Presidential DocumentExecutive Order 1317800-31313
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
Primary source
Metadata and text below are from the Federal Register, a public-domain U.S. government work. Always verify the official published version before relying on it for any legal matter.
Published
December 7, 2000
Signed
December 4, 2000
Issuing agencies
Executive Office of the President
Full Text
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<title>Federal Register, Volume 65 Issue 236 (Thursday, December 7, 2000)</title>
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[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 236 (Thursday, December 7, 2000)]
[Presidential Documents]
[Pages 76903-76910]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [<a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]
[FR Doc No: 00-31313]
[[Page 76901]]
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Part X
The President
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Executive Order 13178--Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef
Ecosystem Reserve
Presidential Documents
Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 236 / Thursday, December 7, 2000 /
Presidential Documents
___________________________________________________________________
Title 3--
The President
[[Page 76903]]
Executive Order 13178 of December 4, 2000
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef
Ecosystem Reserve
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of
America, including the National Marine Sanctuaries Act,
(16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), and the National Marine
Sanctuaries Amendments Act of 2000, Public Law 106-513,
and in furtherance of the purposes of the Magnuson-
Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16
U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act (33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.), Coastal Zone
Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.), Endangered
Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Marine Mammal
Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1362 et seq.), Clean Water
Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), National Historic
Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), National
Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (16 U.S.C.
668dd-ee), and other pertinent statutes, it is ordered
as follows:
Section 1. Preamble. The world's coral reefs--the rain
forests of the sea--are in serious decline. These
important and sensitive areas of biodiversity warrant
special protection. While United States waters contain
approximately 3 percent of the world's coral reefs,
approximately 70 percent of U.S. coral reefs are in the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The 3.5 million acres of
coral reefs around the remote, mostly uninhabited
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are spectacular and
almost undisturbed by humans. The approximately 1,200
mile stretch of coral islands, seamounts, banks, and
shoals are unquestionably some of the healthiest and
most extensive coral reefs in the United States. In
their own right, the spectacular coral reefs and lands
provide an amazing geological record of volcanic and
erosive powers that have shaped this area. This vast
area supports a dynamic reef ecosystem that supports
more than 7,000 marine species, of which approximately
half are unique to the Hawaiian Island chain. This
incredibly diverse ecosystem is home to many species of
coral, fish, birds, marine mammals, and other flora and
fauna including the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, the
threatened green sea turtle, and the endangered
leatherback and hawksbill sea turtles. In addition,
this area has great cultural significance to Native
Hawaiians as well as linkages to early Polynesian
culture--making it additionally worthy of protection
and understanding. This is truly a unique and special
place, a coral reef ecosystem like no place on earth,
and a source of pride, inspiration, and satisfaction
for all Americans, especially the people of Hawaii. It
is fully worthy of our best efforts to preserve a
legacy of America's natural wonders for future
generations. Due to the special significance of this
area, I have determined that it is in the best interest
of our Nation, and of future generations, to provide
strong and lasting protection for the coral reef
ecosystem of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
On May 26, 2000, I directed the Secretaries of Commerce
and the Interior, working cooperatively with the State
of Hawaii and consulting with the Western Pacific
Fishery Management Council, to develop recommendations
for a new, coordinated management regime to increase
protection of the coral reef ecosystem of the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and provide for
sustainable use of the area. Upon consideration of
their recommendations and comments received during the
public visioning process on this initiative, and based
on the statutory authorities set forth above, I am
issuing this Executive Order.
[[Page 76904]]
Sec. 2. Purpose. The purpose of this Executive Order is
to ensure the comprehensive, strong, and lasting
protection of the coral reef ecosystem and related
marine resources and species (resources) of the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Sec. 3. Establishment of Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve.
There is hereby established in the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands a coral reef ecosystem reserve to be
known as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef
Ecosystem Reserve (Reserve). The Reserve shall include
submerged lands and waters of the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands, extending approximately 1,200 nautical miles
(nm) long and 100nm wide. The Reserve shall be adjacent
to and seaward of the seaward boundaries of the State
of Hawaii and the Midway Atoll National Wildlife
Refuge, and shall overlay the Hawaiian Islands National
Wildlife Refuge to the extent that it extends beyond
the seaward boundaries of the State of Hawaii. The
boundaries of the Reserve are described in section 6 of
this order.
Sec. 4. Management Principles. The Secretary of
Commerce, or his designee, (hereafter ``Secretary'')
shall, subject to section 10(b) of this order, manage
the Reserve in accordance with the following
principles:
(a) The principal purpose of the Reserve is the
long-term conservation and protection of the coral reef
ecosystem and related marine resources and species of
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in their natural
character;
(b) The Reserve shall be managed using available
science and applying a precautionary approach with
resource protection favored when there is a lack of
information regarding any given activity, to the extent
not contrary to law;
(c) Culturally significant, noncommercial
subsistence, cultural, and religious uses by Native
Hawaiians should be allowed within the Reserve,
consistent with applicable law and the long-term
conservation and protection of Reserve resources;
(d) The Reserve shall be managed using, when
appropriate, geographical zoning and innovative
management techniques to ensure that the Reserve
resources are protected from degradation or harm;
(e) To the extent consistent with the primary
purpose of the Reserve, the Reserve shall be managed to
support, promote, and coordinate appropriate scientific
research and assessment, and long-term monitoring of
Reserve resources, and the impacts or threats thereto
from human and other activities, to help better
understand, protect, and conserve these resources and
species for future generations;
(f) To the extent consistent with the primary
purpose of the Reserve, the Reserve shall be managed to
enhance public awareness, understanding, and
appreciation of Reserve resources, and the impacts or
threats thereto from human and other activities;
(g) The Reserve shall be managed to further
restoration and remediation of degraded or injured
Reserve resources; and
(h) The Reserve shall be managed to facilitate
coordinated management among Federal and State agencies
and other entities, as appropriate, to provide
comprehensive (looking beyond jurisdictional
boundaries) conservation of the coral reef ecosystem
and related marine resources and species throughout the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, consistent with
applicable authorities and the Management Principles of
this section.
Sec. 5. Implementation. (a) Management of the Reserve.
The Secretary shall manage the Reserve under the
National Marine Sanctuaries Act and in accordance with
this order.
(b) Reserve Operations Plan. The Secretary, in
consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the
Governor of Hawaii, shall develop an operations plan to
govern the management of the Reserve. In developing the
Reserve Operations Plan the Secretary shall consider
the advice and recommendations of the Reserve Council
established pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section.
[[Page 76905]]
The Reserve Operations Plan shall be directed at
priority issues and actions that, at a minimum, provide
for:
(1) Coordinated management among the Reserve, Hawaiian
Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Midway Atoll National
Wildlife Refuge, and the State of Hawaii, consistent
with relevant authorities;
(2) Coordination among Federal agencies and the
Director of the National Science Foundation to make
vessels and other resources available for conservation
and research activities for the Reserve;
(3) The cleanup and prevention of marine debris in the
Reserve;
(4) The restoration or remediation of any degraded or
injured resources of the Reserve;
(5) Research, monitoring, and assessment of the
Reserve;
(6) Education and outreach about the Reserve and its
resources and efforts to conserve them;
(7) Enforcement and surveillance for the Reserve,
including the use of new technologies and coordination
with the United States Coast Guard and other relevant
agencies;
(8) Identification and coordination with Native
Hawaiian interests, regarding culturally significant,
noncommercial subsistence, cultural, and religious uses
and locations within the Reserve;
(9) Identification of potential tourism, recreational,
and commercial activities within the Reserve and
actions necessary to ensure that these activities do
not degrade the Reserve's resources or diminish the
Reserve's natural character;
(10) Use of vessel monitoring systems for any vessel
entering or transiting the Reserve, if warranted. To
this end, the Secretary in consultation with the
Department of State, United States Coast Guard, and the
Department of Defense, shall evaluate the need for the
establishment of vessel monitoring systems and, if
warranted, shall initiate the steps necessary to have
the appropriate domestic agencies, and request that the
International Maritime Organization, adopt a vessel
monitoring system requirement for the Reserve;
(11) Any regulations, in addition to the conservation
measures and Reserve Preservation Areas established
under this order, that the Secretary determines are
necessary to manage the Reserve in accordance with this
order; and
(12) Coordination of all relevant activities with the
process to designate the Reserve as a National Marine
Sanctuary, as provided under paragraph (f) of this
section.
(c) Conservation Measures. The Reserve Operations
Plan shall also include the conservation measures in
section 7 of this order and the Reserve Preservation
Areas in section 8 of this order.
(d) Memorandum of Agreement. To further paragraph
(b)(1) of this section, and subject to section 10(b) of
this order, and in particular to promote coordinated
management of the entirety of the shallow areas of the
coral reef ecosystem throughout the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands, the Secretary shall work with the
Secretary of the Interior and Governor of the State of
Hawaii to enter into one or more memoranda of agreement
for the coordinated conservation and management of the
Reserve, Midway Atoll and Hawaiian Islands National
Wildlife Refuges, and State of Hawaii submerged lands
and waters within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
(e) National Marine Sanctuary. The Secretary shall
initiate the process to designate the Reserve as a
national marine sanctuary pursuant to sections 303 and
304 of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C.
1433, 1434). In doing so the Secretary shall supplement
or complement the existing Reserve. The Secretary
shall, in consultation with the Governor of the State
of Hawaii, determine whether State submerged lands and
waters should be included as part of the sanctuary. In
designating and managing the
[[Page 76906]]
sanctuary, the Secretary shall consider the advice and
recommendations of the Reserve Council established
pursuant to paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) Council. After considering input from the
Secretary of the Interior and Governor of the State of
Hawaii, the Secretary shall establish a Coral Reef
Ecosystem Reserve Council pursuant to section 315 of
the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1445a)
to provide advice and recommendations on the Reserve
Operations Plan and designation and management of any
sanctuary. The Council shall include:
(1) Three Native Hawaiian representatives, including
one Native Hawaiian elder, with experience or knowledge
regarding Native Hawaiian subsistence, cultural,
religious, or other activities in the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands.
(2) Three representatives from the non-Federal science
community with experience specific to the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands and with expertise in at least one of
the following areas:
(A) Marine mammal science.
(B) Coral reef ecology.
(C) Native marine flora and fauna of the Hawaiian
Islands.
(D) Oceanography.
(E) Any other scientific discipline the Secretary
determines to be appropriate.
(3) Three representatives from nongovernmental
wildlife/marine life, environmental, and/or
conservation organizations.
(4) One representative from the commercial fishing
industry that conducts activities in the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands.
(5) One representative from the recreational fishing
industry that conducts activities in the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands.
(6) One representative from the ocean-related tourism
industry.
(7) One representative from the non-Federal community
with experience in education and outreach regarding
marine conservation issues.
(8) One citizen-at-large representative.
(9) One representative from the State of Hawaii as
appointed by the Governor.
(10) One representative each, as nonvoting, ex officio
members, from the Department of the Interior, United
States Coast Guard, Department of Defense, Department
of State, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine
Sanctuary, National Science Foundation, Marine Mammal
Commission, and Western Pacific Regional Fishery
Management Council.
(g) Report. The Secretary shall provide a progress
report on the implementation of this order to the Chair
of the Council on Environmental Quality within 1 year
from the date of this order.
Sec. 6. Area of the Reserve. The Reserve includes the
waters and submerged lands of the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands as follows:
(a) The seaward boundary of the Reserve is 50nm
from the approximate center geographical positions of
Nihoa Island, Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals,
Gardner Pinnacles, Maro Reef, Laysan Island, Lisianski
Island, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Atoll, and Kure
Island. Where the areas are not contiguous, parallel
lines drawn tangent to and connecting those semi-
circles of the 50nm areas that lie around such areas
shall delimit the remainder of the Reserve.
(b) The inland boundary of the Reserve around each
of the areas named in subparagraph (a) of this section
is the seaward boundary of Hawaii State waters and
submerged lands, and the seaward boundary of the Midway
Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, as appropriate.
(c) The Reserve boundary is generally depicted on
the map attached to this order. The Secretary, after
consultation with the Governor of the State
[[Page 76907]]
of Hawaii, may make technical modifications to the
boundary of the Reserve, including providing straight-
line boundaries for the Reserve for clarity and ease of
identification, as appropriate.
Sec. 7. Protection and Conservation Measures. The
conservation measures in this section apply throughout
the Reserve.
(a) (1) Commercial Fishing. All currently existing
commercial Federal fishing permits and current levels
of fishing effort and take, as determined by the
Secretary and pursuant to regulations in effect on the
date of this order, shall be capped as follows:
(A) No commercial fishing may occur in Reserve
Preservation Areas pursuant to section 8 of this order;
(B) There shall be no increase in the number of
permits of any particular type of fishing (such as for
bottomfishing) beyond the number of permits of that
type in effect the year preceding the date of this
order;
(C) The annual level of aggregate take under all
permits of any particular type of fishing may not
exceed the aggregate level of take under all permits of
that type of fishing in the years preceding the date of
this order, as determined by the Secretary, provided
that the Secretary shall equitably divide the aggregate
level into individual levels per permit, and further
provided that the Secretary may make a one-time
reasonable increase to the total aggregate to allow for
the use of two Native Hawaiian bottomfishing permits;
(D) There shall be no permits issued for any
particular type of fishing for which there were no
permits issued in the year preceding the date of this
order; and
(E) The type of fishing gear used by any permit holder
may not be changed except with the permission of the
Secretary, as provided under paragraph 3 of this
section.
(2) Recreational Fishing. All currently existing
(preceding the date of this order) levels of
recreational fishing effort, as determined by the
Secretary and pursuant to regulations in effect on the
day of this order, shall be capped (i.e., no increase
of take levels or levels of fishing effort, species
targeted, or change in gear types) throughout the
Reserve. However, fishing is further restricted as
provided in section 8 of this order.
(3) The Secretary, after consultation with the
Secretary of the Interior and Governor of the State of
Hawaii, and after public review and comment and
consideration of any advice or recommendations of the
Reserve Council and Western Pacific Regional Fishery
Management Council, may further restrict the fishing
activities under subparagraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of
this section if necessary to protect Reserve resources,
or may authorize or require alternate gear types if
such gear would offer equal or greater protection for
Reserve resources.
(b) In addition to the conservation measures in
paragraph (a) of this section, the following activities
are prohibited throughout the Reserve:
(1) Exploring for, developing, or producing oil, gas,
or minerals;
(2) Having a vessel anchored on any living or dead
coral with an anchor, an anchor chain, or an anchor
rope when visibility is such that the seabed can be
seen;
(3) Drilling into, dredging, or otherwise altering the
seabed; or constructing, placing, or abandoning any
structure, material, or other matter on the seabed,
except as an incidental result of anchoring vessels;
(4) Discharging or depositing any material or other
matter into the Reserve, or discharging or depositing
any material or other matter outside the Reserve that
subsequently enters the Reserve and injures any
resource of the Reserve, except fish parts (i.e.,
chumming material or bait) used in and during
authorized fishing operations, or discharges incidental
to vessel use such as deck wash, approved marine
sanitation device effluent, cooling water, and engine
exhaust; and
[[Page 76908]]
(5) Removal, moving, taking, harvesting, or damaging
any living or nonliving Reserve resources, except as
provided under paragraph (a) of this section and
sections 8(a) and 9 of this order.
(c) The Secretary may conduct, or authorize by
permit the activities listed in subparagraphs (b)(3)-
(5) of this section to the extent that they are
necessary for research, monitoring, education, or
management activities that further the Management
Principles of section 4 of this order.
Sec. 8. Reserve Preservation Areas.
(a) To further protect Reserve resources, the
following areas are hereby established as Reserve
Preservation Areas until some or all are made permanent
after adequate public review and comment, within which
all activities referred to in paragraph (b) of this
section are prohibited.
(1) From the seaward boundary of Hawaii State
waters and submerged lands to a mean depth of 100
fathoms (fm) around:
(A) Nihoa Island, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 10fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(B) Necker Island, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 20fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(C) French Frigate Shoals;
(D) Gardner Pinnacles, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 10fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(E) Maro Reef, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 20fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(F) Laysan Island, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 50fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(G) Lisianski Island, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue seaward of a
mean depth of 50fm, unless and until the Secretary
determines otherwise after adequate public review and
comment;
(H) Pearl and Hermes Atoll; and
(I) Kure Island.
(2) Twelve nautical miles around the approximate
geographical centers of:
(A) The first bank immediately east of French Frigate
Shoals;
(B) Southeast Brooks Bank, which is the first bank
immediately west of French Frigate Shoals, provided
that the closure area shall not be closer than
approximately 3nm of the next bank immediately west;
(C) St. Rogatien Bank, provided that the closure area
shall not be closer than approximately 3nm of the next
bank immediately east, provided further that
bottomfishing in accordance with the requirements of
section 7(a)(1) of this order shall be allowed to
continue, unless and until the Secretary determines
otherwise after adequate public review and comment;
(D) The first bank west of St. Rogatien Bank, east of
Gardner Pinnacles;
(E) Raita Bank; and
(F) Pioneer Bank, provided that bottomfishing in
accordance with the requirements of section 7(a)(1) of
this order shall be allowed to continue, unless
[[Page 76909]]
and until the Secretary determines otherwise after
adequate public review and comment.
(b) Activities Prohibited Within Reserve
Preservation Areas.
(1) In addition to the conservation measures in
section 7 of this order, which are applicable to the
entire Reserve, the following activities are prohibited
within the Reserve Preservation Areas listed in
paragraph (a) of this section, except as expressly
otherwise stated in this paragraph and sections (8)(a)
and 9 of this order:
(A) Commercial and recreational fishing;
(B) Anchoring in any area that contains available
mooring buoys, or anchoring outside an available
anchoring area when such area has been designated by
the Secretary;
(C) Any type of touching or taking of living or dead
coral;
(D) Discharging or depositing any material or other
matter except cooling water or engine exhaust; and
(E) Such other activities that the Secretary
identifies after adequate public review and comment,
and after consideration of any advice and
recommendations of the Reserve Council.
(2) Notwithstanding the prohibitions in this
paragraph, the Secretary may conduct, or authorize by
permit, research, monitoring, education, or management
activities within any Reserve Preservation Area that
further the Management Principles of section 4 of this
order.
(3) The Reserve Preservation Areas in this section
are approximated using fathoms. The Secretary will
develop straight line boundaries based on longitude and
latitude coordinates to encompass each Reserve
Preservation Area, to provide for clarity and ease of
identification. The Secretary may make technical
modifications to any such boundaries.
Sec. 9. Native Hawaiian Uses. Native Hawaiian
noncommercial subsistence, cultural, or religious uses
may continue, to the extent consistent with existing
law, within the Reserve and Reserve Preservation Areas
identified under section 8 of this order. The Secretary
shall work with Native Hawaiian interests to identify
those areas where such Native Hawaiian uses of the
Reserve's resources may be conducted without injury to
the Reserve's coral reef ecosystem and related marine
resources and species, and may revise the areas where
such activities may occur after public review and
comment, and consideration of any advice and
recommendations of the Reserve Council.
Sec. 10. National Wildlife Refuges.
(a) The Secretary of the Interior, in managing,
through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service the Hawaiian
Islands and Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuges
pursuant to the National Wildlife Refuge System
Administration Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee) and other
applicable laws, shall follow the Management Principles
of section 4 of this order, to the extent consistent
with applicable law.
(b) Wherever the Reserve overlaps the Hawaiian
Islands National Wildlife Refuge, the Reserve shall be
managed to supplement and complement management of the
Refuge to ensure coordinated conservation and
management of the Reserve and the Refuge, consistent
with the purposes and policies of the National Marine
Sanctuaries Act, the National Marine Sanctuaries
Amendments Act of 2000, and this order, and the
authorities of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under
the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act
(16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee) and other laws with respect to
management of the Refuge. Nothing in this order shall
enlarge or diminish the jurisdiction or authority of
the Secretary or Secretary of the Interior in managing
the Reserve or Refuge, respectively.
(c) The Secretary of the Interior, through the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, shall coordinate with the
Secretary and the Governor of the State
[[Page 76910]]
of Hawaii, as provided under section 5(b) of this
order, to ensure coordinated protection and management
among the Reserve, Refuges, and State, consistent with
relevant authorities.
Sec. 11. Administration and Judicial Review.
(a) International Law. Management of the Reserve
and any regulations issued pursuant thereto and all
other provisions of this order shall be applied
consistently with the 1983 Presidential Proclamation on
the Exclusive Economic Zone, the 1988 Presidential
Proclamation on the Territorial Sea, and the 1999
Presidential Proclamation on Contiguous Zone and in
accordance with generally recognized principles of
international law, and with the treaties, conventions,
and other agreements to which the United States is a
party. The Secretary shall consult with the Department
of State in implementing this order.
(b) Agency Responsibilities. All Federal agencies
whose actions may affect the Reserve and any National
Marine Sanctuary established by the Secretary pursuant
to this order shall carry out such actions in
accordance with applicable laws, regulations and
Executive Orders, including Executive Orders 13089 of
June 11, 1998, and 13158 of May 26, 2000.
(c) National Security and Emergency Actions.
Consistent with applicable law, nothing in this order
is intended to apply to military activities (including
those carried out by the United States Coast Guard),
including military exercises, conducted within or in
the vicinity of the Reserve, consistent with the
requirements of Executive Orders 13089 of June 11,
1998, and 13158 of May 26, 2000. Further, nothing in
this order is intended to restrict the Department of
Defense from conducting activities necessary during
time of war or national emergency, or when necessary
for reasons of national security as determined by the
Secretary of Defense, consistent with applicable law.
In addition, consistent with applicable law, nothing in
this order shall limit agency actions to respond to
emergencies posing an unacceptable threat to human
health or safety or to the marine environment and
admitting of no other feasible solution.
(d) United States Coast Guard. Nothing in this
order is intended to limit the authority of the United
States Coast Guard to enforce any Federal law, or
install or maintain aids to navigation.
(e) Funding. This order shall be carried out
subject to the availability of appropriated funds and
to the extent permitted by law.
(f) Territorial Waters. Nothing in this order shall
enlarge or diminish the jurisdiction or authority of
the State of Hawaii or the United States over submerged
or other lands within the territorial waters off the
coast of Hawaii.
(g) Judicial Review. This order does not create any
right or benefit, substantive or procedural,
enforceable in law or equity by a party against the
United States, its agencies, its officers, or any
person.
(Presidential Sig.)<Clinton1><Clinton2>
THE WHITE HOUSE,
December 4, 2000.
[FR Doc. 00-31313
Filed 12-6-00; 8:45 am]
Billing code 3195-01-P
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</html>Indexed from Federal Register on December 7, 2000.
This is legal information, not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change frequently. Always verify current law with official sources and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice on your specific situation.