Rule2021-22471
Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.a. Helicopters
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
October 18, 2021
Effective
November 22, 2021
Issuing agencies
Transportation DepartmentFederal Aviation Administration
Abstract
The FAA is superseding emergency Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018-23-52, which applied to all Leonardo S.p.a. Model AW169 and AW189 helicopters. AD 2018-23-52 required inspecting the nut, cotter pin, lock-wire, and hinge bracket connected to the tail rotor servo-actuator (TRA) feedback lever link, and each connection of the TRA feedback lever link, and repair if necessary. AD 2018-23-52 also required applying a paint stripe or torque seal on the nut and reporting certain information. This AD requires repetitive inspections of the TRA, repetitive inspections and checks of the tail rotor duplex bearings (TR DB), installation of an improved TRA and TR DB, repetitive installations and checks of thermal strips, replacement of the improved TR DB (life limit), and applicable corrective actions, as specified in a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, which is incorporated by reference. This AD was prompted by a report of an accident of a Model AW169 helicopter, which was observed to have lost yaw control prior to the accident and a determination that certain inspections and checks of the TR DB, installation of an improved TRA and TR DB, certain other actions, and applicable corrective actions are necessary to address the unsafe condition. The FAA is issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products.
Full Text
<html>
<head>
<title>Federal Register, Volume 86 Issue 198 (Monday, October 18, 2021)</title>
</head>
<body><pre>
[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 198 (Monday, October 18, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 57564-57567]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 2021-22471]
[[Page 57564]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2021-0612; Project Identifier MCAI-2021-00650-R;
Amendment 39-21755; AD 2021-20-17]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.a. Helicopters
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding emergency Airworthiness Directive (AD)
2018-23-52, which applied to all Leonardo S.p.a. Model AW169 and AW189
helicopters. AD 2018-23-52 required inspecting the nut, cotter pin,
lock-wire, and hinge bracket connected to the tail rotor servo-actuator
(TRA) feedback lever link, and each connection of the TRA feedback
lever link, and repair if necessary. AD 2018-23-52 also required
applying a paint stripe or torque seal on the nut and reporting certain
information. This AD requires repetitive inspections of the TRA,
repetitive inspections and checks of the tail rotor duplex bearings (TR
DB), installation of an improved TRA and TR DB, repetitive
installations and checks of thermal strips, replacement of the improved
TR DB (life limit), and applicable corrective actions, as specified in
a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, which is
incorporated by reference. This AD was prompted by a report of an
accident of a Model AW169 helicopter, which was observed to have lost
yaw control prior to the accident and a determination that certain
inspections and checks of the TR DB, installation of an improved TRA
and TR DB, certain other actions, and applicable corrective actions are
necessary to address the unsafe condition. The FAA is issuing this AD
to address the unsafe condition on these products.
DATES: This AD is effective November 22, 2021.
The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of November 22,
2021.
ADDRESSES: For material incorporated by reference (IBR) in this AD,
contact the EASA, Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany;
telephone +49 221 8999 000; email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#37767344775256445619524245584756195242"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="4d0c093e0d282c3e2c6328383f223d2c632838">[email protected]</span></a>; internet
www.easa.europa.eu. You may find this material on the EASA website at
<a href="https://ad.easa.europa.eu">https://ad.easa.europa.eu</a>. You may view this material at the FAA,
Office of the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy.,
Room 6N-321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. For information on the availability
of this material at the FAA, call 817-222-5110. It is also available in
the AD docket on the internet at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> by
searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2021-0612.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on the internet at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2021-
0612; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains
this final rule, any comments received, and other information. The
address for Docket Operations is U.S. Department of Transportation,
Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Andrea Jimenez, Aerospace Engineer,
COS Program Management Section, Operational Safety Branch, Compliance &
Airworthiness Division, FAA, 1600 Stewart Ave., Suite 410, Westbury, NY
11590; telephone (516) 228-7330; email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c3a2ada7b1a6a2eda9aaaea6ada6b983a5a2a2eda4acb5"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a2c3ccc6d0c7c38cc8cbcfc7ccc7d8e2c4c3c38cc5cdd4">[email protected]</span></a>.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The EASA, which is the Technical Agent for the Member States of the
European Union, has issued EASA AD 2020-0197, dated September 10, 2020
(EASA AD 2020-0197), to correct an unsafe condition for all Leonardo
S.p.A. (formerly Finmeccanica S.p.A., AgustaWestland S.p.A.) Model
AW169 and AW189 helicopters.
The FAA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14
CFR part 39 to supersede Emergency AD 2018-23-52, Product Identifier
2018-SW-093-AD, dated November 8, 2018 (Emergency AD 2018-23-52).
Emergency AD 2018-23-52 applied to all Leonardo S.p.a. Model AW169 and
AW189 helicopters. The NPRM published in the Federal Register on August
5, 2021 (86 FR 42754). The NPRM was prompted by a report of an accident
of a Model AW169 helicopter, which was observed to have lost yaw
control prior to the accident and a determination that certain
inspections and checks of the TR DB, installation of an improved TRA
and TR DB, certain other actions, and applicable corrective actions are
necessary to address the unsafe condition. The NPRM proposed to require
repetitive inspections of the TRA, repetitive inspections and checks of
the TR DB, installation of an improved TRA and TR DB, repetitive
installations and checks of thermal strips, replacement of the improved
TR DB (life limit), and applicable corrective actions, as specified in
an EASA AD.
The FAA is issuing this AD to address failure of the TRA feedback
lever. This condition could result in loss of tail rotor control and
subsequent loss of control of the helicopter. See the EASA AD 2020-0197
for additional background information.
Discussion of Final Airworthiness Directive
Comments
The FAA gave the public the opportunity to participate in
developing this final rule. The FAA received no comments on the NPRM or
on the determination of the cost to the public.
Conclusion
The FAA reviewed the relevant data and determined that air safety
and the public interest require adopting this final rule as proposed,
except for minor editorial changes. The FAA has determined that these
minor changes:
<bullet> Are consistent with the intent that was proposed in the
NPRM for addressing the unsafe condition; and
<bullet> Do not add any additional burden upon the public than was
already proposed in the NPRM.
Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51
EASA AD 2020-0197 requires the following actions:
--Repetitive inspections of the slippage marking of the castellated nut
installed on the back-end of the affected TRA.
--Repetitive inspections of the roughness and breakaway force of the
affected TR DB.
--Repetitive installations of a thermal strip on the spacer next to the
TR DB.
--Repetitive checks of the condition of the thermal strip and the
indicated temperature.
--Repetitive inspections/checks for particles and additional roughness
of the TR DB.
--Installation of an improved TRA.
--Installation of an improved TR DB.
--Repetitive replacements of the improved TR DB (life limit).
--An inspection of an affected TR DB if the thermal strip is detached,
partially detached, or unreadable.
--Reporting information to the manufacturer.
[[Page 57565]]
--Sending parts to the manufacturer.
--Applicable corrective actions.
Corrective actions include accomplishing instructions to address
the following findings: Evidence of rotation of an affected TRA nut;
thermal strip temperatures that exceed specified values; and any
discrepancies found during the inspection of an affected TR DB.
Discrepancies include roughness (meaning lack of free and easy
rotation), measured breakaway force(s) outside the allowed range, any
wear or other damage (including, but not limited to, broken seals), and
the presence of particles.
EASA AD 2020-0197 also prohibits (re)installation of an affected
TRA and an affected TR DB on a helicopter. EASA AD 2020-0197 also
specifies, for certain helicopters, terminating action for the
repetitive inspections of the slippage marking of the castellated nut.
This material is reasonably available because the interested
parties have access to it through their normal course of business or by
the means identified in the ADDRESSES section.
Differences Between This AD and EASA AD 2020-0197
EASA AD 2020-0197 requires sending parts to the manufacturer. This
AD does not require that action.
EASA AD 2020-0197 specifies the earlier revisions of Leonardo
S.p.A. Emergency Alert Service Bulletin (EASB) 169-148, Revision D,
dated August 4, 2020; and Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, Revision D,
dated August 4, 2020; are acceptable for compliance for certain
actions. This AD does not allow credit for the earlier revisions.
Where Note 1 of EASA AD 2020-0197 allows a non-cumulative tolerance
of 10 percent to be applied to the compliance times for the actions to
allow for synchronization of the required actions with other
maintenance tasks, this AD does not allow that tolerance.
Interim Action
The FAA considers this AD to be an interim action and further AD
action might follow.
Costs of Compliance
The FAA estimates that this AD affects 10 helicopters of U.S.
registry. The FAA estimates the following costs to comply with this AD:
Estimated Costs for Required Actions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost on U.S.
Action Labor cost Parts cost Cost per product operators
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inspections and checks........ Up to 9 work- $0....................... Up to $765, per Up to $7,650,
hours x $85 per inspection/ per inspection/
hour = $765, per check cycle. check cycle
inspection/check
cycle.
Thermal strip installation.... 1 work-hour x $85 $4....................... $89, per $890, per
per hour = $85, installation installation
per installation cycle. cycle
cycle.
Installation of improved TRA Up to 18 work- Up to $39,000............ Up to $40,530... Up to $405,300
and TR DB. hours x $85 per
hour = $1,530.
Replacement of improved TR DB. 10 work-hours x $1,500................... $2,350, per $23,500, per
$85 per hour = replacement replacement
$850, per cycle. cycle.
replacement
cycle.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The FAA estimates that it would take about 1 hour per product to
comply with the on-condition reporting requirement in this AD. The
average labor rate is $85 per hour. Based on these figures, the FAA
estimates the cost of reporting the inspection and check results on
U.S. operators to be $85 per product.
The FAA estimates the following costs to do any necessary on-
condition inspections and thermal strip installations that would be
required based on the results of any required actions. The FAA has no
way of determining the number of helicopters that might need these on-
condition actions:
Estimated Costs of On-Condition Inspections and Installations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost per
Labor cost Parts cost product
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 work-hours x $85 per hour = $340.... $0 $340
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The FAA has received no definitive data that would enable the
agency to provide cost estimates for the other on-condition actions
specified in this AD.
Paperwork Reduction Act
A federal agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not
required to respond to, nor shall a person be subject to penalty for
failure to comply with a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act unless that collection of
information displays a current valid OMB control number. The control
number for the collection of information required by this AD is 2120-
0056. The paperwork cost associated with this AD has been detailed in
the Costs of Compliance section of this document and includes time for
reviewing instructions, as well as completing and reviewing the
collection of information. Therefore, all reporting associated with
this AD is mandatory. Comments concerning the accuracy of this burden
and suggestions for reducing the burden should be directed to
Information Collection Clearance Officer, Federal Aviation
Administration, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Fort Worth, TX 76177-1524.
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General requirements.
Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight
of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for
practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary
for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that
authority because it addresses an
[[Page 57566]]
unsafe condition that is likely to exist or develop on products
identified in this rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
This AD will not have federalism implications under Executive Order
13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct effect on the States,
on the relationship between the national government and the States, or
on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
(2) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
(3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
The Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The FAA amends Sec. 39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive:
2021-20-17 Leonardo S.p.a.: Amendment 39-21755; FAA-2021-0612;
Project Identifier MCAI-2021-00650-R.
(a) Effective Date
This airworthiness directive (AD) is effective November 22,
2021.
(b) Affected ADs
This AD replaces Emergency AD 2018-23-52, Product Identifier
2018-SW-093-AD, dated November 8, 2018 (Emergency AD 2018-23-52).
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to all Leonardo S.p.a. Model AW169 and AW189
helicopters, certificated in any category.
(d) Subject
Joint Aircraft Service Component (JASC) Code 6400, Tail Rotor
System.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by a report of an accident of a Model AW169
helicopter, which was observed to have lost yaw control prior to the
accident. The FAA is issuing this AD to address failure of the tail
rotor servo-actuator (TRA) feedback lever. This condition could
result in loss of tail rotor control and subsequent loss of control
of the helicopter.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.
(g) Requirements
Except as specified in paragraph (h) of this AD: Comply with all
required actions and compliance times specified in, and in
accordance with, European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD
2020-0197, dated September 10, 2020 (EASA AD 2020-0197).
(h) Exceptions to EASA AD 2020-0197
(1) Where EASA AD 2020-0197 requires compliance in terms of
flight hours, this AD requires using hours time-in-service.
(2) This AD does not allow the compliance time tolerance
specified in Note 1 of EASA AD 2020-0197.
(3) The initial compliance time for the inspection specified in
paragraph (1) of EASA AD 2020-0197 is within the compliance time
specified in paragraph (1) of EASA AD 2020-0197, except for Group 1
helicopters on which the inspection identified in paragraph (1) of
EASA AD 2020-0197 has not been done, the initial inspection is
within 10 hours time-in-service after the effective date of this AD.
(4) The initial compliance time for the inspection specified in
paragraph (2) of EASA AD 2020-0197 is within the compliance time
specified in paragraph (2) of EASA AD 2020-0197, except for Group 1
and 2 helicopters on which the inspection identified in paragraph
(2) of EASA AD 2020-0197 has not been done, the initial compliance
time is within 50 hours time-in-service after the effective date of
this AD.
(5) The initial compliance time for the installation specified
in paragraph (3) of EASA AD 2020-0197 is within the compliance time
specified in paragraph (3) of EASA AD 2020-0197, except for Group 1
and 2 helicopters on which the installation identified in paragraph
(3) of EASA AD 2020-0197 has not been done, the initial compliance
time is within 20 hours time-in-service after the effective date of
this AD.
(6) The initial compliance time for the check (inspection)
specified in paragraph (4) of EASA AD 2020-0197 is within the
compliance time specified in paragraph (4) of EASA AD 2020-0197,
except for Group 1 and 2 helicopters on which the check (inspection)
identified in paragraph (4) of EASA AD 2020-0197 has not been done,
the initial compliance time is within 10 hours time-in-service after
the effective date of this AD.
(7) The initial compliance time for the inspection/check
specified in paragraph (5) of EASA AD 2020-0197 is within the
compliance time specified in paragraph (5) of EASA AD 2020-0197
except for Group 1 and 2 helicopters on which the inspection
identified in paragraph (5) of EASA AD 2020-0197 has not been done,
the initial compliance time is within 10 hours time-in-service after
the effective date of this AD.
(8) Where paragraphs (6), (8), (9), and (11) of EASA AD 2020-
0197 specify contacting Leonardo for corrective action instructions,
the corrective action instructions must be accomplished in
accordance with FAA-approved procedures.
(9) Where paragraphs (9) and (10) of EASA AD 2020-0197 use the
term ``discrepancy,'' for this AD, discrepancies include roughness
(meaning lack of free and easy rotation), measured breakaway
force(s) outside the allowed range specified in the service
information identified in paragraphs (2) and (7) of EASA AD 2020-
0197, any wear or other damage (including, but not limited to,
broken seals), and the presence of particles.
(10) Where paragraph (12) of EASA AD 2020-0197 requires
reporting results to the manufacturer ``as required by paragraphs
(12.1) and (12.2) of this [EASA] AD'', for this AD, only report the
inspection and check results specified in paragraph (12.1) of EASA
AD 2020-0197. Submit the report at the applicable time specified in
paragraph (h)(10)(i) or (ii) of this AD.
(i) If the inspection or check was done on or after the
effective date of this AD: Submit the report within 2 days after the
inspection or check.
(ii) If the inspection or check was done before the effective
date of this AD: Submit the report within 2 days after the effective
date of this AD.
(11) Where paragraph (13) of EASA AD 2020-0197, and the service
information specified in EASA AD 2020-0197, specify returning parts
and grease containers to the manufacturer, this AD does not include
those requirements.
(12) Where EASA AD 2020-0197 requires compliance from March 20,
2020 (the effective date of EASA AD 2020-0048, dated March 6, 2020),
this AD requires using the effective date of this AD.
(13) Where EASA AD 2020-0197 requires compliance from its
effective date, this AD requires using the effective date of this
AD.
(14) This AD does not allow credit for the actions specified in
EASA AD 2020-0197 if those actions were done using the service
information specified in paragraphs (h)(14)(i) through (ix) of this
AD:
(i) Leonardo S.p.A. Emergency Alert Service Bulletin (EASB) 169-
148, dated May 29, 2019;
(ii) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 169-148, Revision A, dated September
5, 2019;
(iii) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 169-148, Revision B, dated February
4, 2020;
(iv) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 169-148, Revision C, dated April 6,
2020;
(v) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, dated May 29, 2019;
(vi) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, Revision A, dated September
5, 2019;
(vii) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, Revision B, dated February
4, 2020;
(viii) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, Revision B, dated February
4, 2020, with Errata Corrige;
(ix) Leonardo S.p.A. EASB 189-237, Revision C, dated April 6,
2020.
[[Page 57567]]
(15) This AD does not require the ``Remarks'' section of EASA AD
2020-0197.
(i) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, International Validation Branch, FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight
Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information
directly to the manager of the International Validation Branch, send
it to the attention of the person identified in paragraph (j) of
this AD. Information may be emailed to: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#dde4f09c8b8ef09c948ff0eaeeedf09c90929e9dbbbcbcf3bab2ab"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d2ebff938481ff939b80ffe5e1e2ff939f9d9192b4b3b3fcb5bda4">[email protected]</span></a>.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.
(j) Related Information
For more information about this AD, contact Andrea Jimenez,
Aerospace Engineer, COS Program Management Section, Operational
Safety Branch, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, FAA, 1600
Stewart Ave., Suite 410, Westbury, NY 11590; telephone (516) 228-
7330; email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#70111e140215115e1a191d151e150a301611115e171f06"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2b4a454f594e4a054142464e454e516b4d4a4a054c445d">[email protected]</span></a>.
(k) Material Incorporated by Reference
(1) The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference (IBR) of the service information listed
in this paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
(2) You must use this service information as applicable to do
the actions required by this AD, unless this AD specifies otherwise.
(i) European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD 2020-0197,
dated September 10, 2020.
(ii) [Reserved]
(3) For EASA AD 2020-0197, contact the EASA, Konrad-Adenauer-
Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49 221 8999 000; email
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bffefbccffdadeccde91dacacdd0cfde91daca"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="91d0d5e2d1f4f0e2f0bff4e4e3fee1f0bff4e4">[email protected]</span></a>; internet www.easa.europa.eu. You may find this
EASA AD on the EASA website at <a href="https://ad.easa.europa.eu">https://ad.easa.europa.eu</a>.
(4) You may view this service information at the FAA, Office of
the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room
6N-321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. For information on the availability of
this material at the FAA, call 817-222-5110. This material may be
found in the AD docket on the internet at <a href="https://www.regulations.gov">https://www.regulations.gov</a> by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-
2021-0612.
(5) You may view this material that is incorporated by reference
at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this material at NARA, email
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#177165397e7964677274637e7879577976657639707861"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="1375613d7a7d60637670677a7c7d537d7261723d747c65">[email protected]</span></a>, or go to: <a href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html">https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html</a>.
Issued on September 23, 2021.
Gaetano A. Sciortino,
Deputy Director for Strategic Initiatives, Compliance & Airworthiness
Division, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2021-22471 Filed 10-15-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
</pre><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script></body>
</html>Indexed from Federal Register on October 18, 2021.
This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.