Rule2021-25384
Extension and Amendment of Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Greece
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
November 22, 2021
Effective
November 21, 2021
Issuing agencies
Homeland Security DepartmentU.S. Customs and Border ProtectionTreasury Department
Abstract
This final rule amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Regulations to reflect an extension and amendment of import restrictions on certain archaeological and ecclesiastical ethnological material of the Hellenic Republic (Greece). The restrictions, which were originally imposed by CBP Dec. 11-25 and last extended in CBP Dec. 16-21, are due to expire on November 21, 2021. The Acting Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States Department of State, has made the requisite determinations for extending the import restrictions that previously existed, and the Government of the United States and the Government of Greece entered into a new agreement to reflect the extension of these import restrictions. The new agreement, which enters into force on November 21, 2021, supersedes the existing Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that became effective on November 21, 2016, and enabled the promulgation of the existing import restrictions. Accordingly, the import restrictions will remain in effect for an additional five years, and the CBP regulations are being amended to reflect this extension until November 21, 2026. To fulfill the terms of the new MOU, the Designated List of cultural property, which was described in CBP Dec. 11-25, is amended in this document to correct certain typographical errors, to add certain coins from the Byzantine and Medieval periods, to clarify pottery styles, and to include post-Byzantine ethnological material dating up to A.D. 1830.
Full Text
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[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 222 (Monday, November 22, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 66164-66169]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2021-25384]
[[Page 66164]]
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
19 CFR Part 12
[CBP Dec. 21-16]
RIN 1515-AE68
Extension and Amendment of Import Restrictions Imposed on
Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Greece
AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland
Security; Department of Treasury.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This final rule amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection
(CBP) Regulations to reflect an extension and amendment of import
restrictions on certain archaeological and ecclesiastical ethnological
material of the Hellenic Republic (Greece). The restrictions, which
were originally imposed by CBP Dec. 11-25 and last extended in CBP Dec.
16-21, are due to expire on November 21, 2021. The Acting Assistant
Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States
Department of State, has made the requisite determinations for
extending the import restrictions that previously existed, and the
Government of the United States and the Government of Greece entered
into a new agreement to reflect the extension of these import
restrictions. The new agreement, which enters into force on November
21, 2021, supersedes the existing Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
that became effective on November 21, 2016, and enabled the
promulgation of the existing import restrictions. Accordingly, the
import restrictions will remain in effect for an additional five years,
and the CBP regulations are being amended to reflect this extension
until November 21, 2026. To fulfill the terms of the new MOU, the
Designated List of cultural property, which was described in CBP Dec.
11-25, is amended in this document to correct certain typographical
errors, to add certain coins from the Byzantine and Medieval periods,
to clarify pottery styles, and to include post-Byzantine ethnological
material dating up to A.D. 1830.
DATES: Effective November 21, 2021.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For legal aspects, W. Richmond
Beevers, Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted Merchandise
Branch, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325-0084, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b8d7cc95d7cccacadbcdd4cccdcad9d4c8cad7c8ddcaccc1f8dbdac896dcd0cb96dfd7ce"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="bad5ce97d5cec8c8d9cfd6cecfc8dbd6cac8d5cadfc8cec3fad9d8ca94ded2c994ddd5cc">[email protected]</span></a>. For operational aspects, Julie L.
Stoeber, Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and Programs, Office of
Trade, (202) 945-7064, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#08395d5b4f4a7a69666b60486b6a78266c607b266f677e"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="19284c4a5e5b6b78777a71597a7b69377d716a377e766f">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Pursuant to the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act,
Public Law 97-446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (hereinafter, ``the Cultural
Property Implementation Act''), which implements the 1970 United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
(hereinafter, ``the Convention'' (823 U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)), the United
States entered into a bilateral agreement with Greece on November 21,
2011. The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) enabled the promulgation of
import restrictions on archaeological material representing Greece's
cultural heritage from the Upper Paleolithic (beginning approximately
20,000 B.C.) through the 15th century A.D., and ecclesiastical
ethnological material representing Greece's Byzantine cultural heritage
(approximately the 4th century through the 15th century A.D.).
On December 1, 2011, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
published CBP Dec. 11-25, in the Federal Register (76 FR 74691), which
amended 19 CFR 12.104g(a) to indicate the imposition of these
restrictions and included a list designating the types of
archaeological and ecclesiastical ethnological material covered by the
restrictions. The restrictions were subsequently extended in 2016. CBP
published a final rule (CBP Dec. 16-21) in the Federal Register (81 FR
84458), following the exchange of diplomatic notes, extending the
import restrictions for a period of five years until November 21, 2021.
Import restrictions listed at 19 CFR 12.104g(a) are effective for
no more than five years beginning on the date on which the agreement
enters into force with respect to the United States. This period may be
extended for additional periods of not more than five years if it is
determined that the factors which justified the initial agreement still
pertain and no cause for suspension of the agreement exists. Since the
initial notice was published on December 1, 2011, the import
restrictions have been extended once. Following the exchange of
diplomatic notes, CBP published a final rule (CBP Dec. 16-21) in the
Federal Register (81 FR 84458), to extend the import restrictions for a
period of five years to November 21, 2021.
On August 20, 2020, the United States Department of State proposed
in the Federal Register (85 FR 51544), to extend the MOU between the
United States and Greece concerning the import restrictions on certain
categories of archeological and ecclesiastical ethnological material of
Greece. On March 21, 2021, the Acting Assistant Secretary for
Educational and Cultural Affairs, Department of State, after
consultation with and recommendations by the Cultural Property Advisory
Committee, determined that the cultural heritage of Greece continues to
be in jeopardy from pillage of certain archaeological and
ecclesiastical ethnological material, and that the import restrictions
should be extended for an additional five years.
Subsequently, on September 22, 2021, the Governments of the United
States and Greece entered into a new agreement, titled ``Memorandum of
Understanding between the Government of the United States of America
and the Government of the Hellenic Republic Concerning the Imposition
of Import Restrictions on Categories of Certain Archaeological and
Ethnological Materials of the Hellenic Republic,'' which is effective
on November 21, 2021. The new MOU supersedes the existing MOU that
first entered into force on November 21, 2011. Pursuant to the new MOU,
the import restrictions will remain in effect for an additional five
years.
Accordingly, CBP is amending 19 CFR 12.104g(a) to reflect the
extension of the import restrictions. The restrictions are to continue
in effect until November 21, 2026. Importation of such material of
Greece, as described in the Designated List below, shall be restricted
through that date unless the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and
19 CFR 12.104c are met.
The Designated List and additional information may also be found at
the following website address: <a href="https://eca.state.gov/cultural-heritage-center/cultural-property-advisory-committee/current-import-restrictions">https://eca.state.gov/cultural-heritage-center/cultural-property-advisory-committee/current-import-restrictions</a>
by selecting the material for ``Greece.''
Designated List of Archaeological and Ecclesiastical Ethnological
Material of Greece
The Designated List contained in CBP Dec. 11-25, which describes
the types of articles to which the import restrictions apply, is
amended to reflect the addition of certain archaeological and
ecclesiastical ethnological material to the Designated List. To fulfill
the terms
[[Page 66165]]
of the new MOU, the Designated List of cultural property is amended in
this document to add certain coins from the Byzantine and Medieval
periods, to clarify pottery styles, and to include post-Byzantine
ethnological material dating up to A.D. 1830, as well as clarify
certain provisions of the Designated List contained in CBP Dec. 11-25
by making minor revisions to the language, organization, and numbering
of the Designated List. For the reader's convenience, CBP is
reproducing the Designated List contained in CBP Dec. 11-25 in its
entirety, with the changes, below.
The Designated List includes archaeological material from Greece
ranging in date from approximately the 3rd millennium B.C. to 15th
century A.D., and ecclesiastical ethnological material from Greece from
the Early Christian, Byzantine, and post-Byzantine periods, including
objects made from A.D. 324 through 1830.
Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Ecclesiastical Material
I. Archaeological Material
A. Stone
B. Metal
C. Ceramic
D. Bone, Ivory, Wood and Other Organics
E. Glass and Faience
F. Textile
G. Papyrus Documents
H. Paintings
I. Mosaics
II. Ecclesiastical Ethnological Material
A. Stone
B. Metal
C. Ceramic
D. Bone and Ivory Objects
E. Wood
F. Glass
G. Textile
H. Parchment and Paper
I. Painting
J. Mosaics
I. Archaeological Material
The archaeological materials represent the following periods,
styles, and cultures: Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, Minoan, Cycladic,
Helladic, Mycenaean, Submycenaean, Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic,
Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Medieval.
A. Stone
1. Sculpture
a. Architectural Elements--In marble, limestone, gypsum, and other
kinds of stone. Types include acroteria, antefixes, architrave, base,
basin, capital, caryatid, coffer, column, crowning, fountain, frieze,
pediment, pilaster, mask, metope, mosaic and inlay, jamb, tile,
triglyph, tympanum, wellhead, revetment, cut stone paving, tiles.
Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
b. Monuments--In marble, limestone, and other kinds of stone. Types
include menhir, ``horns of consecration,'' votive statues, funerary and
votive stelae, and bases and base revetments, and columnar grave
monuments. These may be painted, carved with relief sculpture, and/or
carry dedicatory or funerary inscriptions. Approximate date: 3rd
millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
c. Sarcophagi--In marble, limestone, and other kinds of stone. Some
have figural scenes painted on them, others have figural scenes carved
in relief, and some just have decorative moldings. Approximate date:
3rd millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
d. Large Statuary--Primarily in marble, also in limestone and
sandstone, including fragments of statues. Subject matter includes
human and animal figures and groups of figures in the round. Common
types are largescale, free-standing statuary from approximately 1 m to
2.5 m in height and life-size busts (head and shoulders of an
individual). The style may be naturalistic, as in the Classical Period,
highly stylized, as in the Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades, or
somewhere in between. Approximate date: 4th millennium B.C. to 15th
century A.D.
e. Small Statuary and Figurines--In marble and other stone. Subject
matter includes human and animal figures and groups of figures in the
round. These range from approximately 10 cm to 1 m in height. The style
may be naturalistic, as in the Classical Period, highly stylized, as in
the Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades, or somewhere in between.
Approximate date: 20,000 B.C. to 15th century A.D.
f. Reliefs--In marble and other stone. Types include carved slabs
with figural, vegetative, floral, or decorative motifs, sometimes
inscribed, and carved relief vases. Used for architectural decoration,
funerary, votive, or commemorative monuments. Approximate date: 3rd
millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
g. Furniture--In marble and other stone. Types include tables;
thrones; beds; and altars, round or rectangular. Approximate date: 12th
century B.C. to 15th century A.D.
2. Vessels--In marble, steatite, rock crystal, and other stone.
These may belong to conventional shapes such as bowls, cups, jars,
jugs, and lamps, or may occur in the shape of an animal or human, or
part of an animal or human. Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to
15th century A.D.
3. Tools and Weapons--In flint/chert, obsidian, and other hard
stones. Chipped stone types include blades, small blades, borers,
scrapers, sickles, cores, arrow heads, and spindle whorls. Ground stone
types include grinders (e.g., mortars, pestles, millstones,
whetstones), choppers, axes, hammers, and mace heads. Approximate date:
20,000 B.C. to 15th century A.D.
4. Seals and Beads--In marble, limestone, and various semiprecious
stones including rock crystal, amethyst, jasper, agate, steatite, and
carnelian. Approximate date: 6th millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
B. Metal
1. Sculpture
a. Large Statuary--Primarily in bronze, including fragments of
statues. Subject matter includes human and animal figures and groups of
figures in the round. Common types are large-scale, free-standing
statuary from approximately 1 m to 2.5 m in height and life-size busts
(head and shoulders of an individual). Approximate date: 2nd millennium
B.C. to A.D. 324.
b. Small Statuary and Figurines--Subject matter includes human and
animal figures, groups of figures in the round, masks, and plaques.
These range from approximately 10 cm to 1 m in height. Approximate
date: 3rd millennium B.C. to A.D. 324.
c. Inscribed or Decorated Sheet Metal--In bronze, lead, and gold.
Engraved inscriptions, ``curse tablets,'' ``Orphic/Dionysiac tablets,''
and thin metal sheets with engraved or impressed designs often used as
attachments to furniture and clothing. Approximate date: 4th millennium
B.C. to 15th century A.D.
2. Vessels--In bronze, gold, and silver. These may belong to
conventional shapes such as bowls, cups, jars, jugs, strainers,
cauldrons, and lamps, or may occur in the shape of an animal or part of
an animal. Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
3. Personal Ornaments--In bronze, gold, and silver. Types include
rings, beads, pendants, belts, belt buckles, earrings, diadems,
spangles, straight and safety pins (fibulae), necklaces, mirrors,
wreaths, cuffs, and funerary masks. Approximate date: 7th millennium
B.C. to 15th century A.D.
4. Tools--In copper, bronze, iron, and lead. Types include hooks,
weights, axes, scrapers, (strigils), trowels, keys; the tools of
craftspersons such as carpenters, masons and metal smiths; and medical
tools such as needles, spoons, lancets, and forceps. Approximate date:
4th millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
5. Weapons and Armor--In copper, bronze, iron and lead. Types
include
[[Page 66166]]
both launching weapons (spears and javelins) and weapons for hand-to-
hand combat (swords, daggers, etc.). Armor includes body armor, such as
helmets, cuirasses, shin guards, and shields, and horse armor often
decorated with elaborate engraved, embossed, or perforated designs.
Approximate date: 6th millennium B.C. to 30 B.C.
6. Seals and Tokens--In lead, tin, copper, bronze, silver, and
gold. Types include rings, amulets, and seals with shank. Approximate
date: 4th millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
7. Coins--Many of the mints of the listed coins can be found in
B.V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics (London,
1911) and C.M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (London, 1976).
Many of the Roman provincial mints in Greece are listed in A. Burnett
et al., Roman Provincial Coinage I: From the Death of Caesar to the
Death of Vitellius (44 BC-AD 69) (London, 1992) and id., Roman
Provincial Coinage II: From Vespasian to Domitian (AD 69-96) (London,
1999).
a. Greek Bronze Coins--Struck by city-states, leagues, and kingdoms
that operated in the territory of the modern Greek state (including the
ancient territories of the Peloponnese, Central Greece, Thessaly,
Epirus, Crete and those parts of the territories of ancient Macedonia,
Thrace and the Aegean islands that lay within the boundaries of the
modern Greek state). Approximate date: 5th century B.C. to late 1st
century B.C.
b. Greek Silver Coins--This category includes the small
denomination coins of the city-states of Aegina, Athens, and Corinth,
and the Kingdom of Macedonia under Philip II and Alexander the Great.
Such coins weigh less than approximately 10 grams and are known as
obols, diobols, triobols, hemidrachms, and drachms. Also included are
all denominations of coins struck by the other city-states, leagues,
and kingdoms that operated in the territory of the modern Greek state
(including the ancient territories of the Peloponnese, Central Greece,
Thessaly, Epirus, Crete, and those parts of the territories of ancient
Macedonia, Thrace and the Aegean islands that lie within the boundaries
of the modern Greek state). Approximate date: 6th century B.C. to late
1st century B.C.
c. Roman Coins Struck in Greece--In silver and bronze, struck at
Roman and Roman provincial mints that operated in the territory of the
modern Greek state (including the ancient territories of the
Peloponnese, Central Greece, Thessaly, Epirus, Crete, and those parts
of the territories of ancient Macedonia, Thrace and the Aegean islands
that lie within the boundaries of the modern Greek state). Approximate
date: late 2nd century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.
d. Coins from the Byzantine and Medieval Periods --This category
includes coin types such as those of the Byzantine and medieval
Frankish and Venetian states that circulated primarily in Greece,
ranging in date from approximately the 3rd century A.D. to the 15th
century A.D.
C. Ceramic
1. Sculpture
a. Architectural Elements--Baked clay (terracotta) elements used to
decorate buildings. Elements include acroteria, antefixes, painted and
relief plaques, metopes, cornices, roof tiles, revetments, and brick.
Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. to 30 B.C.
b. Large Statuary--Subject matter includes human and animal figures
and groups of figures in the round. Common types are large-scale, free-
standing statuary from approximately 1 m to 2.5 m in height and life-
size busts (head and shoulders of an individual). Approximate date: 3rd
millennium B.C. to 30 B.C.
c. Small Statuary--Subject matter is varied and includes human and
animal figures, human body parts, groups of figures in the round,
shrines, houses, and chariots. Includes Mycenaean and later Tanagra
figurines. These range from approximately 10 cm to 1 m in height.
Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to A.D. 324.
d. Sarcophagi--Block- or tub-shaped chests, often painted, known as
larnax (plural, larnakes). Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. to 30
B.C.
2. Vessels
a. Neolithic Pottery--Handmade, often decorated with a lustrous
burnish, decorated with appliqu[eacute] and/or incision, sometimes with
added paint. These come in a variety of shapes from simple bowls and
vases with three or four legs to handled scoops and large storage jars.
Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to 3rd millennium B.C.
b. Minoan, Cycladic, and Mycenaean Pottery--Handmade and wheelmade
pottery in shapes for tableware, serving, storing, and processing, with
lustrous burnished, matte, appliqu[eacute], incised, and painted
decoration; includes local styles such as Kamares ware, Pictorial
Style, and extraordinary shapes such as ``frying pans'' and ``kernoi.''
Approximate dates: 4th millennium B.C. to 12th century B.C.
c. ``Submycenean'' and Pottery of the Geometric Period (including
``sub-Geometric'')-- Handmade and wheelmade pottery that succeeds the
styles of the Late Bronze Age and is produced in decorated and
undecorated styles, often reflecting that of the Late Bronze Age but
predominately using compasses for circles and linear ``geometric''
decoration, as well as schematic representations of humans, animals and
birds. This category also includes Proto-Attic Black and White style
pottery. Approximate dates: 12th century B.C. to 7th century B.C.
d. Attic Black Glaze, Black Figure, Red Figure and White Ground
Pottery--These are made in a specific set of shapes (e.g., amphorae,
kraters, hydriae, oinochoi, kylikes) decorated with black painted
figures on a clear clay ground (Black Figure), decorative elements in
reserve with background fired black (Red Figure), and multi-colored
figures painted on a white ground (White Ground). Approximate date: 6th
century B.C. to 4th century B.C.
e. Corinthian Pottery--Painted pottery made in Corinth in a
specific range of shapes for perfume and unguents and for drinking or
pouring liquids. The very characteristic painted and incised designs
depict human and animal figural scenes, rows of animals, and floral
decoration. Approximate date: 8th century B.C. to 6th century B.C.
f. West Slope Ware--This ware is named after a type of pottery from
the west slope of the Athenian Acropolis. It has a black-glaze with
relief and polychrome decoration and was produced first in Athens in
the fourth century B.C., but the style is also manufactured elsewhere,
such as at Corinth, Macedonia and Crete down to the first century B.C.
Approximate date: 4th century B.C. to 1st century B.C.
g. Moldmade Bowls--These bowls with relief decoration were
developed in Athens in the late third century B.C. and soon
manufactured elsewhere, such as in Corinth and Argos. Patterns include
pine-cone scales, leaves, petals, or figural scenes. They have black
glaze, often with a metallic sheen. Approximate date: 3rd century B.C.
to 1st century B.C.
h. Utilitarian Ware--Includes undecorated plates, cooking pots,
water jars (plain and incised), plain perfume jars (unguentaria), and
transport amphorae (often with stamped handles). Approximate date: 6th
century B.C. to A.D. 324.
i. Byzantine Pottery--Includes undecorated plain wares,
utilitarian, tableware, serving and storage jars, special shapes such
as pilgrim flasks, and can be matte painted or glazed, including
incised ``sgraffitto'' and stamped with elaborate polychrome
decorations using floral, geometric, human, and animal motifs; it is
generally locally manufactured, though
[[Page 66167]]
places like Corinth were major producers. Approximate date: 324 A.D. to
15th century A.D.
3. Inscriptions--These are typically unbaked and should be handled
with extreme care, even when hard-fired through accidental burning.
They typically take the form of tablets shaped like leaves of
rectangular or square shape and they are often lined, with incised, and
sometimes stamped, characters known as ``Linear A'' and ``Linear B.''
Approximate date: 2nd millennium B.C. to 12th century B.C.
4. Lamps--Can be handmade, wheelmade, or moldmade. Shapes include
open with a pinched nozzle, partially enclosed with a rim, or covered
with a decorated disc. Athens and Corinth were major producers.
Approximate date: 7th century B.C. to A.D. 324.
5. Loom Weights--Shapes include conical, pyramidal, disc or rings.
Can be stamped, incised, or glazed. Approximate date: 7th millennium
B.C. to 15th century A.D.
D. Bone, Ivory, Wood and Other Organics
1. Small Statuary and Figurines--Subject matter includes human and
animal figures and groups of figures in the round. These range from
approximately 10 cm to 1 m in height. Approximate date: 7th millennium
B.C. to 15th century A.D.
2. Personal Ornaments--In bone, ivory, and spondylus shell. Types
include amulets, combs, pins, spoons, small containers, bracelets,
buckles, and beads. Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to 15th
century A.D.
3. Seals and Stamps--Small devices with at least one side engraved
with a design for stamping or sealing; they can be discoid, cuboid,
conoid, or in the shape of animals or fantastic creatures (e.g., a
scarab). Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to 2nd millennium B.C.
4. Musical Instruments--In bone, ivory and tortoise shell. Types
include pipe and flute. Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. to 15th
century A.D.
5. Ostrich Egg Vessels--Often decorated with an incised scene
(e.g., geometric, animal, human, etc.). Approximate date: 3rd
millennium B.C. to 2nd millennium B.C.
6. Furniture--Bone and ivory furniture inlays and veneers.
Approximate date: 2nd millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
E. Glass and Faience
1. Vessels--Shapes include small jars, bowls, animal shaped,
goblet, spherical, candle holders, perfume jars (unguentaria).
Approximate date: 2nd millennium B.C. to 15th century A.D.
2. Beads--Globular and relief beads. Approximate date: beginning in
2nd millennium B.C.
3. Small Statuary--Includes human and animal figures in the round,
scarabs, and other imitations of eastern themes. These range from
approximately 3 to 20 cm in height. Approximate date: 2nd millennium to
7th century B.C.
F. Textiles
Clothing or fragments of clothing or carpets or cloth for hanging.
Approximate date: 1100 B.C. to 15th century A.D.
G. Papyrus Documents
Documents made from papyrus and written upon in ink; these are
often rolled, fragmentary, and should be handled with extreme care.
Approximately 7th century B.C. to A.D. 324.
H. Paintings
1. Domestic and Public Wall Painting--These are painted on
mudplaster, lime plaster (wet--buon fresco--and dry--secco fresco);
types include simple applied color, bands and borders, landscapes,
scenes of people and/or animals in natural or built settings.
Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. to A.D. 324.
2. Tomb Paintings--Paintings on plaster or stone, sometimes
geometric or floral but usually depicting gods, goddesses, or funerary
scenes. Approximate date: 2nd millennium B.C. to A.D. 500.
3. Panel Paintings on wood depicting gods, goddesses, or funerary
scenes. Approximate date: 1st millennium B.C. to A.D. 324.
I. Mosaics
Floor mosaics including landscapes, scenes of humans or gods, and
activities such as hunting and fishing. They are made from stone, tile,
or glass cut into small bits (tesserae) and laid into a plaster matrix.
There may also be vegetative, floral, or decorative motifs. Approximate
date: 5th century B.C. to A.D. 500.
II. Ecclesiastical Ethnological Material
The ecclesiastical ethnological materials represent the Early
Christian and Byzantine, and post-Byzantine periods and include objects
made from A.D. 324 through 1830.
A. Stone
1. Architectural Elements--In marble and other stone, including
upright ``closure'' slabs, circular marking slabs omphalion, which may
be decorated with crosses, human, or animal figures.
2. Monuments--In marble and other stone; types such as funerary
inscriptions.
3. Vessels--Containers for holy water.
4. Reliefs--In marble and other stone, used for architectural
decoration. May be carved as icons in which religious figures
predominate in the figural decoration.
5. Furniture--In marble and other stone. Types include thrones and
altars.
B. Metal
1. Reliefs--Cast as icons in which religious figures predominate in
the figural decoration.
2. Boxes--Containers of gold and silver, used as reliquaries for
sacred human remains. Carved and engraved decoration includes religious
figures, scenes from the Bible, floral and geometric designs.
3. Vessels--Containers of lead, which carried aromatic oils and are
called ``pilgrim flasks.''
4. Ceremonial paraphernalia--In bronze, silver, and gold including
asterisks, censers (incense burners), communion chalices and disks,
book covers, lances, liturgical items like ciborium (artophorion), book
covers, benediction or processional crosses, bishop's crowns, buckles,
and chests. These are often decorated with molded or incised geometric
motifs or scenes from the Bible, inscriptions in Greek, and encrusted
with semi-precious or precious stones. The gems themselves may be
engraved with religious figures or inscriptions. Ecclesiastical
treasure may include all of the above, as well as rings, earrings, and
necklaces (some decorated with ecclesiastical themes) and other
implements (e.g., spoons).
C. Ceramic
Vessels which carried aromatic oils and are called ``pilgrim
flasks.''
D. Bone and Ivory Objects
Ceremonial paraphernalia including boxes, reliquaries (and their
contents), plaques, pendants, candelabra, stamp rings, crosses. Carved
and engraved decoration includes religious figures, scenes from the
Bible, and floral and geometric designs.
E. Wood
Wooden objects include architectural elements such as painted wood
screens (iconostasis) and lypira; carved doors, crosses, painted wooden
beams from churches or monasteries, and monastery seals; furniture such
as thrones, pulpit bases (proskinitaria), lecturns
[[Page 66168]]
(analogia); chests, and other objects, including musical instruments.
Religious figures predominate in the painted and carved figural
decoration. Ecclesiastical furniture and architectural elements may
also be decorated with geometric or floral designs and/or inlaid with
glass or other material.
F. Glass
Vessels of glass include lamps, candle sticks, and other ritual
vessels.
G. Textile
Ecclesiastical garments and other ritual textiles, including robes,
vestments (sakkos, phelonion, omophorion, epitrachelion, epigonation),
and altar clothes. They are often of a fine fabric and richly
embroidered in silver and gold. Embroidered designs include religious
motifs and figures, floral, and geometric designs.
H. Parchment and Paper
Documents such as illuminated manuscripts occur in single leaves or
bound as a book or ``codex'' and are written or painted on animal skins
(cattle, sheep/goat, camel) known as parchment. Illuminated
manuscripts, printed books used for religious/ritual purposes, and
icons may also be printed on paper in the post-Byzantine period.
I. Paintings
1. Wall paintings--On various kinds of plaster and which generally
portray religious images and scenes of Biblical events. Surrounding
paintings may contain animal, floral, or geometric designs, including
borders and bands.
2. Panel Paintings (Icons)--Smaller versions of the scenes on wall
paintings, and may be partially covered with gold or silver, sometimes
encrusted with semi-precious or precious stones and are usually painted
on a wooden panel, often for inclusion in a wooden screen
(iconastasis).
J. Mosaics
Wall mosaics generally portray religious images and scenes of
Biblical events. Surrounding panels may contain animal, floral, or
geometric designs. They are made from stone and glass cut into small
bits (tesserae) and laid into a plaster matrix.
Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date
This amendment involves a foreign affairs function of the United
States and is, therefore, being made without notice or public
procedure; see 5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1). For the same reason, a delayed
effective date is not required under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).
Regulatory Flexibility Act
Because no notice of proposed rulemaking is required, the
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do
not apply.
Executive Order 12866
CBP has determined that this document is not a regulation or rule
subject to the provisions of Executive Order 12866 because it pertains
to a foreign affairs function of the United States, as described above,
and therefore is specifically exempted by section 3(d)(2) of Executive
Order 12866.
Signing Authority
This regulation is being issued in accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1)
pertaining to the Secretary of the Treasury's authority (or that of
his/her delegate) to approve regulations related to customs revenue
functions.
Troy A. Miller, Acting Commissioner, U.S. Customs and Border
Protection, having reviewed and approved this document, is delegating
the authority to electronically sign this document to Robert F. Altneu,
who is the Director of the Regulations and Disclosure Law Division for
CBP, for purposes of publication in the Federal Register.
List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12
Cultural property, Customs duties and inspection, Imports,
Prohibited merchandise, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Amendment to CBP Regulations
For the reasons set forth above, part 12 of title 19 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is amended as set forth below:
PART 12--SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE
0
1. The general authority citation for part 12 and the specific
authority citation for Sec. 12.104g continue to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i),
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624;
* * * * *
Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C.
2612;
* * * * *
0
2. In Sec. 12.104g, the table in paragraph (a) is amended by revising
the entry for Greece (Hellenic Republic) to read as follows:
Sec. 12.104g Specific items or categories designated by agreements
or emergency actions.
(a) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State party Cultural property Decision No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Greece (Hellenic Republic).................. Archeological materials CBP Dec. 21-16.
representing Greece's
cultural heritage ranging in
date from approximately 3rd
millennium B.C. to 15th
century A.D., and
ecclesiastical ethnological
material from Greece from
the early Christian,
Byzantine, and post-
Byzantine periods, including
objects made from A.D. 324
through 1830.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
[[Page 66169]]
Robert F. Altneu,
Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law Division, Regulations & Rulings,
Office of Trade U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Approved: November 17, 2021.
Timothy E. Skud,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
[FR Doc. 2021-25384 Filed 11-19-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P
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</html>Indexed from Federal Register on November 22, 2021.
This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.