Michigan
Michigan state laws, regulations, court decisions, and active legislation
Overview
Michigan's legal system has undergone significant transformation, particularly in the areas of voting rights, reproductive freedom, and labor law. The state made history by becoming the first state to repeal a right-to-work law (2024) and by enshrining reproductive and voting rights in the state constitution through citizen-initiated amendments in 2022.
Michigan's legal landscape includes a robust recreational cannabis market, moderate firearms regulations (including new safe storage and red flag laws enacted in 2023), and the legacy of the Flint water crisis, which reshaped environmental and public health law in the state. The auto industry's presence makes labor and employment law particularly significant.
Court Structure
Michigan's court system includes district courts, circuit courts (general jurisdiction), the Court of Appeals (organized into four districts), and the Michigan Supreme Court. Supreme Court justices are elected in nonpartisan elections for eight-year terms. The state has a unique Court of Claims that handles cases against the state.
Unique Laws & Facts
- •Michigan was the first English-speaking government to abolish the death penalty (1846)
- •The state was the first to repeal a right-to-work law (2024)
- •Michigan voters enshrined reproductive rights in the constitution via Proposal 3 (2022)
- •The state allows up to 12 cannabis plants for home cultivation — among the most permissive
- •Michigan has a unique Court of Claims for lawsuits against the state
Legal Landscape
Michigan's legal landscape is marked by recent progressive constitutional amendments on voting and reproductive rights, pioneering labor law changes, and ongoing environmental accountability from the Flint water crisis. The state's auto industry heritage and Great Lakes stewardship create distinctive legal frameworks.
Key Michigan Laws (3)
Operating Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs (OWI)
Michigan's OWI limit is 0.08% BAC, with enhanced penalties at 0.17%. First offense carries up to 93 days in jail, fines up to $500, and a 30-day license suspension. High BAC offenses double the potential jail time and require ignition interlock devices. A 7-year lookback applies.
Michigan Regulation and Taxation of Marihuana Act (Proposal 1)
Michigan allows adults 21+ to possess up to 2.5 ounces and grow up to 12 plants at home. A combined 16% tax applies to retail sales. Revenue funds schools, roads, and local government. Municipalities may opt out of allowing cannabis businesses.
Security Deposit Act – Limitations and Return Requirements
Michigan caps security deposits at 1.5 months' rent. Deposits must be returned within 30 days with itemized damages, or the tenant may recover double. No statewide rent control. A 30-day notice is required for lease termination and 7 days for non-payment eviction.
Pending Legislation (1)
Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Act
Invests $500 million in EV charging infrastructure and provides tax incentives for EV purchases and manufacturing.