Advocates suggested that DOE
extend its test procedure scope to motors with higher horsepower
ratings (i.e., greater than 500 hp). (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p.
2)
In an energy conservation standards final rule published May 29,
2014 (``May 2014 Final Rule''), DOE stated that it may consider
expanding the scope of its regulations to large motors in future
updates to the rulemaking. 79 FR 30934, 30946. Based on a review of
catalog offerings, DOE identified large induction motors rated up to
750 hp currently being sold in the market, and the majority of the
models identified listed full load efficiencies even though DOE
currently does not regulate electric motors greater than 500 hp. Based
on discussions with a subject matter expert, DOE understands that most
of these large motors rely on the alternative efficiency determination
method (``AEDM'') permitted under 10 CFR 431.17 to determine full load
efficiencies for regulated electric motors at and under 500 hp.\20\ In
addition, the current industry test procedures incorporated by
reference in section 2 of appendix B do not apply an upper horsepower
limit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\20\ An AEDM may be used to determine the average full load
efficiency of one or more of a manufacturer's basic models if the
average full load efficiency of at least five of its other basic
models is determined through testing. 10 CFR 431.17(a)(1). An AEDM
applied to a basic model must be: (i) Derived from a mathematical
model that represents the mechanical and electrical characteristics
of that basic model, and (ii) based on engineering or statistical
analysis, computer simulation or modeling, or other analytic
evaluation of performance data. 10 CFR 431.17(a)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Accordingly, DOE proposes to expand the scope of the test procedure
to include induction electric motors with a horsepower rating greater
than 500 hp and up to 750 hp that otherwise meet the criteria provided
in 10 CFR 431.25(g) and are not currently listed at 10 CFR
431.25(l)(2)-(4). As discussed previously, DOE's review of the market
identified 750 hp as the upper limit for commercially available AC
induction electric motors. Furthermore, as noted, were DOE to include
the higher horsepower induction electric motors within the scope of the
test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested
according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes
energy conservation standards for these electric motors. If
manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy
consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they
would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and
sampling requirements.
DOE is also proposing test procedure provisions for certain non-
induction motor topologies under a new category of ``synchronous
electric motors,'' as discussed in section III.A.8 of this document.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add electric motors
greater than 500 hp (and up to 750 hp) that meet the criteria provided
in 10 CFR 431.25(g) (except (8)) and are not listed at 10 CFR
431.25(l)(2)-(4) to the scope of the test procedure. DOE requests
comment and supporting information on whether an upper limit of 750 hp
is appropriate for the proposed expanded scope of motors greater than
500 hp--and if not, why not.
6. AC Induction Electric Motors Considered ``Small''
As discussed, this NOPR addresses motors that are defined as
``electric motors'' at 10 CFR 431.12. Also as noted, DOE separately
regulates ``small electric motors.'' See 10 CFR part 431 subpart X. A
``small electric motor'' is a NEMA general purpose AC single-speed
induction motor, built in a two-digit frame number series in accordance
with NEMA Standards Publication MG1-1987, including IEC metric
equivalent motors. 10 CFR 431.442. This section addresses electric
motors that are not small electric motors as that term is defined in 10
CFR part 431, subpart X, but that are generally considered small by
industry (i.e., ``small, non-small-electric-motor electric motor, or
SNEM''). In this section, DOE specifically discusses SNEMs that are
induction motors. Non-induction motor topologies (specifically certain
synchronous electric motors) are discussed in section III.A.8 of this
document.
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether DOE should
consider establishing test procedures for SNEMs, as they are not
currently subject to either the small electric motor or electric motor
test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35470. SNEMs may have similarities to
motors that are currently regulated as small electric motors (such as
horsepower) and may be used in similar applications. Accordingly,
establishing test procedures for these motors would allow for
standardized representations of efficiency of all motors used for
similar functions. Table III.1 lists the SNEM motor configurations that
DOE requested comment on in the July 2017 RFI. Id

Table III.1--SNEMs Under Consideration in the July 2017 RFI
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase count Horsepower Frame size
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single.......................... >=0.125 hp and All.
<=15 hp.
Polyphase....................... >=0.125 hp and <=5 * 2-digit.
hp.
Polyphase....................... <1 hp............. All.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Polyphase enclosed motors >= 1 hp of the 56-frame size are not under
consideration for revised test procedures, as certain enclosed 56-
frame size polyphase motors were considered in the May 2014 Final
Rule, and are regulated at 10 CFR 431.25.

DOE also presented a list of topologies that could be considered as
part of this rulemaking: Permanent-split capacitor, polyphase
induction, squirrel cage, capacitor-start, reluctance synchronous (also
known as synchronous reluctance); shaded-pole; permanent magnet (or
permanent magnet synchronous); line-start permanent magnet; switched
reluctance; split-phase; and electronically commutated motors. 82 FR
35468, 35471. As previously mentioned, this section discusses only
induction electric motors (direct-on-line, inverter-capable, or
inverter-only). Non-induction motor topologies--including synchronous
reluctance, permanent magnet, line-start permanent

[[Page 71720]]

magnet, switched reluctance, and electronically commutated motor) are
discussed in section III.A.8 of this document.
In response to the July 2017 RFI, the CA IOUs supported
establishing test procedures for additional categories of SNEMs.
(Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, CA IOUs, No. 26 at p. 2). The Joint
Advocates supported establishing test procedures for SNEMs as
considered in the July 2017 RFI and with a focus on the topologies as
identified in the July 2017 RFI (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint
Advocates, No. 27 at pp. 2-3) Advanced Energy commented in support of
including all topologies listed in the July 2017 RFI. (Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 4) NEMA commented that
DOE should not consider test procedures for additional motor topologies
for which DOE test procedures do not currently exist. (Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 6)
Although DOE did not discuss the potential of including additional
categories of electric motors within the scope of regulated electric
motors in the June 2020 RFI, several interested parties addressed the
issue of scope in their responses to the June 2020 RFI. The Efficiency
Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC commented that DOE should expand its scope
of coverage and establish test procedures for SNEMs as identified in
the July 2017 RFI. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2; NEEA and
NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 3) Efficiency Advocates suggested that DOE rely on
its authority to regulate ``other motors'' and consider test procedures
for SNEMs. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2)
NEEA and NWPCC commented that these ``small'' motors are installed
in the same application as regulated motors and should be included in
scope to allow for fair comparison across motor types and to provide
consumers the information necessary to make an informed decision. (NEEA
and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 3) In addition, both the Efficiency Advocates
and NEEA and NWPCC further commented that DOE should expand its test
procedure scope to other small motor topologies presented in the July
2017 RFI, including permanent-split capacitor, shaded pole and split
phase. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at
p. 2)
AHAM and AHRI opposed the development of test procedures, energy
conservation standards, and/or certification requirements for any
additional categories of small electric motors or electric motors that
are component parts, and supported a finished-product approach to
energy efficiency regulation. AHAM and AHRI commented that setting such
standards could push finished product manufacturers to purchase more
expensive motors and increase the cost of appliances and equipment,
while not necessarily improving the energy performance of the finished
product. AHAM and AHRI asserted that requiring finished product
manufacturers to certify compliance with standards for component parts,
including the testing, paperwork, and record-keeping requirements that
accompany certification would significantly increase burden on
manufacturers. AHAM and AHRI also asserted that more efficient motors
within a particular topology are likely to be larger and heavier, that
home appliances and HVACR equipment have space constraints preventing
manufacturers from using larger motors, and that heavier or larger
appliances would decrease consumer utility. (AHAM and AHRI, No. 21 at
p. 2)
DOE is proposing to include test procedures for additional electric
motors not covered under the current electric motors test procedure and
that do not meet the definition of small electric motors in 10 CFR part
431, subpart X, but are nonetheless considered ``small'', i.e., SNEMs.
EPCA provides that ``other motors'' may be classified as covered
equipment by the Secretary of Energy if the Secretary determines that
such classification is necessary to carry out the purpose of the Energy
Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment i.e., necessary
to improve the efficiency of electric motors and pumps and certain
other industrial equipment in order to conserve the energy resources of
the Nation. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(L) and (2)(B)(xiii); 42 U.S.C. 6312(b)).
However, in this NOPR, DOE is proposing to cover motors considered
``small'' by the industry under its ``electric motors'' authority (42
U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)).
As discussed in the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE believes that EPCA, as
amended through EISA 2007, provides sufficient statutory authority for
the regulation of such motors. 77 FR 26608, 26612--26613. Before the
enactment of EISA 2007, EPCA defined the term ``electric motor'' as any
motor that is a general purpose T-frame, single-speed, foot-mounting,
polyphase squirrel-cage induction motor of the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, Design A and B, continuous rated, operating
on 230/460 volts and constant 60 Hertz line power as defined in NEMA
Standards Publication MG1-1987. (See 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(A) (2006))
Section 313(a)(2) of EISA 2007 removed that definition and the prior
limits that narrowly defined what types of motors would be considered
as electric motors, and instead inserted a new ``Electric motors''
heading, and created two new subtypes of electric motors: General
purpose electric motor (subtype I) and general purpose electric motor
(subtype II). (42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(A)-(B)(2011)) In addition, section
313(b)(2) of EISA 2007 established energy conservation standards for
four types of electric motors: General purpose electric motors (subtype
I) (i.e., subtype I motors) with a power rating of 1 to 200 horsepower;
fire pump motors; general purpose electric motor (subtype II) (i.e.,
subtype II motors) with a power rating of 1 to 200 horsepower; and NEMA
Design B, general purpose electric motors with a power rating of more
than 200 horsepower, but less than or equal to 500 horsepower. (42
U.S.C. 6313(b)(2)) The term ``electric motor'' (which frequently
appears throughout EPCA, as amended by EISA 2007, and various subparts
of 10 CFR part 431) was left undefined.
As described in the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE believed that a
definition for ``electric motor'' was necessary, and therefore adopted
the broad definition of ``electric motor'' currently found in 10 CFR
431.12. At this time, while the definition covers a large set of
motors, only those for which energy conservation standards have been
set are currently within the scope of the test procedures--i.e.,
electric motors that meet the criteria specified at 10 CFR 431.25(g)
and with the exemptions listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l). These categories of
polyphase electric motors between 1 and 500 hp are NEMA Design A
motors, NEMA Design B motors, NEMA Design C motors, IEC Design N
motors, IEC Design H motors, and fire pump electric motors. In the May
2012 Final Rule, DOE noted that this approach would allow DOE to fill
the definitional gap created by the EISA 2007 amendments while
providing DOE with the flexibility to set energy conservation standards
for other types of electric motors without having to continuously
update the definition of ``electric motors'' each time DOE sets energy
conservation standards for a new subset of electric motors.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to establish test procedures for SNEMs.
These motors have similarities to motors that are currently regulated
as small electric motors at 10 CFR part 431 subpart X and electric
motors at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B. However, DOE proposes to
distinguish SNEMs by

[[Page 71721]]

specifying combinations of frame sizes, rated motor horsepower,
enclosure construction, and additional performance criteria that are
not currently included in the existing electric motors and small
electric motors regulations at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X
(See Table III.4 and Table III-3)). DOE notes that SNEMs are highly
prevalent in the market and are used in similar applications as small
electric motors regulated under 10 CFR part 431, subpart X.
Accordingly, should DOE establish energy conservation standards for
SNEMs in the future, establishing test procedures for these motors
would allow for standardized representations of efficiency of all
motors used for similar functions. Further, DOE proposes that existing
industry test standards can be applicable to these SNEMs (see section
III.D.2). To the extent DOE were to establish test procedures for a
SNEMs prior to the establishment of an energy conservation standard,
SNEM manufacturers would not be required to use the test procedure for
certification or labeling purposes, until such time as a standard is
established. However, any voluntary representations by manufacturers,
distributors, retailers, or private labelers about the energy
consumption or cost of energy for these motors must be based on the use
of that test procedure beginning 180 days following publication of a
final rule. DOE's proposal would not require manufacturers who do not
currently make voluntary representations to then begin making public
representations of efficiency. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) Manufacturers
would be required to test such motors in accordance with the DOE test
procedure at such time as compliance is required with a labeling or
energy conservation standard requirement should such a requirement be
established. (42 U.S.C. 6315(b); 42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
The following sections discuss each criteria DOE considered for
describing the additional SNEMs that DOE proposes to include in the
test procedures, as well as justifications. Additionally, exemptions
for certain other motors are discussed in section III.A.9.

Table III-2--Description of Single Phase Induction Motors Currently
Subject to Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEMA frame size
---------------------------------------
Motor enclosure construction 2-digit NEMA frame 3-digit NEMA frame
size size or above
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Open............................ NEMA general None.
purpose capacitor-
start induction
run, capacitor-
start capacitor
run motors
between 0.25 and
3 hp.
Enclosed........................ None.............. None.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: This table provides a high-level description. Full description of
motors currently subject to energy conservation standards and test
procedures available at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X.

Table III-3--Description of Polyphase Phase Induction Motors Currently
Subject to Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEMA frame size
---------------------------------------
Motor enclosure construction 2-digit NEMA frame 3-digit NEMA frame
size size or above
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Open............................ None.............. Between 1-500 hp.
Enclosed........................ NEMA 56-frame size Between 1-500 hp.
only between 1--
500 hp.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: This table provides a high-level description. Full description of
motors currently subject to energy conservation standards and test
procedures in available at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X.

DOE addresses the regulation of electric motors that are component
parts in section III.A.10. Furthermore, section III.D.2 provides
description of applicable industry standards that provide for the
testing of the electric motors that would be subject to the provisions
proposed in this NOPR.
DOE proposes to include test procedure provisions for SNEMs, which
are described by the criteria listed in Table III.4. These criteria
would be specified as a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B,
titled ``Definitions.'' As noted, were DOE to include SNEMs within the
scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required
to be tested according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE
establishes energy conservation standards for SNEMs. If manufacturers
voluntarily make representations regarding the energy consumption or
cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they would be required
to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

Table III.4--SNEMs Proposed in Scope
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Criteria number Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................ Are not small electric motors, as
defined at 10 CFR 431.442 and are
not dedicated pool pump motors as
defined at 10 CFR 431.483.
2................................ Are single-speed induction motors.
3................................ Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1)
operation or for duty type S1 (IEC).
4................................ Capable of operating on polyphase or
single-phase alternating current 60-
hertz (Hz) sinusoidal line power
(with or without an inverter).
5................................ Are rated for 600 volts or less.

[[Page 71722]]

6................................ Are built in the following frame
sizes:
1. Any frame sizes if the motor
operates on single-phase power;
2. Any frame size if the motor
operates on polyphase power, and has
a rated motor horspower less than 1
horsepower (0.75 kW)
3. A two-digit NEMA frame size (or
IEC metric equivalent), if the motor
operates on polyphase power, has a
rated motor horspower equal to or
greater than 1 horsepower (0.75 kW),
and is not an enclosed 56 NEMA frame
size (or IEC metric equivalent).
7................................ Produce a rated motor horsepower
greater than or equal to 0.25
horsepower (0.18 kW).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE requests comments on the proposal to include SNEMs, as
specified in Table III.4, within the scope of the test procedure.
Specifically, DOE requests feedback on each individual criteria listed
in Table III.4. To the extent that these criteria should be revised,
DOE seeks supporting information and justification for those revisions.
a. Single Speed
Motors can have different speed capabilities, including single,
multi, or (continuously) variable speeds. Variable and multi-speed
motors can be tested with existing industry standards at a variety of
operating points, but no single metric currently exists to quantify the
performance of a variable or multi-speed motor. Variable or multi-speed
capability provides the ability to save energy by more closely matching
motor output to a varying load. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it was
considering whether to consider all speed capabilities in setting any
potential new test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35472. As it relates to
those ``SNEMs'' that DOE is proposing to cover under its test
procedure, DOE is considering aligning its approach with the existing
regulations for small electric motors and electric motors and include
only single-speed ``SNEMs'' that are induction motors, and would not
include AC induction multi-speed electric motors in the scope of the
test procedure. Synchronous electric motors with variable-speed
capability (at 0.25 hp and above) and comments received on this topic
are discussed in section III.A.8 of this document. AC induction
inverter-only electric motors that are variable speed are discussed in
section III.A.7 of this document.
b. Duty Rating
Motors can be described by their duty type, using either NEMA or
IEC nomenclature. Duty type describes the operating profile the motor
is designed to handle. For example, a continuous duty motor can operate
for long periods of time at a steady load, whereas intermittent-duty
motors are operated non-continuously for shorter periods of time (i.e.,
intermittently, or cyclically), and thus accumulate significantly fewer
annual operating hours. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated that it was
considered analyzing only continuous duty small motors for inclusion in
the scope of the test procedure. 82 FR 35468, 35472.
In response to the July 2017 RFI, the Joint Advocates supported a
focus on continuous duty motors (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint
Advocates, No. 27 at p. 2) Advanced Energy commented that intermittent
duty motors could be considered for inclusion in the scope of the test
procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at
p. 3)
For continuous duty motors, NEMA MG 1-2016 defines a continuous
rating as ``the load which can be carried for an indefinitely long
period of time.'' See Paragraph 1.40.1. of NEMA MG 1-2016. Similarly,
IEC 60034-1 describes an S1 duty rating in section 5.2.1 as ``A rating
at which the machine may be operated for an unlimited period, while
complying with the requirements of this standard.'' DOE considers these
continuous duty ratings to be equivalent to each other. As described in
the July 2017 RFI, DOE limited its consideration to continuous duty
motors because they represent more operating hours and potential energy
savings in comparison to non-continuous duty motors. 82 FR 35468,
35472. Electric motors and small electric motors currently subject to
the test procedures and energy conservation standards in 10 CFR part
431 subpart B and subpart X are rated for continuous duty. Consistent
with the electric motors currently within the scope of the DOE test
procedure, DOE proposes to add only those ``SNEMs'' rated for
continuous duty, as these motors may be used in similar applications to
their electric motor counterparts. These criteria would be reflected in
a new definition in section 1.2 by specifying motors that are rated for
continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type S1 (IEC).
c. Current Waveform
A motor can be designed to operate with an alternating current (AC)
or direct current (DC) waveform. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it
was considering whether to analyze motors that operate while connected
directly to an external DC power supply. 82 FR 35468, 35473.
Motors that connect directly to an external DC power source are
primarily used in less common, specialty applications that are not
served by AC motors (e.g., applications requiring precise motion
control or reversibility).\21\ DOE research indicates that these motors
have a low market share.\22\ Electric motors currently subject to test
procedures and energy conservation standards at 10 CFR part 431 subpart
B are supplied by AC sinusoidal line power. DOE proposes to limit the
scope of applicability of this test procedure to SNEMs that operate on
AC sinusoidal line power (with or without an inverter). DOE notes that
these motors include direct-on-line, inverter-capable, and inverter-
only electric motors. The specification of AC sinusoidal line power
would be reflected in a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B.
Motors that are inverter-only are further discussed in section III.A.7
of this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\21\ DOE notes that DC motors that operate while connected
directly to an external DC power supply are different from more
common motors that operate using a DC waveform that is supplied by a
power converter placed between the motor and an external AC power
source (e.g. as in an electronically commutated motor). Comments
related to electronically communicated motors are discussed in
section III.A.8.
\22\ DOE reviewed information on the market share of DC motors
for motors above 1 horsepower from the following market report:
``Low Voltage Motors, World Market report 2019'' November 2019 IHS
Markit. DOE notes that this report did not include information
related to motors below 1 horsepower.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

d. Input Frequency
AC motors are designed to operate at a particular frequency. In the
United States, AC power is delivered at 60 Hz. In the July 2017 RFI,
DOE discussed analyzing motors designed to operate with a sinusoidal
input frequency of 60

[[Page 71723]]

Hz, but that may also be designed to operate at different frequencies.
For example, some motors are marketed as being capable of operating at
either 50 or 60 Hz, and are therefore designed to work while connected
to line power in different regions (e.g., Europe and North America). 82
FR 35468, 35473.
In response, Advanced Energy commented that 50 Hz motors could be
connected to 60 Hz power supplies and therefore the scope of test
procedures applicable to ``small motors'' should consider 50 Hz motors
as well. Advanced Energy noted that NEMA MG1 included efficiency tables
for 50 Hz motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy,
No. 25 at p. 3).
EPCA authorizes DOE to establish test procedures and energy
conservation standards for covered equipment distributed in commerce
within the United States. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6302(a); see
also 42 U.S.C. 6300; 42 U.S.C. 6301) Within the United States,
electricity is supplied at 60 Hz. Therefore, DOE proposes to limit the
scope of applicability of this test procedure to SNEMs capable of
operating using 60 Hz input power, including motors marketed as being
capable of operating at frequencies in addition to 60 Hz (e.g., motors
designed to operate at either 60 or 50 Hz). In the January 2021 Final
Rule, DOE also established the definition of rated frequency as ``60
Hz'' for small electric motors in 10 CFR 431.442. 86 FR 4, 14. Further,
DOE is proposing to define rated frequency for electric motors
similarly, as discussed in section III.G.1 of this document. Finally,
the specification of 60 Hz would be reflected as a new definition in
section 1.2 of appendix B.
e. Frame Size
Motors can be built in different frame sizes, which most commonly
characterizes the distance between the centerline of the shaft and the
bottom of the mounting feet, but can also describe a motor's axial
length. Typically, as rated motor horsepower increases with a general
motor design, so does frame size. NEMA frame sizes are described in 2-,
3-, and 4-digit naming conventions. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE indicated
that it was considering not using frame size to describe motors under
consideration for standards, other than to avoid overlap with other
existing electric motor regulations in 10 CFR part 431 subpart B. 82 FR
35468, 35473.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to differentiate the additional SNEMs
proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedures from
electric motors currently subject to test procedures at 10 CFR part 431
subpart B and from small electric motors currently subject to test
procedures at 10 CFR part 431 subpart X by specifying combinations of
frame sizes, rated motor horsepower, and enclosure construction that
are not currently included in the existing electric motors and small
electric motors regulations.
Subpart B of 10 CFR part 431 subjects certain NEMA 56-frame
polyphase electric motors of enclosed construction and certain 3-digit
or 4-digit polyphase electric motors to the test procedures, and
currently does not cover two groups of motors: (1) Those motors with a
rated motor horsepower less than one and; (2) polyphase motors of a 2-
digit frame size (other than certain NEMA 56-frame size enclosed
motors) with a rated motor horsepower greater than or equal to one.
Subpart X of 10 CFR part 431 subjects certain 2-digit NEMA frame
single-phase and polyphase motors with a rated motor horsepower greater
than or equal to 0.25 hp and less than or equal to 3 hp to those test
procedures, and does not cover any 3-digit frame size motors or certain
2-digit NEMA frame single-phase motors that do not meet the definition
of small electric motors.
Accordingly, DOE is proposing to specify the following frame-size
criteria to describe the electric motors proposed for inclusion in
scope under 10 CFR part 431 subpart B as SNEMs: 2-Digit frame size for
polyphase electric motors greater than or equal to one horsepower,
which are not of an enclosed 56 frame size and which are not a small
electric motor as defined at 10 CFR 431.442. For single-phase SNEMs and
polyphase SNEMs less than one horsepower that are not small electric
motors, DOE is not proposing any frame size requirements. (See Table
III.5). These criteria would be reflected in a new definition in
section 1.2 of appendix B.

Table III.5--Proposed Frame Size Requirements for SNEMs Proposed for
Inclusion in Scope Under 10 CFR Part 431 Subpart B
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase Horsepower Frame size
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-phase.................... >=0.25 hp......... All.
Polyphase....................... >=0.25 and <1 hp.. All.
Polyphase....................... >=1 hp............ 2-digit except 56
enclosed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

f. Horsepower
A motor horsepower indicates the output power that a motor can
deliver at full-load. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE discussed the
horsepower range for motors under consideration in this rulemaking. 82
FR 35468, 35470. See Table III.1. DOE used the existing scope for small
electric motors and electric motors as a starting point, and reviewed
market data to determine whether to revise the limits. In the July 2017
RFI, DOE identified 0.125 hp as the lowest rated motor horsepower, with
multiple manufacturers offering a wide range of motors that meet the
other scope of applicability criteria considered in Table III.1. Id. In
the July 2017 RFI, DOE also identified an upper limit to rated motor
horsepower corresponding to motors that meet the other scope of
applicability criteria considered in Table III.1. (i.e., single-phase
motors inclusive of all frame sizes with up to 15 hp and polyphase 2-
digit NEMA frame size motors, excluding those currently regulated at 10
CFR 431.25, up to 5 hp). Id.
In response to the July 2017 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that
the 15 hp and 5 hp upper limits for single-phase and polyphase motors
in two-digit frames were reasonable. Advanced Energy also commented
that some of the sub-fractional horsepower motors may not have an
opportunity for significant savings and commented that the cost of
testing such motors exceeds their purchase price. Advanced Energy
asserted that although the burden of testing can be avoided or
minimized through the use of AEDMs, not all manufacturers use AEDMs.
(Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 1) The
CA IOUs commented in support of DOE expanding the scope of the small
electric motor test procedure to 0.125 hp through 15 hp from the
current scope of 0.5 hp to 3 hp. The CA IOUs commented that having
greater information about the small motor market has many benefits,
such as

[[Page 71724]]

aiding in the development of new incentive programs. (Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047; CA IOUs, No. 26 at p. 2) NEMA opposed any changes to
the current horsepower range of regulated motors. NEMA commented that
special and definite purpose motors (specifically between 0.125--3 hp)
are predominantly used as components of other regulated products and
that regulating these motors would increase consumer costs, add burden
on manufacturers, and would not lead to energy savings. (Docket No.
EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; NEMA, No. 24 at pp. 1, 6)
NEEA and NWPCC commented that DOE should include in the electric
motor test procedure all motors that directly compete against each
other in the 1 to 15 hp range so that such motors can be fairly
compared against other motor designs. NEEA and NWPCC commented that
some of these motor types and designs are known for having low
efficiencies but are commonly chosen by consumers and original
equipment manufacturers because they are cheaper than other motors.
NEEA and NWPCC commented that the lack of coverage by the electric
motors test procedure and standard is giving competitive advantage to
inefficient motor types and increasing operating costs for consumers.
(NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 3)
DOE proposes a lower limit of 0.25 hp for SNEMs proposed for
inclusion in scope, which would be reflected in a new definition of
``SNEMs'' in section 1.2 of appendix B. The proposed lower horsepower
limit corresponds to the scope of the small electric motor test
procedure in subpart X and would ensure that the efficiency levels of
competing motor topologies in the same horsepower range can be
compared. DOE does not propose to specify an upper limit, as the
criteria specified in the proposed definition of ``SNEMs'' inherently
limits the range of horsepower sizes of equipment meeting this
definition. Single-phase motors are inherently limited in horsepower
due to the limitations of residential electrical power service.\23\ The
proposed frame size specification for polyphase motors (two-digit NEMA
frame size or IEC metric equivalent) inherently provides a limitation
on the physical size and rated horsepower of the motor, as described in
the July 2017 RFI. 82 FR 35468, 35470. Based on a review of
manufacturer catalog data, DOE found that single-phase motors,
inclusive of all frame sizes, exist up to 15 hp. DOE also found that
polyphase 2-digit NEMA frame size motors exist up to 5 hp. Id. The
discussion regarding the potential regulation of ``SNEMs'' that are
components of other regulated products is discussed in section
III.A.10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\23\ Residential electric power service is typically provided at
100 to 200 amps total for the entire residence, with individual
circuits typically sized at 15-30 amps, up to a maximum of around 60
amps for special use cases. A 60-amp circuit at 240V could
theoretically accommodate a maximum motor size of around 15 hp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

g. Enclosure Construction
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE discussed motor enclosure construction,
which includes open and enclosed construction and certain subcategories
such as open drip proof, totally enclosed non-ventilated, and totally
enclosed air-over motors. 82 FR 35468, 35472. Enclosure construction
characterizes both the level of ingress protection (i.e., protection
from dust or liquids) and the cooling method (such as active air
cooling via an integral fan or passive cooling via natural convection).
Id.
Similar to 10 CFR 431.25, DOE proposes to include SNEMs with open
and enclosed constructions under electric motors; i.e., without
differentiating by enclosure type, except to exclude motors that are an
enclosed 56 NEMA frame size (or IEC metric equivalent) to avoid
overlapping with existing regulations at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and
subpart X. The exclusion of enclosed 56 NEMA frame size would be
reflected in a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B. In
addition, liquid-cooled electric motors would be excluded from the
scope of the test procedure, as described in section III.A.9.
Furthermore, DOE proposes to include air-over electric motors as
discussed in section III.A.3 of this document.
h. Topology
Section 340(13)(G) of EPCA, as amended by the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007 (Pub. L. 110-140; EISA 2007) defines ``small
electric motor'' as ``a NEMA general purpose alternating-current
single-speed induction motor, built in a two-digit frame number series
in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG 1-1987.'' (42 U.S.C.
6311(13)(G)) When DOE codified the EISA 2007 definition of ``small
electric motor'' into the CFR, it added ``including IEC metric
equivalent motors,'' clarifying and explicitly indicating that IEC
equivalent motors meet the definition of small electric motor. 10 CFR
431.442 In a final rule published on March 9, 2010 (``March 2010 Final
Rule''), DOE interpreted the term ``NEMA general purpose alternating
current single-speed induction motor'' as referring to elements within
paragraph MG 1-1.05 of NEMA MG 1-1987, which provides a list of
characteristics for determining whether a particular motor is a general
purpose alternating current motor (see Table III.6). 75 FR 10874,
10882-10886. On June 17, 2014, DOE issued a guidance document that
clarifies DOE's interpretation of each of these characteristics.\24\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\24\ In response to questions from NEMA and various motor
manufacturers, DOE issued a guidance document that identifies some
key design elements that manufacturers should consider when
determining whether a given individual motor meets the small
electric motor definition and is subject to the energy conservation
standards promulgated for small electric motors. See
<a href="http://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0082">www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0082</a>.

Table III.6--Characteristics of General Purpose Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Purpose Motor Performance Requirements (paragraph MG 1-1.05 of
NEMA MG 1-1987)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Built with an open construction;
(2) Rated for continuous duty;
(3) Incorporates the service factor in MG 1-12.47 of MG 1-1987;
(4) Uses insulation that satisfies at least the minimum Class A
insulation system temperature rise specifications detailed in MG 1-
12.42 of MG 1-1987;
(5) Designed in standard ratings;
(6) Has standard operating characteristics;
(7) Has standard mechanical construction;
(8) Designed for use under usual service conditions; and
(9) Is not restricted to a particular application.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 71725]]

In the March 2010 Final Rule, DOE identified six categories of AC
single-speed induction motors: Split-phase, shaded-pole, capacitor-
start (both capacitor-start induction-run (``CSIR'') and capacitor-
start capacitor-run (``CSCR'')), permanent-split capacitor (``PSC''),
and polyphase. 75 FR 10874, 10883. Table III.7 describes each of these
motor types.

Table III.7--Single-Speed AC Induction Motor Topologies
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Topology Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PSC............................... A capacitor motor * having the same
value of capacitance for both
starting and running conditions.
(MG 1-2014, 1.20.3.3.2)
CSIR.............................. A capacitor motor * in which the
capacitor phase is in the circuit
only during the starting period.
(MG 1-2014, 1.20.3.3.1)
CSCR.............................. A capacitor motor * using different
values of effective capacitance for
the starting and running
conditions. (MG 1-2014, 1.20.3.3.3)
Shaded-Pole....................... A single-phase induction motor
provided with an auxiliary short-
circuited winding or windings
displaced in magnetic position from
the main winding. (MG 1-2014,
1.20.3.4)
Split-phase....................... A single-phase induction motor
equipped with an auxiliary winding,
displaced in magnetic position
from, and connected in parallel
with the main winding. (MG 1-2014,
1.20.3.1)
Polyphase induction, squirrel cage A polyphase induction motor in which
the secondary circuit (squirrel-
cage winding) consists of a number
of conducting bars having their
extremities connected by metal
rings or plates at each end. (MG 1-
2014, 1.18.1.1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* A capacitor motor is a single-phase induction motor with a main
winding arranged for direct connection to a source of power and an
auxiliary winding connected in series with a capacitor. (MG 1-2014
1.20.3.3)

Of these six motor types, DOE established that split-phase, shaded-
pole, and PSC motors did not meet the definition of small electric
motor (based on the performance requirements of general purpose motors
as listed in Table III.6) and therefore were not addressed by the test
procedure at 10 CFR 431.444. Id.
EPCA does not define ``electric motor,'' and DOE's authority to
regulate this equipment, unlike that for small electric motors, is not
restricted to general purpose motors as defined in NEMA MG-1 1987. (See
42 U.S.C. 6311(13)) DOE proposes to expand the applicability of the
test procedure to include electric motors that are generally considered
SNEMs but that do not meet the general purpose requirements of NEMA
MG1-1987 specified in the definition of ``small electric motor.'' DOE
is proposing that all six induction motor topologies described in Table
III.7 would be included as SNEMs if they meet all other criteria (e.g.,
duty, single-speed, etc.) as listed in Table III.4 (i.e., DOE is not
proposing to specifically specify these SNEM topologies in the
``Scope'' section of appendix B, but rather to specify coverage through
other motor features and characteristics as listed in Table III.4). DOE
notes that all motors in Table III.7 were presented in the July 2017
RFI as primary motor topologies for which DOE was considering standards
and test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35471.
In addition, by covering these six-topologies, the proposed test
procedure would apply to general-purpose, definite-purpose, and
special-purpose motors, as defined in NEMA MG 1-2016, paragraphs 1.11
and 1.15. (See also 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(C)-(D) (defining the terms
``definite-purpose motor'' and ``special-purpose motor,''
respectively)) Definite- and special-purpose motors are designed for a
particular application (e.g., washdown duty motors) and incorporate
features that are not included in general purpose motors (e.g., contact
seals). DOE notes that certain definite- and special-purpose motors
would require additional testing instructions beyond what industry
standards specify. Section III.L discusses these definite- and special-
purpose motors and potential additional testing instructions.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\25\ Both definite purpose electric motor and special purpose
electric motors cannot be used in most general purpose applications.
The main difference between definite purpose electric motor and
special purpose electric motors is that definite purpose electric
motor are designed to standard ratings with standard operating
characteristics or standard mechanical construction (as specified in
NEMA MG1-2016) while special purpose electric motor are designed
with special operating characteristics or special mechanical
construction. Section III.L discusses additional testing
instructions for the following categories of electric motors: (1)
Brake electric motors; (2) close-coupled pump electric motors and
electric motors with single or double shaft extensions of non-
standard dimensions or design; (3) electric motors with non-standard
endshields or flanges; (4) electric motors with non-standard bases,
feet or mounting configurations; (5) electric motors with a
separately-powered blower; (6) immersible electric motors; (7)
partial electric motors; and (8) vertical electric motors and
electric motors with bearings incapable of horizontal operation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric Motors
The current electric motor test procedures apply to AC induction
motors except for those AC induction motors that are ``inverter-only
electric motors.'' \26\ These motors are an exempted category of
electric motors listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(5).\27\ This section
discusses inverter-only electric motors that are AC induction motors.
Section III.A.8 discusses inverter-only electric motors that are not AC
induction motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\26\ NEMA MG-1 2016, paragraph 30.2.1.5 defines the term
``control'' for motors receiving AC power, as ``devices that are
also called inverters and converters. They are electronic devices
that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output AC
voltage or current''. Converters can also be found in motors that
receive DC power and also include electronic devices that convert an
input AC or DC power into a controlled output DC voltage or current.
See section III.B.3 of this NOPR.
\27\ DOE defines an ``inverter-only electric motor'' as an
electric motor that is capable of rated operation solely with an
inverter, and is not intended for operation when directly connected
to polyphase, sinusoidal line power.'' 10 CFR 431.12 DOE notes that
more generally, the requirement to operate with an inverter also
means that that inverter-only motors are not intended for operation
when directly connected to single-phase, sinusoidal line power or to
DC power. See section III.B.3 of this NOPR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE found that testing an
inverter-only motor presented multiple difficulties. 78 FR 75962,
75988. Inverter-only motors can be operated at a continuum of speeds,
with no established speed testing profile; and the motors may be
optimized for different waveforms, which have no established testing
standards. Further, without extensive study it would be difficult to
generate meaningful test results for products that may be designed for
a wide variety of operating inputs. Additionally, at the time, DOE
established that the high frequency power signals may be difficult to
measure accurately without specialized equipment that testing

[[Page 71726]]

laboratories may not possess. Id. Consequently, DOE provided an
exemption for inverter-only electric motors from the energy
conservation standards at 10 CFR 431.25 due to the absence of a
reliable and repeatable method to test them for efficiency. 79 FR
30934, 30945.
Since the publication of the December 2013 Final Rule, the industry
has developed several methods to test inverter-only motors, as
discussed further in section III.D.3. Therefore, DOE proposes to
include within the scope of the test procedure AC induction inverter-
only electric motors that meet the criteria listed at 10 CFR 431.25(g)
and in Table III.4 of this NOPR. As noted, were DOE to include
induction inverter-only electric motors within the scope of the test
procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested
according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes
energy conservation standards for induction inverter-only electric
motors. If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the
energy consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however,
they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and
sampling requirements.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add test procedure
provisions for AC induction inverter-only electric motors. DOE seeks
supporting information and justification for including or excluding AC
induction inverter-only electric motors in the scope of the test
procedure.
8. Synchronous Electric Motors
The current electric motors test procedures apply only to induction
electric motors. 10 CFR 431.25(g)(1), appendix B, Note.
The ``induction motor'' criteria exclude synchronous electric
motors from the scope. A ``synchronous electric motor'' is an electric
motor in which the average speed of the normal operation is exactly
proportional to the frequency of power supply to which it is connected,
regardless of load. \28\ In contrast, in an induction electric motor,
the average speed of the normal operation is not proportional to the
frequency of the power supply to which it is connected.\29\ For
example, a 4-pole synchronous electric motor will rotate at 1800 rpm
when connected to 60 Hz power even when the load varies; whereas a 4-
pole induction electric motor in the same setup will slow down as load
increases.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\28\ NEMA MG 1-2016 paragraph 1.17.3.4 defines a ``synchronous
machine'', as an ``alternating-current machine in which the average
speed of the normal operation is exactly proportional to the
frequency of the system to which it is connected.''
\29\ NEMA MG 1-2016 paragraph 1.17.3.3 defines an ``induction
machine'', as an ``an asynchronous machine that comprises a magnetic
circuit interlinked with two electric circuits or sets of circuits,
rotating with respect to each other and in which power is
transferred from one circuit to another by electromagnetic
induction.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Synchronous electric motors can operate either direct-on-line
(connected directly to the power supply) or as inverter-fed (connected
to an inverter). Some inverter-fed electric motors require being
connected to an inverter to operate (i.e., inverter-only electric
motors) while others are capable of operating both direct-on-line or
connected to an inverter (i.e., inverter-capable electric motors).
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE presented a list of motor topologies for
which it was considering test procedures. Specifically, DOE identified
the following inverter-fed synchronous electric motor topologies that
are not included in the current test procedures for electric motors or
small electric motors: Line start permanent magnet (``LSPM''); \30\
permanent magnet AC (``PMAC,'' also known as permanent magnet
synchronous motor (``PMSM'') or brushless AC); switched reluctance
(``SR''); synchronous reluctance motors (``SynRMs''); and
electronically commutated motor (``ECMs'').\31\ 82 FR 35468, 35471
Typically, these motor technologies are used as higher efficiency
replacements for single-speed induction motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\30\ Advanced Energy noted that LSPM motors are synchronous
motors. Though these motors have a squirrel cage, they do not
operate on the principle of induction as is attributed to regular
induction motors. The cage is simply for starting the motor and
these motors are essentially synchronous motors. (Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 2) This technology is
described further in Chapter 3 of the technical support document
accompanying the May 2014 Final Rule: During the motor transient
start up, the squirrel cage in the rotor contributes to the
production of enough torque to start the rotation of the rotor,
albeit at an asynchronous speed. When the speed of the rotor
approaches synchronous speed, the constant magnetic field of the
permanent magnet locks to the rotating stator field, thereby pulling
the rotor into synchronous operation. (Docket No. EERE-2010-BT-STD-
0027-0108)
\31\ All 5 topologies are referred to as ``advanced motor
technologies'' and represent motor technologies that have been more
recently introduced on the market and have variable speed
capabilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

LSPM motors can be connected directly to 60 Hz line power and
started with a squirrel cage rotor (similar to an induction electric
motor) but can also be paired with an inverter to start the motor or
have variable-speed capability enabled by integrated electronic
controls. SynRMs, SR motors, and PMAC motors are designed for variable-
speed operation, and must be controlled by an inverter to be able to
start the motor.
ECMs, also known as a brushless DC electric motor, are synchronous
motors that operate on DC power via an inverter connected to an AC
power supply. ECMs typically consist of an integrated permanent magnet
DC motor and an integrated variable frequency drive (``VFD''), which
provides speed control capability.
In response to the July 2017 RFI, the Joint Advocates recommended
that the test procedures should be (1) applied to a broad range of
motor technologies and categories to enable consumers to make fair
comparisons; (2) be based on existing test methods where possible; and
(3) reflect the relative power consumption over a range of points. The
Joint Advocates commented that DOE should prioritize establishing test
procedures for primary topologies based on sales, specifically DC
motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint Advocates, No. 27 at
pp. 2-3)
The CA IOUs commented that DOE should establish test procedures for
the additional motor categories considered in the July 2017 RFI. (CA
IOUs, No. 3 at p. 3-5) Specifically, regarding advanced motor
technologies, the CA IOUs commented in support of including motors
using frequency converters that can be tested in accordance with IEC
60034-2-3:2020 ``Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-3: Specific test
methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC
motors'' (``IEC 60034-2-3:2020''); IEC 61800-9-2:2017 ``Adjustable
speed electrical power drive systems--Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power
drive systems, motor starters, power electronics and their driven
applications--Energy efficiency indicators for power drive systems and
motor starters'' (IEC 61800-9-2:2017); and other industry test
standards applicable to DC motors such as IEC 60034-2-1:2014. The CA
IOUs commented that DOE should establish test procedures for advanced
motor technologies that are interchangeable with electric motors
currently subject to DOE test procedures. The CA IOUs commented that
this would reduce market confusion by providing comparable ratings for
substitutable motors and motor systems. The CA IOUs stated that
including advanced motor technologies in the scope of the test
procedure would ensure that end users are provided with ratings from a
uniform test method that can be used to compare and select between
electric motors of competing technologies that would ultimately be used
in the same end-use applications. Specifically, the

[[Page 71727]]

CA IOUs commented that DOE should expand the scope of existing test
procedure to include SR, SynRM, PMAC, PMSMs, and motors with an
integrated VFD. The CA IOUs provided additional information to
demonstrate the technical feasibility and market availability of these
advanced motor technologies. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 3-5)
The Efficiency Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC similarly commented
that DOE should establish test procedures for the additional motor
categories considered in the July 2017 RFI. In addition, the Efficiency
Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC similarly urged DOE to consider test
procedure modifications to account for electric motors with advanced
motor technologies. NEEA and NWPCC commented that including a broad a
range of motor technologies, designs, and categories in the test
procedure enables consumers to make fair comparisons. The Efficiency
Advocates added that the scope of the test procedure should enable any
new motor technology to be rated on a fair basis with existing motor
technologies. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at pp. 2-3; NEEA and NWPCC,
No. 6 at pp. 2-4)
DOE has identified new industry standards since its December 2013
Final Rule that apply to synchronous electric motors (see section
III.D.3). Accordingly, DOE proposes to include within the scope of the
test procedure synchronous electric motors with the characteristics
listed in Table III.8. These criteria would be specified in a new
definition in section 1.2 of appendix B, titled ``Definitions.''

Table III.8--Synchronous Electric Motors Proposed for Inclusion in Scope
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Criteria number Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................ Are not dedicated purpose pool pump
motors as defined at 10 CFR 431.483.
2................................ Are synchronous electric motors;.
3................................ Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1)
operation or for duty type S1
(IEC);.
4................................ Capable of operating on polyphase or
single-phase alternating current 60-
hertz (Hz); sinusoidal line power
(with or without an inverter);.
5................................ Are rated 600 volts or less;.
6................................ Have a 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, or 12-
pole configuration.
7................................ Produce at least 0.25 horsepower (hp)
(0.18 kilowatt (kW)) but not greater
than 750 hp (373 kW).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section III.D.3 discusses industry standards that DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference and use to test synchronous electric motors.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add synchronous electric
motors to the scope of the test procedure. Specifically, DOE request
comments on whether the criteria listed in Table III.8 accurately
reflect DOE's intent to propose to include LSPM motors; PMAC motors; SR
motors; SynRMs; and ECMs in the scope of the proposed test procedure.
To the extent that the criteria listed in Table III.8 should be
revised, DOE seeks supporting information and justification for the
suggested revision.
9. Exemptions
DOE proposes to include within the scope of the test procedure
previously exempted air-over electric motors, submersible electric
motors and inverter-only electric motors at 10 CFR 431.25(l), as
discussed in sections III.A.3, III.A.4 and III.A.7, respectively.
However, in this NOPR, DOE proposes to continue to exempt (1) component
sets of an electric motor; and (2) liquid-cooled electric motors. 10
CFR 431.25(l)(2) and (3).
a. Component Sets
Electric motors within the scope of the DOE test procedure
typically incorporate a number of components that may include: A rotor,
stator, stator windings, stator frame, endshields, bearings, and a
shaft. Any combination of these parts that does not form an operable
electric motor is considered a component set of an electric motor. An
operable motor is engineered for performing in accordance with
nameplate ratings. Motor component sets may be sold to third parties
with the intention of mounting motor components inside equipment that
would provide the necessary elements to allow the component set to
operate similarly to a standalone electric motor. For example, a motor
component set consisting of a rotor, stator, and stator windings may be
purchased and installed inside equipment that provides the structural
support and interfacing components necessary to allow performance
consistent with that of a complete, operable motor. Third parties may
also purchase component sets with the intention of assembling complete,
operable motors, in which case the third party would be responsible for
certifying that the assembled motor meets any applicable standards.
In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE determined that the additional
parts required to construct an operable motor from a component set may
be costly, complex, and are often only provided by a motor
manufacturer. 78 FR 75962, 75987. Subsequently, DOE determined that a
single testing laboratory would have insurmountable difficulty
machining motor parts, assembling the parts into an operable machine,
and testing the motor in a way that would be manageable, consistent,
and repeatable by other testing laboratories. Id. At this time, DOE is
unaware of an industry test procedure or instructions that could
facilitate the consistent testing of component sets. Therefore, DOE
proposes to maintain the existing exemption for component sets of an
electric motor at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(2).
DOE requests comment on maintaining the existing exemption of
component sets of an electric motor from the scope of the test
procedure.
b. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors
Liquid-cooled motors use liquid (or liquid-filled components) to
facilitate heat dissipation but are not submerged in liquid during
operation. In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE described a liquid-
cooled electric motor as a motor that circulates one or a combination
of several liquids into and around the motor and frame to dissipate
heat. 78 FR 75962, 75987. This circulation of liquid for cooling could
impact the operating temperature of the motor and, by extension, its
efficiency. Further, DOE did not identify any standardized methodology
for testing the energy efficiency of a liquid-cooled motor. Id.
Consequently, in the May 2014 Final Rule, DOE exempted liquid-cooled
electric motors from the energy conservation standards at 10 CFR
431.25(l)(3) due to the absence of a reliable and repeatable method to
test them for efficiency. 79 FR 30933, 30945. DOE defines a ``liquid-
cooled electric motor'' as a motor that is cooled by liquid circulated
using a designated

[[Page 71728]]

cooling apparatus such that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come
into direct contact with the parts of the motor. 10 CFR 431.12.
In response to the July 2017 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that it
did not support regulating motors that are manufactured for highly
specialized applications, such as liquid-cooled motors. (Advanced
Energy, EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, No. 25 at p. 6) DOE has preliminarily
determined that the testing difficulties previously described for
liquid-cooled motors, including lack of a repeatable and reliable test
method, still exist. Therefore, DOE continues to propose to exempt
liquid-cooled motors from the scope of applicability of this test
procedure. However, to more clearly distinguish the exempted liquid-
cooled electric motors from submersible electric motors (which DOE is
proposing to include within scope, as discussed in section III.A.4),
DOE proposes to update the definition for ``liquid-cooled electric
motors,'' as described in section III.B.5.
DOE requests comment on maintaining the existing exemption of
liquid-cooled electric motors from the scope of the test procedure.
10. Motor Used as a Component of a Covered Product or Equipment
EPCA provides that no standard prescribed for small electric motors
(those regulated in 10 CFR part 431, subpart X) shall apply to any such
motor that is a component of a covered product under EPCA or of covered
equipment under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(3)) EPCA does not establish
any such prohibition for electric motors and suggests the opposite. See
42 U.S.C. 6313(b)(1) (providing that standards for electric motors be
applied to electric motors manufactured ``alone or as a component of
another piece of equipment'').
NEMA, McMillan Electric Company, Detech, and Lennox International
indicated that they do not support regulating motors that are
components of covered products or equipment, but instead support a
finished-product approach to energy efficiency regulations.\32\ (Docket
No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 1; McMillian Electric
Company, No. 16 at p. 1; Detech, no. 18 at p. 1; Lennox, No. 22 at p.
1-2) In addition, AHAM and AHRI commented that they oppose DOE
requiring testing of motors that only enter commerce as components of
another product, including special and definite purpose motors. AHAM
and AHRI commented that is too difficult to uniformly test such motors
that are designed and destined for specific applications and that are
vastly different from one-another. AHAM and AHRI asserted that
developing such test procedures would be difficult, if not impossible,
and that complying with them would be difficult and costly to manage.
(Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, AHAM and AHRI, No. 21 at p. 5)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\32\ A finished-product approach would consider establishing
energy conservation standards at the larger equipment level (e.g.,
HVAC equipment) rather than at the component level (e.g., the
motor).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

At this time, DOE is not proposing to exclude from its test
procedure's scope those motors used as a component of a covered product
or covered equipment. DOE notes that the current electric motors test
procedure applies to definite purpose and special purpose electric
motors, and DOE is not aware of any technical issues with testing such
motors using the current DOE test procedure. Furthermore, DOE is
proposing additional test instructions for the additional electric
motors proposed in scope, including testing instructions for special
and definite purpose motors. (See section III.L for further
discussion).
DOE requests comment on whether any electric motors, when used as
components of covered products or covered equipment, are unable to be
tested under the DOE test procedure absent modification to the test
procedure. If so, DOE requests information on what such modifications
should be and why.

B. Definitions

DOE is proposing to modify 10 CFR 431.12 by either modifying or
adding certain definitions applicable to electric motors.
1. Updating IEC Design N and H Motors Definitions and Including New
Definitions for IEC Design N and H ``E'' and ``Y'' Designations
As discussed in section III.A.1, DOE proposes to clarify that IEC
Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY, and NEY are already covered equipment.
Accordingly, DOE proposes to add definitions for these designs in 10
CFR 431.12 based on the definitions of IEC Design H and N provided in
10 CFR 431.12, and the definitions for IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY,
and NEY provided in IEC 60034-12:2016. DOE proposes to include these
``E'' and/or ``Y'' variants in each instance where IEC Design N and H
are currently referenced in 10 CFR 431.25. In addition, DOE proposes to
amend the current definitions for IEC Design H and N (which currently
reference and are based on IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 2007-09) to be
consistent with the latest version of that industry standard--IEC
60034-12:2016.
In reviewing IEC 60034-12:2016, DOE identified the following
updates as it relates to the definitions: (1) For IEC Design N and
Design H motors, the lower end of the rated output power range was
reduced from 0.4 kW (0.5 hp) to 0.12 kW (\1/6\ hp), and corresponding
new limits for minimum values of torque and external moment of inertia
were added to these power ratings; and (2) the limits for locked rotor
apparent power for motors with protection type ``e'' were replaced by a
reference to IEC 60079-7:2015 ``Explosive atmospheres--Part 7:
Equipment protection by increased safety ``e'' '' (``IEC 60079-
7:2015''). IEC protection type ``e'' denotes motors to be used in
hazardous environments and minimizes air-gap sparking; see section
III.C.1 for further description. DOE notes that the update to the lower
end of the rated output power range would not affect the applicability
of the energy conservation standards, as discussed in section III.C.1.
DOE proposes updating the definitions for IEC Design H and N,
consistent with the updates in IEC 60034-12:2016, as follows:
IEC Design H motor means an electric motor that:
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to sections 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15) specifications for
starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting
requirements, respectively.
IEC Design N motor means an electric motor that:
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15) specifications for torque
characteristics, locked rotor apparent power, and starting
requirements, respectively. If a motor has an increased safety
designation of type `e', the locked rotor apparent power shall be in
accordance with the appropriate values specified in IEC 60079-7:2015.
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)

[[Page 71729]]

Furthermore, DOE proposes to add the following definitions to 10
CFR 431.12:
IEC Design HE means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 9.1, Table 3, and section 9.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
IEC Design HY means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 5.7, section 9.2 and section 9.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
IEC Design HEY means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 5.7, Table 3 and section 9.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
IEC Design NE means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 6.1, Table 3 and section 6.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
IEC Design NY means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 5.4, section 6.2 and section 6.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
IEC Design NEY means an electric motor that
(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;
(2) Contains a cage rotor;
(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;
(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;
(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and
(6) Conforms to section 5.4, Table 3 and section 6.3 of the IEC
60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15)
specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and
starting requirements, respectively.
DOE seeks comments on the proposed updates to the definitions for
IEC Design H, and IEC Design N, and the proposed additional definitions
for IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY and NEY.
2. Updating Definitions to Reference NEMA MG1-2016 With 2018
Supplements
A number of definitions in 10 CFR 431.12 incorporate references to
specific sections of NEMA MG 1-2009 to characterize the construction
and operation of different categories of electric motors. DOE is
proposing to revise these definitions to update the current NEMA MG 1
references to the most recent edition of that industry standard, NEMA
MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements. These reference updates would align
DOE's regulatory definitions with the current industry standard.
Among the definitions at 10 CFR 431.12 that reference NEMA MG 1-
2009, the following definitions include references to sections of NEMA
MG 1-2009 that have not changed between the 2009 and 2016 publications
of the standard: ``electric motor with encapsulated windings,''
``electric motor with moisture resistant windings,'' ``electric motor
with sealed windings,'' ``general purpose electric motor (subtype I),''
and ``general purpose electric motor (subtype II).''
The following definitions reference provisions of NEMA MG 1-2009
that have changed between the 2009 and 2016 versions: ``definite
purpose motor,'' ``definite purpose electric motor,'' ``general purpose
electric motor,'' ``NEMA Design A Motor,'' ``NEMA Design B Motor,''
``NEMA Design C motor,'' and ``nominal full-load efficiency.'' DOE has
initially determined that the changes in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018
Supplements do not substantively change these definitions. DOE
initially concludes that the updates to ``definite purpose motor'',
``definite purpose electric motor'', and ``general purpose electric
motor'' would not affect the DOE test procedures or energy conservation
standards for electric motors manufactured on or after June 1, 2016,
because as of that date the energy conservation standards no longer
differentiate between ``general purpose'' motors and ``definite
purpose'' motors. 10 CFR 431.25(h) and (i).
The definitions for ``NEMA Design A motor,'' ``NEMA Design B
motor,'' and ``NEMA Design C motor'' at 10 CFR 431.12 reference tables
of locked-rotor current in sections 12.35.1 and 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1-
2009. NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements revise these tables by
adding a column for ``Locked-Rotor kVA Code'' and a footnote regarding
a tolerance that may be applied to the locked-rotor current values
based on the associated Locked-Rotor kVA Code.\33\ Section 10.37 of
NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements provides the applicable range of
kVA per horsepower for each locked-rotor kVA code that would be used to
calculate the locked-rotor current tolerances required by the footnote.
These definitions also reference other sections in NEMA MG 1-2009, each
of which remains unchanged in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements. The
addition of the column for ``Locked-Rotor kVA Code'' is not expected to
impact the applicability of test procedures or energy conservation
standards for electric motors. DOE notes that the existing tolerance
presented in section 10.37 of NEMA MG1-2009 remains unchanged in NEMA
MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements and its adoption by DOE would also not
impact the scope of electric motors that are subject to energy

[[Page 71730]]

conservation standards and test procedures. See 85 FR 34111, 34114.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\33\ The ``Locked-Rotor kVA Code'' is a letter that appears on
the nameplate of an alternating-current motor to show its range of
locked-rotor kilo-volt-ampere (kVA) per horsepower. The letter
designations for locked rotor kVA per horsepower are given in
Section 10.37 of NEMA MG 1-2016. For example, the letter ``N''
corresponds to a range of locked rotor kVA per horsepower between
11.2 and 12.5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The definition for ``nominal full-load efficiency'' at 10 CFR
431.12 references Table 12-10 of NEMA MG 1-2009, which provides a list
of nominal efficiencies and associated minimum motor efficiencies based
on a 20 percent loss difference. Table 12-10 in NEMA MG 1-2009 lists
nominal efficiency ratings ranging from 50.5 to 99.0, whereas Table 12-
10 in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements lists nominal efficiency
ratings ranging from 34.5 to 99.0. The nominal efficiency ratings (and
associated minimum efficiencies) in the range of 50.5 to 99.0 did not
change between the two versions of the standard. The nominal full-load
efficiency requirements specified by the energy conservation standards
for electric motors at 10 CFR 431.25 are efficiency values ranging from
74.0 to 96.2; therefore, the addition of nominal efficiency ratings
ranging from 34.5 to 50.5 in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements does
not impact the applicability of test procedures or energy conservation
standards for electric motors. Id.
In response to the June 2020 RFI, NEMA commented in support of
updating these definitions to NEMA MG1 2016 with 2018 Supplements and
agreed that it would not cause an impact to testing burden or test
results. (NEMA, No. 2 at p. 2) CA IOUs supported DOE's proposal to
update the definitions. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 1)
DOE tentatively concludes that updating the NEMA MG 1 references to
NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements would not alter the measured
efficiency of electric motors, and would not result in additional test
burden. Therefore, DOE proposes to revise the definitions to update its
NEMA MG 1 references to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements.
DOE seeks comments on its assessment that updating the NEMA MG 1
references in the DOE definitions to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018
Supplements would not substantially change the definitions currently
prescribed in 10 CFR 431.12. DOE also seeks comment on whether the
proposed updates would alter the measured efficiency of electric
motors.
3. Inverter, Inverter-Only, and Inverter-Capable
DOE defines an ``inverter-only electric motor'' as an electric
motor that is capable of rated operation solely with an inverter, and
is not intended for operation when directly connected to polyphase,
sinusoidal line power.'' DOE also defines an ``inverter-capable
electric motor'' as an ``electric motor designed to be directly
connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power, but that is also capable
of continuous operation on an inverter drive over a limited speed range
and associated load''. 10 CFR 431.12 Inverter-only and inverter-capable
electric motors can be sold with or without an inverter.
In addition to not being designed for operation when directly
connected to polyphase, sinusoidal power, inverter-only motors are also
not designed for operation when directly connected to single-phase,
sinusoidal line power or to DC power. To provide a more complete
definition, DOE proposes to revise the definition of inverter-only
electric motor as follows: ``as an electric motor that is capable of
continuous operation solely with an inverter, and is not designed for
operation when directly connected to AC sinusoidal or DC power
supply.'' Similarly, DOE proposes to revise the definition of an
inverter-capable electric motor as follows: ``an electric motor
designed to be directly connected to AC sinusoidal or DC power, but
that is also capable of continuous operation on an inverter drive over
a limited speed range and associated load.''
As previously discussed, paragraph 30.2.1.5 of NEMA MG-1 2016 with
2018 Supplements defines the term ``control'' for motors receiving AC
power, as ``devices that are also called inverters and converters. They
are electronic devices that convert an input AC or DC power into a
controlled output AC voltage or current''. Converters can also be found
in motors that receive DC power and also include electronic devices
that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output DC
voltage or current. To support the definition of ``inverter-only
motor,'' DOE proposes to define an inverter as ``an electronic device
that converts an input AC or DC power into a controlled output AC or DC
voltage or current. An inverter may also be called a converter.''
DOE seeks comments on the proposed definitions of ``inverter-only
electric motor'' ``inverter-capable electric motor'' and ``inverter''.
If these definitions should be revised, DOE requests supporting
information and justification for these revisions.
4. Air-Over Electric Motors
As discussed in section III.A.3, DOE is proposing to include within
the scope of the test procedure air-over electric motors. DOE defines
the term ``air-over electric motor'' as: ``an electric motor rated to
operate in and be cooled by the airstream of a fan or blower that is
not supplied with the motor and whose primary purpose is providing
airflow to an application other than the motor driving it.'' 10 CFR
431.12. In other words, air-over electric motors do not have a factory-
attached fan and require a separate means of forcing air over the frame
of the motor. The external cooling maintains internal motor winding
temperatures within the permissible temperature rise for the motor's
insulation class or to a maximum temperature value specified by the
manufacturer.\34\ Without an external means of cooling, an air-over
electric motor would overheat during continuous operation. Air-over
motors can be found in direct-drive axial fans, blowers, and several
other applications; for example, single-phase air-over motors are
widely used in residential and commercial HVAC systems, appliances, and
equipment as well as in agricultural applications.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\34\ Sections 12.42 and 12.43 of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018
Supplements specifies the maximum temperature rises corresponding to
four insulation classes (A, B, F, and H). Each class represents the
maximum allowable operating temperature rise at which the motor can
operate without failure, or risk of reducing its lifetime.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE noted that the absence of a fan is not a
differentiating feature specific to air-over electric motors and that a
revised definition may be needed to distinguish such motors from
similarly constructed electric motors that are subject to the DOE test
procedure. 82 FR 35468, 35472-35473. For example, there is little
difference between a totally enclosed fan-cooled electric motor
(``TEFC'') and a totally enclosed air-over electric motor (``TEAO''). A
user could remove the fan on a TEFC electric motor, and then place the
motor in an airstream of the application to obtain an air-over electric
motor configuration. Further, other motors categories such as TENV
electric motors do not have internal fans or blowers and are similar in
construction to TEAO electric motors.\35\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\35\ TENV electric motors are ``built in a frame-surface cooled,
totally enclosed configuration that is designed and equipped to be
cooled only by free convection'' 10 CFR 431.12.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE identified that what differentiates air-
over motors from non-air-over motors is that they require external
cooling by a free flow of air to prevent overheating during continuous
operation.\36\ Id. The risk of overheating can be verified by observing
whether the motor's temperature continuously rises during a rated load
temperature test instead of stabilizing at

[[Page 71731]]

the permissible temperature rise of the motor's insulation class or to
a maximum temperature value specified by the manufacturer. During a
rated load temperature test, the motor is loaded at the rated full load
using a dynamometer until it is thermally stable.\37\ A rated load
temperature test is a test during which the motor is loaded at rated
full-load by means of a dynamometer until it is thermally stable. Its
purpose is to determine the temperature rise of certain parts of the
machine above the ambient temperature when running at rated load. The
current industry standards referenced by the existing DOE electric
motors test procedure each contain provisions for a rated load
temperature test.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\36\ Without the application of free flowing air, the internal
winding temperatures of an air-over electric motor would exceed the
maximum permissible temperature (i.e., the motor's insulation class'
permissible temperature rise or a maximum temperature value
specified by the manufacturer).
\37\ Thermal stability (or thermal equilibrium) is defined as
the condition in which the motor temperature does not change by more
than 1 [deg]C over 30 minutes or 15 minutes depending on the motor
category. See Section 5.9.45 of IEEE 112-2017, Section 3.1. of CSA
C390-10; Section 10.3.1.3 of IEEE 114-2010; Section 3 of CSA C747-09
(R2019); and Section 6.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-1.
\38\ See Section 7.1.3 of CSA 390-10; Section 6.4 of CSA C747-09
(R2019); 7.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-3:2014; Section 5.9 of IEEE 112-
2017; and Section 10 of IEEE 114-2010.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE further provided in the July 2017 RFI that specifying that the
external cooling is obtained by a free flow of air is needed to
differentiate air-over motors from totally-enclosed pipe-ventilated
(``TEPV'') motors. TEPV motors are a category of electric motor that
requires external cooling to operate, and the external cooling is
directed on the motor via a duct or a pipe rather than a free flow of
air.\39\ Id. Accordingly, in the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it was
considering defining an air-over motor based on its inability to
thermally stabilize without the application of external cooling by a
free flow of air during a rated load temperature test. Id
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\39\ DOE did not find any pipe-ventilated motors in the proposed
scope of applicability of this test procedure but is aware that some
motors may exist in such configurations. TEPV motors are cooled by
supply air which is piped into the motor and ducted out of the
motor. They are typically used to overcome heat dissipation
difficulties and when air surrounding the motor is not clean (e.g.,
dust).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In response to the 2017 RFI, Lennox commented that the definition
of air-over motors at 10 CFR 431.12 was appropriate. (Docket No. EERE-
2017-BT-TP-0047, Lennox, No. 22 at p. 4) NEMA commented that air-over
motors could not be identified by physical and technical features alone
but did not provide alternative means to identify them. (Docket No.
EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 6)
Advanced Energy commented that it would be difficult to
differentiate air-over motors from TENV motors in terms of physical
and/or external features. Advanced Energy commented that air-over
motors can be defined by their inability to achieve a stable
temperature under standard test conditions. Advanced Energy stated that
thermal equilibrium is defined in the referenced test standards, but
that DOE could add a definition as part of the air-over motor
definition. Advanced Energy commented that the term ``rated temperature
test'' should be replaced with ``rated load temperature test.'' (Docket
No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at pp. 4-5)
Advanced Energy asserted that that the term ``external cooling by a
free flow of air'' used in the July 2017 RFI was ambiguous and that DOE
should specify by a ``device or equipment not mechanically attached to
the motor'' or ``forced cooling from a fan or blower not connected to
the motor.'' Advanced Energy explained that some TEFC motors have
external fans and therefore, such distinction is necessary. Advanced
Energy recommended the following definition for air-over motors: A
motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium (also known as ``thermal
stability'') during a rated load temperature test according to test
standards incorporated by reference, without the application of forced
cooling by a free flow of air from an external device not mechanically
connected to the motor. Advanced Energy commented that thermal
equilibrium is already defined in the referenced industry test
standards, but that DOE could add a definition as part of the air-over
electric motor definition (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced
Energy, No. 25 at pp. 4-5).
Based on the preceding discussion, to differentiate air-over
electric motors from TEFC electric motors with external fans connected
to the motor, DOE proposes to define the air-over electric motor
definition as an electric motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium
during a rated load temperature test without the application of forced
cooling by a free flow of air from an external device not mechanically
connected to the motor. In addition, DOE does not propose to define
thermal equilibrium, as this term is defined in the industry test
procedure incorporated by reference.\40\ The referenced definition
specifies that thermal equilibrium is characterized by a load
temperature test according to section 2 of appendix B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\40\ A ``rated load temperature test'' is a test during which
the motor is loaded at rated full-load by means of a dynamometer
until it is thermally stable. See Section 7.1.3 of CSA 390-10;
Section 6.4 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); 7.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-3:2014;
Section 5.9 of IEEE 112-2017; and Section 10 of IEEE 114-2010. The
term ``thermal equilibrium'' (i.e., thermal stability) is defined as
the condition where the motor temperature does not change by more
than 1 [deg]C over 30 min (See Section 5.9.45 of IEEE 112-2017,
Section 3.1. of CSA C390-10; Section 10.3.1.3 of IEEE 114-2010;
Section 3 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); and Section 6.1.3.2.1 of IEC
60034-2-1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In summary, DOE proposes to define an air-over electric motor as:
``an electric motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium (i.e.,
thermal stability) during a rated load temperature test according to
section 2 of appendix B, without the application of forced cooling by a
free flow of air from an external device not mechanically connected to
the motor''.
DOE requests comments (i.e., supporting information and technical
justification) on the proposed definition for an air-over electric
motor--including technical information and support on whether and why
the definition should be modified.
5. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors
DOE defines a ``liquid-cooled electric motor'' as a motor that is
cooled by liquid circulated using a designated cooling apparatus such
that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come into direct contact
with the parts of the motor. 10 CFR 431.12.
DOE proposes to include submersible electric motors within scope of
the test procedure while continuing to exclude liquid-cooled electric
motors. Accordingly, DOE reviewed the existing definitions to ensure
that the definitions provide an appropriate distinction between liquid-
cooled electric motors and submersible electric motors, because both
type of motors use liquid for cooling purposes. DOE notes that the
definition for submersible electric motors, as described in section
III.A.4 of this document is based on the premise of the electric motor
intended to operate only when submerged in a liquid. The current
definition for ``liquid-cooled electric motor,'' however, does not
specify whether the electric motor must be submerged in a liquid to
operate.
The December 2013 Final Rule discussed the general differences
between these categories of electric motors. Specifically, the December
2013 Final Rule described ``liquid-cooled motors'' as electric motors
that use liquid (or liquid-filled components) to facilitate heat
dissipation, but are not submerged in liquid during operation. 78 FR
75962, 75975. In order to appropriately distinguish ``liquid-cooled
electric motors'' from ``submersible electric motors,'' DOE proposes to
define ``liquid-cooled electric motors'' as follows: As a motor that is
cooled by liquid circulated using a designated

[[Page 71732]]

cooling apparatus such that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come
into direct contact with the parts of the motor, but is not submerged
in a liquid during operation.
DOE requests comments (i.e., supporting information and technical
justification) on the proposed definition for a liquid-cooled electric
motor--including technical information and support on whether and why
the definition should be modified.
6. Basic Model and Equipment Class
DOE proposes to amend the definition of ``basic model'' in 10 CFR
431.12 to make it similar to the definitions used for other DOE-
regulated products and equipment, and to eliminate an ambiguity found
in the current definition. The definition currently specifies that
basic models of electric motors are all units of a given type
manufactured by the same manufacturer, which have the same rating, and
have electrical characteristics that are essentially identical, and do
not have any differing physical or functional characteristics that
affect energy consumption or efficiency. (10 CFR 431.12) For the
purposes of this definition, the term ``rating'' is specified to mean
one of 113 combinations of horsepower, poles, and open or enclosed
construction. (See id.) The reference to 113 combinations dates from
the Department's implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 1992
(``EPACT 1992'') (Pub. L. 102-486), which set initial standards for
motors based on that categorization. Since then, EISA 2007 and DOE's
regulations have established standards for additional motor categories.
See 10 CFR 431.25. To clarify that the concept of a ``basic model''
reflects the categorization in effect under the prevailing standard, as
it stands today and as it may evolve in future rulemakings, DOE
proposes to refer only to the combinations of horsepower (or standard
kilowatt equivalent), number of poles, and open or enclosed
construction for which 10 CFR 431.25 prescribes standards; and to drop
the current reference to 113 such combinations.
As such, DOE proposes to replace the term ``rating'' with the term
``equipment class'' in the basic model definition. In addition, DOE
proposes to define ``equipment class'' as one of the combinations of an
electric motor's horsepower (or standard kilowatt equivalent), number
of poles, and open or enclosed construction, with respect to a category
of electric motor for which Sec. 431.25 prescribes nominal full-load
efficiency standards. This proposal would also limit confusion between
the use of the term ``rating''
in this specific case and the use of the term as it applies to
represented values of other individual characteristics of an electric
motor, such as its rated horsepower, voltage, torque, or energy
efficiency.
With the aforementioned change, DOE proposes that basic model
means, with respect to an electric motor, all units of electric motors
manufactured by a single manufacturer, that are within the same
equipment class, have electrical characteristics that are essentially
identical, and do not have any differing physical or functional
characteristics that affect energy consumption or efficiency.
The proposed update to the basic model definition does not alter
current representations or efficiencies.

C. Updates to Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by Reference

DOE has reviewed each of the industry standards that are currently
incorporated by reference as test methods for determining the energy
efficiency of electric motors, and identified updates for the following
existing references: IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 2007-09 ``Rotating
Electrical Machines, Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-Speed
Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors'' (``IEC 60034-12:2007''); NFPA 20-
2010 ``Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection'' (``NFPA 20-2010''); and NEMA MG 1-2009. DOE also notes
that CSA C390-10 has been reaffirmed. The revised and reaffirmed
industry standards are listed in Table III.9.

Table III.9--Updated Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by
Reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing reference Updated version Type of update
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 IEC 60034-12 Revision.
200709. Edition 3.0 2016.
NFPA 20-2010.................. NFPA 20-2019..... Revision.
CSA C390-10................... CSA C390-10 Reaffirmed.
(R2019).
NEMA MG 1-2009................ NEMA MG 1-2016 Revision.
with 2018
Supplements.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

As discussed in section I.B, DOE incorporated by reference IEEE
112-2017 for both small electric motors and electric motors in the
January 2021 Final Rule. 86 FR 4. Specifically, for electric motors,
reference to IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B in the DOE test procedure
replaces the prior reference to IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B. 86 FR 4,
10. DOE determined that reference to IEEE 112-2017 harmonizes the
permitted test methods under subpart B of 10 CFR part 431 and aligns
measurement and instrumentation requirements with recent industry
practice. 86 FR 4, 10. DOE also incorporates by reference IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 as an additional alternative test procedure for both small
electric motors and electric motors. 86 FR 4, 10-13. Specifically for
electric motors, DOE references IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Test Method 2-1-1B
as an alternative to IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B and CSA C390-10. 86 FR
4, 12-13. DOE determined that reference to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Test
Method 2-1-1B further harmonizes DOE's test procedures with current
industry practice and reduces manufacturer test burden while ensuring
that the test procedure reflects the energy efficiency of the relevant
motors during a representative average use cycle. 86 FR 4, 11-12. In
response to the June 2020 RFI, the CA IOUs recommended that DOE update
its test procedure to reference the latest version of key industry test
procedures, citing the updates to IEEE 112-2004, CSA C390-10 and NEMA
MG 1-2009. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 12) NEMA suggested that DOE
incorporate by reference the latest versions of IEEE 112-2017, CSA
C390-2010 (R2019), and IEC 60034-2-1:2014. (NEMA, No. 2 at p. 5) DOE
has updated its test procedures to reference IEEE 112-2017 and IEC
60034-2-1:2014, as previously discussed. The following sections provide
a review of the proposed revisions related to industry test procedures.
1. IEC 60034-12
DOE references clauses 5.2, 5.4, 6, and 8, and Tables 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, and 7 of IEC 60034-12:2007. 10 CFR 431.15(c)(4). The specified
sections of IEC 60034-12 are referenced in the definitions for IEC
Design H motor and IEC Design N motor in 10 CFR 431.12.
On November 23, 2016, IEC 60034-12:2007 was updated with the
publication of IEC 60034-12:2016. As

[[Page 71733]]

discussed, of the IEC 60034-12:2007 sections that are currently
incorporated in the DOE test procedure, DOE identified the following
updates in IEC 60034-12:2016: (1) For IEC Design N and Design H motors,
the lower end of the rated output power range was reduced from 0.4 kW
(0.5 hp) to 0.12 kW (\1/6\ hp), and corresponding new limits for
minimum values of torque and external moment of inertia were added at
these power ratings; (2) the limits for locked rotor apparent power for
motors with type of protection ``e'' were replaced by a reference to
IEC 60079-7:2015 ``Explosive atmospheres--Part 7: Equipment protection
by increased safety ``e'' (``IEC 60079-7:2015''); and (3) an equation
was added to clarify how to calculate the locked rotor current from the
locked rotor apparent power.\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\41\ In addition, IEC 60034-12:2016 also includes new
definitions for Design NE, NEY, HE and HEY and their corresponding
starting requirements, as discussed further in section III.A.1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE notes that the horsepower range provided at 10 CFR 431.25(g)(8)
\42\ is controlling in regard to the scope of the energy conservation
standards and therefore tentatively concludes that the update to
horsepower range for IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors in IEC 60034-
12:2016 would not impact the scope of the test procedure. In the
December 2013 Final Rule, DOE discussed that the objective of defining
IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors was only to define what
characteristics and features comprise these type of motors, so that
manufacturers designing to the IEC standards can determine whether
their motor is subject to DOE's regulatory requirements. 78 FR 75962,
75970. At the time, DOE had concluded that although the specified range
in terms of rated output power for IEC Design N and Design H in IEC
60034-12:2007 was broader than the DOE scope, there was no need to
limit the definitions to the power ranges covered by DOE regulatory
requirements. Id. DOE maintains the same conclusions for the update to
horsepower range in IEC 60034-12:2016.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\42\ Produce at least one horsepower (0.746 kW) but not greater
than 500 horsepower (373 kW).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regarding the reference to IEC 60079-7:2015, sections 5.2.7.3 and
5.2.8.2 of this industry standard describe the additional starting
requirements of increased safety ``eb'' and ``ec'' motors. The ``eb''
and ``ec'' designations are the two levels of protection offered by the
increased safety ``e'' designation, intended for use in explosive gas
atmospheres, according to section 1 of IEC 60079-7:2015. Section
5.2.7.3 specifies the application of protective measures to prevent
airgap sparking. Section 5.2.8.2 specifies the application of starting
current requirements, and when a current-dependent safety device is
required. Section 1 of IEC 60034-12:2007 stated that the standard
applied to motors that ``are constructed to any degree of protection'',
indicating that safety ``e'' motors are not excluded from IEC Design N
or Design H motors. Similarly, Section 1 of IEC 60034-12:2016 states
that the standard applies to motors that ``are constructed to any
degree of protection and explosion protection.'' DOE tentatively
concludes that the requirements specified in sections 5.2.7.3 and
5.2.8.2 of IEC 60079-7 would not impact the scope of the current DOE
test procedure because motors with the ``increased safety ``e''
designation'' were previously eligible to be considered IEC Design N or
H motors, and this remains unchanged with this update.
Regarding the addition of the new locked rotor current equation,
DOE notes that the definitions for IEC Design H and IEC Design N in 10
CFR 431.12 do not specify conformance to any locked rotor current
specification, but rather specify the starting torque, locked rotor
apparent power and starting requirement. The new equation specifies how
to calculate the locked rotor current from the locked rotor apparent
power. IEC 60034-12:2016 does not provide any minimum or maximum values
for locked rotor current. DOE tentatively concludes that the new locked
rotor current equation does not change the scope of IEC Design H and
Design N definitions, as defined in 10 CFR 431.12.
Based on DOE's review of the updates to IEC 60034-12:2016, DOE
tentatively concludes updating the IEC 60034-12 reference in the CFR to
the 2016 version would not alter the measured efficiency of electric
motors, and would not be unduly burdensome to conduct. Therefore, DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference the 2016 version of IEC 60034-12
and reference the most current test standards in use by industry. In
addition, because IEC 60079-7:2015 is referenced within IEC 60034-
12:2016 and is necessary for the test procedure, DOE also proposes
incorporating by reference IEC 60079-7:2015.
DOE seeks comments on whether its assessment of the updates to IEC
60034-12:2016 is accurate and on its proposal to incorporate by
reference the 2016 version of IEC 60034-12, including reference to IEC
60079-7:2015.
2. NFPA 20
DOE incorporates by reference section 9.5 of NFPA 20-2010 in the
definition of ``fire pump electric motor.'' DOE defines fire pump
electric motor as an electric motor, including any IEC-equivalent, that
meets the requirements of section 9.5 of NFPA 20. 10 CFR 431.12.
On May 24, 2018, NFPA approved a 2019 edition of NFPA 20 (i.e.,
NFPA 20-2019), which is the most recent version. Based on a review of
NFPA 20-2019, DOE identified the following updates: (1) Addition of
horsepower and locked rotor motor designations for three-phase NEMA
Design B, 1-3 hp, 60 Hz, motors (Table 9.5.1.1(a)); (2) addition of
horsepower and locked rotor current motor designations for single-phase
NEMA Design N and L motors (Table 9.5.1.1(b)); (3) addition of
horsepower and locked rotor current motor designations for three-phase
NEMA Design B 50 Hz motors (Table 9.5.1.1(c)); (4) inclusion of a
specification that single-phase motors are used only in across-the-line
starting applications (section 9.5.1.1.1); (5) addition of a clause
that IEC motors, where used, are to be listed for fire service (section
9.5.1.1.2); (6) further specifications for motors used with variable
speed controllers (section 9.5.1.4); and (7) specification that the
service factor used is to be marked on the motor but in no case is the
factor to exceed 1.15 where the motor is used with a variable speed
pressure limiting controller (section 9.5.2.2(2)).
The current energy conservation standard requirements for fire pump
electric motors in Table 7 of Appendix B are for motors with horsepower
ranging from 1 to 500 hp. NFPA 20-2010 accounted for NEMA Design B
motors at rated horsepower between 5-500 hp. DOE notes that the
addition of 1-3 hp motors in NFPA 20-2019 further aligns the NFPA 20
scope with the existing DOE fire pump electric motors scope.
As discussed in section III.A, DOE is proposing to expand scope of
the DOE test procedure to include additional categories of motors,
including SNEMs (i.e., certain single-phase motors) and electric motors
with synchronous technologies (i.e., inverter-fed motor topologies).
NFPA 20-2019 requirements regarding single-phase motors and motors used
with variable speed controllers (as identified in Table 9.5.1.1(b);
sections 9.5.1.1.1, 9.5.1.4 and 9.5.2.2(2) of NFPA 20-2019) could be
applicable to the scope of the DOE test procedure proposed in this
NOPR. In the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE referenced all of section 9.5 of
NFPA 20-2010 in its definition of fire pump electric motor, including
those sections that apply to motors that were not

[[Page 71734]]

subject to energy conservation standards. 77 FR 26608, 26618.
Accordingly, DOE proposes to continue to reference all of section 9.5
of NFPA 20-2019 to align with the proposed expansion of scope.
As noted, the definition for fire pump electric motors in 10 CFR
431.12 includes any IEC-equivalent electric motors that meet the
requirements of section 9.5 of NFPA 20. In the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE
included IEC-equivalent electric motors within the definition because
NFPA 20 did not explicitly recognize the use of IEC motors with fire
pumps. 77 FR 26608, 26618. DOE notes that the addition of the IEC
clause in NFPA 20-2019 aligns with the DOE definition for fire pump
electric motors. In this NOPR, DOE proposes to maintain the
specification within the fire pump electric motor definition that IEC-
equivalent electric motors are included within the definition of fire
pump electric motor.
Finally, the updated provisions regarding 50 Hz motors would not be
applicable in the context of the test procedure as proposed, as DOE is
proposing to limit the scope of the test procedure to electric motors
with a rated frequency of 60 Hz (see section III.G.1 for further
discussion on the definition for rated frequency).
Based on DOE's review of the updates to NFPA 20-2019, DOE proposes
to incorporate by reference the 2019 version of NFPA 20 in order to
reference the most current version of the industry standard. DOE has
tentatively determined that referencing the most current version would
not change the applicability of the definition of fire pump electric
motor.
DOE seeks comments on whether its assessment of the updates to NFPA
20-2019 is accurate. In addition, DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
reference section 9.5 of NFPA 20-2019, the most current test standard.
DOE seeks comment on whether the clause ``including any IEC-
equivalent'' should be maintained in the fire pump electric motor
definition, considering that section 9.5 of NFPA 20-2019 now includes
this specification.
3. CSA C390
DOE incorporates by reference CSA C390-10 in 10 CFR 431.12; 431.19;
and 431.20. 10 CFR 431.15(b)(1). CSA C390-10 was reaffirmed in 2019
(i.e., no changes were adopted). Accordingly, DOE tentatively concludes
that the proposed update to reference the reaffirmed version of CSA
C390-10 would not impact the scope or substance of the DOE test
procedure. Therefore, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the 2019
reaffirmed version of CSA C390-10 (CSA C390-10 (R2019)) in order to
reference the most current version of the industry standard.
4. NEMA MG1
DOE references certain sections of NEMA MG1-2009 in 10 CFR 431.12,
431.31, and appendix B. See 10 CFR 431.15(e)(1). DOE also references
NEMA MG1-1967, Motors and Generators, (NEMA MG1-1967) in the definition
of ``general purpose electric motor (subtype II).'' 10 CFR 431.12. This
section of the NOPR provides a discussion of the updates to NEMA MG1 as
applicable to appendix B only. See section III.D of the NOPR for
discussion of the updates to NEMA MG1 as applicable to definitions in
10 CFR 431.12.
Efficiency and losses of electric motors are determined, in part,
in accordance with NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.58.1, ``Determination of
Motor Efficiency and Losses.'' (Section 2 of Appendix B) Paragraph
12.58.1 of NEMA MG1-2009 specifies the use of IEEE 112-2004 and CSA
C390-98 when measuring and determining the efficiency of an electric
motor.\43\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\43\ The version of CSA C390 (1998) was the most current at the
time of publication of NEMA MG1-2009. This version is now obsolete
and has been replaced by CSA C390-10 (R2019).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Since publication of the January 2021 Final Rule, NEMA MG 1-2009
was updated to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements.\44\ NEMA MG 1-2016
with 2018 Supplements updates paragraph 12.58.1 to reference the most
current versions IEEE 112 and CSA C390. NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018
Supplements does not specify a publication year when referencing
industry test standards. Instead, it specifies that the latest revision
or edition of the applicable publication should be referenced, which
currently is IEEE 112-2017 and CSA C390-10 (R2019). The revised
paragraph 12.58.1 also specifies IEC 60034-2-1 as an additional
industry test standard for use when measuring and determining the
efficiency of an electric motor. The latest revision of IEC 60034-2-1
is the 2014 version (i.e., IEC 60034-2-1:2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\44\ NEMA MG1-2016 also includes 2018 updates published on March
22, 2019.These 2018 updates modified Part 7, paragraphs 12.35,
12.50, 12.59 and 12.60 of Part 12, Part 30, and Part 31 of NEMA MG1-
2016 and did not include any edits to paragraph 12.58.1 of NEMA MG1-
2016. See <a href="https://www.nema.org/standards/view/motors-and-generators">https://www.nema.org/standards/view/motors-and-generators</a>.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE previously performed a side-by-side comparison of CSA C390-93
and CSA C390-98 and concluded that there were no substantive changes
between these two versions that would affect the measurement and
determination of efficiency of an electric motor. 73 FR 78220, 78229
(December 22, 2008). DOE also performed a comparison of CSA C390-93 and
CSA C390-10 and similarly concluded that there were no substantive
changes. 77 FR 26608, 26621 Therefore, DOE concludes that there are no
substantive changes between CSA C390-98 and CSA C390-10 (R2019) that
would affect the measurements and determination of the efficiency of an
electric motor. Regarding the inclusion of the IEC 60034-2-1 in the
revised paragraph 12.58.1 of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements, this
modification aligns with the January 2021 Final Rule (see section
III.B.2). Therefore, DOE proposes to inc

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